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Effects Of Urban Parks On Urban Ecology: A Case Study On The City Of Eskisehir

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 535 - 543, 22.06.2015

Öz

Fast population increase, dense housing and defective urban planning, which are the main environmental problems, cause destruction of urban ecologic balance. Urban open green area systems have substantial functions such as balancing defective relationship between humans and nature and improvement of urban living conditions. Parks are components of open green area system having vital contributions for the habitability of cities, protection of ecological environment, urban aesthetics, education and recreation. Parks have multiple functions within the urban texture and are recreation areas enabling urban relaxation and entertainment. The most extensive recreation units serving the entire city and satisfying the needs of relaxation, entertainment and social activities of individuals are defined as ‘Urban Parks’. Urban parks are significant habitats affect not only human living quality but also enable protection and development of wild life. In this research, urban park, one of the urban ecosystem services in the city local factors of urban ecology urban parks and their environmental impacts (air filtering, noise filtering, microclimate stabilization, as a green infrastructure, social and psychological services,) are evaulated in the example of  city of Eskisehir in Turkey. Characteristics of urban parks, which are the living texture of cities and have various functions, are discussed and their place and significance within urban ecology are emphasized. As a result, suggestions are developed for approaching sustainability principal with the ecological foundation in order to improve urban living quality and forming more habitable cities. 

Kaynakça

  • Endliceher et al: Shrinking Cities: Effects on Urban Ecology and Challenges for Urban Development, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften
  • Koninendijk, C. Annerstedt M., Nielsen A., Maruthaveeran S., „A report for IFPRA Benefits of Urban Parks“, Copenhagen and Alnarp, 2013, p:3-4
  • Ulrich, R.S., 1981. Natural versus urban sciences: some psycho-physiological effects. Environ. Behav. 13, 523–556.
  • Anonymous, http://www.eskisehirkulturturizm.gov.tr/ Access Date:18.04.2015
  • Anonymous, (http://www.tepebasi.bel.tr/park/index.html) Access Date:18.04.2015
  • Anonymous, (http://www.eosb.org.tr/eskisehirde_yasam/yesil_alan_ve_parklar_8.html) Access Date:18.04.2015
  • Svensson, M. and Eliasson I., (1997). The importance of green areas for the ventilation of the city, Naturva˚rdsverkets rapport 4779, Stockholm.
  • Stolt, E., 1982. The ability of vegetation in decreasing exposure to car fumes, Göteborgs University
  • Bolund P., Hunhammer S. (1999) , Ecosystem services in urban areas, Ecological Economics 29 (1999) 293-301
  • Bernatzky, A., 1983. The effects of trees on the urban climate. In: Trees in the 21st Century. Academic Publishers, Berkhamster, pp. 59–76
  • Bucur, V., 2006. Urban Forest Acoustics, Springer, Berlin
  • Cohen P., Potcher O, Schnell I., The Impact of an urban park on air pollution and noise levels in the Mediterranean city of Tel-Aviv, Israel, Environmental Pollution 195 (2014) 73-83
  • Naturvardsverket, 1996, Roadnoise. Nordic calculation models). Report 4653, Stockholm, 110 pp.
  • Kommunförbundet, 1998, The Beauty and the noise, Stokholm, 132 pp
  • .
  • Akbari H, Pomerantz M, Taha H (2001) Cool surface and shade trees to reduce energy use and improve air quality in urban areas. Solar Energy 70(3):259–310
  • Dimoudi A, Nikolopoulou M (2003) Vegetation in urban environment: microclimatic analysis and benifits. Energy and Buildings 35:69–76
  • Benedict, Mark A., Edward T. McMahon 2002.“Green Infrastructure: Smart Conservation for the 21st Century.” Renewable Resources Journal 20:3:12-17
  • Anonymous, https://www.planning.org/cityparks/briefingpapers/greeninfrastructure.htm Access Date:17.05.2015
  • Sadeghian, M, Vardanyan, Z, (2013), The Benefits of Urban Parks, a Review of Urban Research Mohammad Journal of Novel Applied Sciences 2013-2-8/231-237 ISSN 2322-5149
  • Anonymous, http://www.ntv.com.tr/arsiv/id/25128140/ Access Date:17.05.2015

Kent Parklarının Kent Ekolojisi Üzerine Etkileri: Eskişehir Örneği

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 535 - 543, 22.06.2015

Öz

Çevre sorunlarının başında yer alan hızlı nüfus artışı, yoğun yapılaşma ve hatalı kent planlamaları, kentsel ekolojik dengenin bozulmasına neden olmaktadır. Kentsel açık yeşil alan sistemleri, insan ve doğa arasındaki bozulan ilişkiyi dengelemek ve kentsel yaşam koşullarını iyileştirmek gibi önemli işlevlere sahiptir. Kentlerin yaşanabilirliği, ekolojik çevre koruması, kent estetiği, eğitim ve rekreasyon gibi kent üzerinde önemli katkıları bulunan parklar, açık yeşil alan sisteminin bileşenleridir. Kentsel doku içinde birçok fonksiyona sahip olan parklar, kentsel dinlenme ve eğlenmeye olanak sağlayan rekreasyon alanlarıdır. Kentin tümüne hizmet veren ve bireylerin dinlenme, eğlenme ve sosyal etkinliklere katılma ihtiyacını karşılayan en kapsamlı rekreasyon birimleri ‘Kent Parkları’ olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Kent parkları sadece insan yaşam kalitesi üzerinde değil, yaban hayatının korunması ve geliştirilmesini sağlayan önemli habitatlardır. Bu çalışmada kent ekolojisi servislerinden biri olan kent parkları, hava filtreleme, gürültü perdeleme, mikro iklim düzenleme, rekreasyon ve kültürel kalite, sosyal ve psikolojik etkileri Türkiye’nin Eskişehir kentinde yer alan kent parkları örnekleri üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Kentin yaşayan dokusu olan, çeşitli fonksiyonlara sahip kent parklarının özellikleri irdelenerek, kent ekolojisi içinde yeri ve önemi vurgulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak kentsel yaşam kalitesinin arttırılması ve daha yaşanabilir kentler oluşturmak için sürdürülebilirlik ilkesinin ekolojik temel ile ele alınması ile ilgili öneriler geliştirilmiştir

Kaynakça

  • Endliceher et al: Shrinking Cities: Effects on Urban Ecology and Challenges for Urban Development, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften
  • Koninendijk, C. Annerstedt M., Nielsen A., Maruthaveeran S., „A report for IFPRA Benefits of Urban Parks“, Copenhagen and Alnarp, 2013, p:3-4
  • Ulrich, R.S., 1981. Natural versus urban sciences: some psycho-physiological effects. Environ. Behav. 13, 523–556.
  • Anonymous, http://www.eskisehirkulturturizm.gov.tr/ Access Date:18.04.2015
  • Anonymous, (http://www.tepebasi.bel.tr/park/index.html) Access Date:18.04.2015
  • Anonymous, (http://www.eosb.org.tr/eskisehirde_yasam/yesil_alan_ve_parklar_8.html) Access Date:18.04.2015
  • Svensson, M. and Eliasson I., (1997). The importance of green areas for the ventilation of the city, Naturva˚rdsverkets rapport 4779, Stockholm.
  • Stolt, E., 1982. The ability of vegetation in decreasing exposure to car fumes, Göteborgs University
  • Bolund P., Hunhammer S. (1999) , Ecosystem services in urban areas, Ecological Economics 29 (1999) 293-301
  • Bernatzky, A., 1983. The effects of trees on the urban climate. In: Trees in the 21st Century. Academic Publishers, Berkhamster, pp. 59–76
  • Bucur, V., 2006. Urban Forest Acoustics, Springer, Berlin
  • Cohen P., Potcher O, Schnell I., The Impact of an urban park on air pollution and noise levels in the Mediterranean city of Tel-Aviv, Israel, Environmental Pollution 195 (2014) 73-83
  • Naturvardsverket, 1996, Roadnoise. Nordic calculation models). Report 4653, Stockholm, 110 pp.
  • Kommunförbundet, 1998, The Beauty and the noise, Stokholm, 132 pp
  • .
  • Akbari H, Pomerantz M, Taha H (2001) Cool surface and shade trees to reduce energy use and improve air quality in urban areas. Solar Energy 70(3):259–310
  • Dimoudi A, Nikolopoulou M (2003) Vegetation in urban environment: microclimatic analysis and benifits. Energy and Buildings 35:69–76
  • Benedict, Mark A., Edward T. McMahon 2002.“Green Infrastructure: Smart Conservation for the 21st Century.” Renewable Resources Journal 20:3:12-17
  • Anonymous, https://www.planning.org/cityparks/briefingpapers/greeninfrastructure.htm Access Date:17.05.2015
  • Sadeghian, M, Vardanyan, Z, (2013), The Benefits of Urban Parks, a Review of Urban Research Mohammad Journal of Novel Applied Sciences 2013-2-8/231-237 ISSN 2322-5149
  • Anonymous, http://www.ntv.com.tr/arsiv/id/25128140/ Access Date:17.05.2015
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Aysun Tuna

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Haziran 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Tuna, A. (2015). Effects Of Urban Parks On Urban Ecology: A Case Study On The City Of Eskisehir. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 3(2), 535-543.
AMA Tuna A. Effects Of Urban Parks On Urban Ecology: A Case Study On The City Of Eskisehir. DÜBİTED. Temmuz 2015;3(2):535-543.
Chicago Tuna, Aysun. “Effects Of Urban Parks On Urban Ecology: A Case Study On The City Of Eskisehir”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 3, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2015): 535-43.
EndNote Tuna A (01 Temmuz 2015) Effects Of Urban Parks On Urban Ecology: A Case Study On The City Of Eskisehir. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 3 2 535–543.
IEEE A. Tuna, “Effects Of Urban Parks On Urban Ecology: A Case Study On The City Of Eskisehir”, DÜBİTED, c. 3, sy. 2, ss. 535–543, 2015.
ISNAD Tuna, Aysun. “Effects Of Urban Parks On Urban Ecology: A Case Study On The City Of Eskisehir”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 3/2 (Temmuz 2015), 535-543.
JAMA Tuna A. Effects Of Urban Parks On Urban Ecology: A Case Study On The City Of Eskisehir. DÜBİTED. 2015;3:535–543.
MLA Tuna, Aysun. “Effects Of Urban Parks On Urban Ecology: A Case Study On The City Of Eskisehir”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 2, 2015, ss. 535-43.
Vancouver Tuna A. Effects Of Urban Parks On Urban Ecology: A Case Study On The City Of Eskisehir. DÜBİTED. 2015;3(2):535-43.