Synthesis of AuPdNi Powders Using an Environmentally Friendly Ultrasound Assisted Extraction for Obtaining Boric Acid from Colemanite: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 1173 - 1184, 31.01.2020

Bahdişen Gezer

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.630708

Öz

In this study, simple ultrasonic assisted extraction was proposed as the environmental method at all stages of catalyst synthesis.A homogeneous catalyst was synthesized from high grade monodisperse gold-palladium-nickel nanoparticles using ultrasonic assisted extraction method (UAE) instead of conventional methods to obtain boric acid from colemanite.The most important advantage of this method is that AuPdNi nanoparticles can be easily separated and used repeatedly for further studies. Because of this feature, increasing amount of boric acid obtained from colemanite using AuPdNi nanocatalyst was investigated.For the test parameters, solvent/solids ratio, pH, extraction time and extraction temperature were used for extraction. Responsive Surface Methodology (RSM) method was used to determine optimum conditions. In this study, it was determined that presence of AuPdNinanocatalyst significantly increased boric acid activity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were performed for the characterization of nanomaterials. According to the results of the RSM test program, boric acid yield was found to be 95.73% with the aid of AuPdNi nanocatalyst.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Colemanite, Ultrasound-assistedextraction, Central composite design, Optimization, AuPdNi nanocatalyst

Çevre Dostu Ultrasonik Destekli Ekstraksiyon kullanılarak AuPdNi Tozlarının Sentezi ve Kolemanit’ten Borik Asit Elde Edilmesi: Tepki Yüzey Metodolojisi İle Optimizasyonu

Öz

Bu çalışmada, katalizör sentezinin tüm aşamalarında çevresel yöntem olarak basit ultrasonik destekli ekstraksiyon önerildi.Kolemanitten borik asit elde etmek için geleneksel yöntemler yerine ultrasonik destekli ekstraksiyon yöntemi (UAE) kullanılarak, yüksek dereceli monodispers altın-paladyum-nikel nanoparçacıklarından homojen bir katalizör sentezlendi. Bu yöntemin en önemli avantajı, AuPdNi nanopartiküllerinin kolayca ayrılabilmesi ve ileriki çalışmalar için tekrar tekrar kullanılmasıdır. Bu özellik nedeniyle AuPdNi nanokatalizörü kullanılarak kolemanitten borik asit elde etme miktarının artması incelenmiştir. Ekstraksiyon için çözücü/katı madde oranı, pH, ekstraksiyon süresi ve ekstraksiyon sıcaklığı kullanılmıştır. Optimum koşulları belirlemek için Duyarlı Yüzey Metodolojisi (RSM) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, AuPdNi nanokatalizör varlığının borik asit aktivitesini anlamlı şekilde arttırdığı tespit edildi. Nanomalzemelerin karakterizasyonu için transmisyon elektron mikroskopisi (TEM), X-ışını kırınımı (XRD) ve Fourier dönüşümü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FTIR) analizleri yapıldı. RSM test programının sonuçlarına göre, AuPdNi nanokatalizör yardımı ile borik asit verimi % 95.73 olarak bulundu.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kolemanit, Ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon, Merkezi kompozit tasarım, Optimizasyon, AuPdNi nanokatalizör

Kaynakça

• [1] R. Boncukoğlu, M. M. Kocakerim and H. Erşahan, "Upgrading of the reactor waste obtained during borax production from tincal," Mineral Engineering, vol. 12, pp. 1275–80, 1999.
• [2] R. F. Moseman, "Chemical disposition of Boron in animals and humans," Environmental Health Perspect, vol. 102, pp. 113-117, 1994.
• [3] H. Ucbeyiay and A. Ozkan, "Two-stage shear flocculation for enrichment of fine boron ore containing colemanite," Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 132, pp. 302-308, 2014.
• [4] B. Kuskay and A. N. Bulutcu, "Design parameters of boric acid production process from colemanite ore in the presence of propionic acid," Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, vol. 50, pp. 377-383, 2011.
• [5] M. S. Celik, M. Hancer and J. D. Miller, "Flotation chemistry of boron minerals," Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 256, pp. 121-131, 2002.
• [6] S. Levent, A. Budak, M. Y. Pamukoğlu and M. Gönen, "Extraction of boric acid from tincal mineral by supercritical ethanol," The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, vol. 109, pp. 67-73, 2016.
• [7] A. Gür, "Dissolution mechanism of colemanite in sulphuric acid solutions," Korean Journal Chemistry Engineer, vol. 24, pp. 588-59, 2007.
• [8] M. Yeşilyurt, "Determination of the optimum conditions for the boric acid extraction from colemanite ore in HNO3 solutions," Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, vol. 43, pp. 1189-1194, 2004.
• [9] M. Yesilyurt, S. Çolak, T. Çalban and Y. Genel, "Determination of the optimum conditions for the dissolution of colemanite in H3PO4 solutions," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 44, pp. 3761-3765, 2005.
• [10] S. Koca and M. Savas, "Contact angle measurements at the colemanite and realgar surfaces," Applied Surface Science, vol. 225, pp. 347-355, 2004.
• [11] M. Ramić, S. Vidović, Z. Zeković, J. Vladić, A. Cvejin and B. Pavlić, "Modeling and optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from aronia melanocarpa by-products from filter-tea factory," Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, vol. 23, pp. 360-368, 2015.
• [12] J. Luque-Garcia and M. L. de Castro, "Continuous ultrasound-assisted extraction of hexavalent chromium from soil with or without on-line preconcentration prior to photometric monitoring," Analyst, vol. 127, pp. 1115-1120, 2002.
• [13] J. M. Roldán-Gutiérrez, J. Ruiz-Jiménez and M. L. De Castro, "Ultrasound-assisted dynamic extraction of valuable compounds from aromatic plants and flowers as compared with steam istillation and superheated liquid extraction," Talanta, vol. 75, pp. 1369-1375, 2006.
• [14] N. Demirkıran, "A study on dissolution of ulexite in ammonium acetate solutions," Chemistry. Engineer Journal, vol. 141, pp. 180–186, 2008.
• [15] H. T. Dogan and A. Yartası, "Kinetic investigation of reaction between ulexite ore and phosphoric acid," Hydrometallurgy, vol. 96, pp. 294–299, 2009.
• [16] V. M. Shinde and G. Madras, "Kinetics of carbon monoxide oxidation with Sn0. 95M0.05O2-θ (M = Cu, Fe, Mn, Co) catalysts," Catalyst Science Technology, vol. 2, pp. 437–446, 2012.
• [17] A. I. Khuri, "A measure of rotatability for response surface designs," Technometrics, vol. 30, pp. 95– 104, 1998.
• [18] A. Bulutcu, C. Ertekin and M. K. Celikoyan, "Impurity control in the production of boric acid from colemanite in the presence of propionic acid," Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, vol. 47, pp. 2270-2274, 2008.
• [19] L. Alexander and H. P. Klug, "Determination of crystallite size with the X-ray spectrometer," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 137, 1950.
• [20] Z. L. Liu, X. Y. Ling, X. D. Su and J. Y. Lee, "Carbon-supported Pt and PtRu nanoparticles as catalysts for a direct methanol fuel cell," Journal Physics Chemistry B, vol. 108, pp. 8234–8240, 2004.
• [21] J. Tang and Y. Yamauchi, "Carbon materials: MOF morphologies in control," Nature Chemistry, vol. 8, pp. 638–639, 2016.
• [22] A. Joglekar and A. May, "Product excellence through design of experiments," Cereal Foods World, vol. 32, pp. 857-864, 1987.
• [23] G. E. P. Box and D. W. Behnken, "Some new three‐level designs for the study of quantitative variables," Technometrics, vol. 2, pp. 455– 475, 1960.
• [24] C. Eymir Tekin and H. Okur, "Investigation of the dissolution of colemanite ore in water and boric acid solutions including highly acidic ion exchangers under microwave heating," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 50, pp. 11833-11842, 2011.
• [25] N. Taylan, H. Gürbüz and A. N. Bulutcu, "Effects of ultrasound on the reaction step of boric acid production process from colemanite," Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, vol. 14, pp. 633-638, 2007.
• [26] C. Cojocaru, M. Khayet, G. Zakrzewska-Trznadel and A. Jaworska, "Modeling and multi-response optimization of pervaporation of organic aqueous solutions using desirability function approach," Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 167, pp. 52-63, 2009.
• [27] S. U. Bayca, "Microwave radiation leaching of colemanite in sulfuric acid solutions," Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 105, pp. 24-32, 2013.
• [28] A. Künkül, N. E. Aslan, A. Ekmekyapar and N. Demirkıran, "Boric acid extraction from calcined colemanite with ammonium carbonate solutions," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 51, pp. 3612-3618, 2012.
• [29] J. An and X. Xue, "Life cycle environmental impact assessment of borax and boric acid production in China," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 66, pp. 121-127, 2014.