Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Paraffin as a Phase Change Material on the Cooling Performance of a Battery Thermal Management System

Abstract

Internal combustion engines (ICEs) are largely dependent on fossil fuels, and both the risk of depletion of fossil fuels and the harmful exhaust emissions emitted by ICEs have led researchers to become interested in electric vehicles (EVs). As the EV industry develops day by day, battery thermal management systems (BTMS) have become indispensable in solving the high-temperature problem of batteries, which are the most important component of EVs. The cost and reliability of electric vehicles are affected by parameters such as the life cycle, capacity, charging time, durability, and warranty cost of the battery pack used. The heat produced in the battery pack is removed by gas or liquid cooling in active cooling, and by phase change materials (PCM) in passive cooling. The high energy storage density of PCMs and the fact that there is no need for fan or pump power in cooling using PCMs are some of the reasons why PCMs are preferred for BTMSs. In this study, a battery pack consisting of 18 lithium-ion batteries, 6 in series and 3 in parallel, was first charged and discharged without any cooling system and then with the addition of PCM at a current strength of 1C, and the effect of the BTMS was examined. It has been observed that the BTMS has a positive effect of approximately 8% for charging experiments and 23% for discharge experiments in terms of the maximum temperature value in the battery pack.

Keywords

• Battery thermal management system
• Electric vehicles
• Phase change materials

Faz Değişim Malzemesi Olarak Parafinin Bir Batarya Termal Yönetim Sisteminin Soğutma Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisinin Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi

Abstract

İçten yanmalı motorlar (İYM'ler) büyük ölçüde fosil yakıtlara bağımlıdır ve hem fosil yakıtların tükenme riski hem de içten yanmalı motorların yaydığı zararlı egzoz emisyonları araştırmacıları elektrikli araçlara (EA) ilgi duymaya yöneltmiştir. Elektrikli araç sektörünün her geçen gün gelişmesiyle birlikte, elektrikli araçların en önemli bileşeni olan pillerin yüksek sıcaklık sorununun çözümünde batarya termal yönetim sistemleri (BTYS) vazgeçilmez hale gelmiştir. Elektrikli araçların maliyeti ve güvenilirliği, kullanılan pil paketinin ömrü, kapasitesi, şarj süresi, dayanıklılığı ve garanti maliyeti gibi parametrelerden etkilenmektedir. Batarya paketinde üretilen ısı, aktif soğutmada gaz veya sıvı soğutmayla, pasif soğutmada ise faz değiştiren malzemeler (FDM) ile uzaklaştırılır. FDM'lerin enerji depolama yoğunluğunun yüksek olması ve FDM'ler kullanılarak yapılan soğutmada fan veya pompa gücüne ihtiyaç duyulmaması, FDM'lerin batarya termal yönetim sistemlerinde tercih edilmesinin nedenlerinden bazılarıdır. Bu çalışmada, 6'sı seri, 3'ü paralel olmak üzere 18 adet lityum iyon pilden oluşan bir pil paketi, önce herhangi bir soğutma sistemi olmadan, ardından 1C akım gücünde FDM ilavesi ile şarj ve deşarj edilmiş ve batarya termal yönetim sisteminin etkisi incelenmiştir. BTYS'nin batarya paketindeki maksimum sıcaklık değeri açısından şarj deneylerinde yaklaşık %8, deşarj deneylerinde ise %23 oranında pozitif etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

• Batarya termal yönetim sistemi
• Elektrikli araçlar
• Faz değiştiren malzemeler

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