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Additive Manufacturing via Vat Photopolymerization

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 914 - 928, 30.04.2022

Ümit Gencay Başcı , Rıdvan Yamanoğlu

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.922415
Cited By: 1

Öz

Vat photopolymerization (VP), one of the additive manufacturing technologies, is spreading rapidly due to its many advantages. SL (Stereolitography) technology as the first manufacturing method has been used for prototyping and new product development. In the following years, with the development of DLP (Digital Light Processing) and CLIP (Continuous Light Interphase Printing) technologies, it has been started to be used in the production of plastic parts for low volume applications. VP technologies provides lower roughness, better dimensional accuracy than other plastic addtive manufacturing methods. The fact that VP technologies allow direct manufacturing of complex parts makes their usage widespread in areas such as aviation, automotive, healthcare, dendistry and jewellery. With the use of materials specially developed for the application, VP technologies are used in areas such as lost wax casting, rapid tooling, orthodontic molds and drilling guides. Open source cheap desktop 3D printers has been introduced to the market after the commercial patent of SL technologies expires. In this way, VP technologies has entered our homes. In this study, detailed information about VP technologies and their application areas has been revealed.

Kaynakça

  • [1] M. B. Kumar ve P. Sathiya, “Methods and materials for additive manufacturing: A critical review on advancements and challenges,” Thin-Walled Structures, ss. 107-228, 2020.
  • [2] G. Özer, “Eklemeli üretim teknolojileri üzerine bir derleme”, Niğde Kemal Hasdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 9, s. 1, ss. 606-621, 2020,
  • [3] G. A. Appuhamillage, N. Chartrain, V. Meenakshisundaram, K. D. Feller, C. B.Williams ve T. E. Long, “110th Anniversary: Vat Photopolymerization-Based Additive Manufacturing: Current Trends and Future Directions in Materials Design,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, c. 58, s. 33, ss. 15109-15118, 2019.
  • [4] L. J. Tan, W. Zhu ve K. Zhou, “Recent progress on polymer materials for additive manufacturing,” Anvanced Functional Materials, c. 30, s. 43, ss. 2003062, 2020.
  • [5] C. İ. Çalışkan ve Ü. Arpacıoğlu, “Yapı Üretiminde Eklemeli İmalat Teknolojilerinin Karşılaştırmalı Değerlendirmesi”, c. 25, s. 2, ss. 1117-1136, 2020.
  • [6] G. C. Dumitrescu and I. A. Tanase, “3D printing-a new industrial revolution,” Knowledge Horizons-Economics, c.8, s.1, ss. 32-39, 2016.
  • [7] K. Çelik ve A. Özkan, “Eklemeli İmalat Yöntemleri İle Üretim Ve Onarım Uygulamaları”, c. 5, s. 1, ss. 107-121, 2017.
  • [8] T. Wohlers, ve T. Gornet, Wohlers Report, Wohler Associates Inc., USA, 2016.
  • [9] H. K. Sürmen, “Eklemeli İmalat (3b Baskı): Teknolojiler Ve Uygulamalar”, c. 24 s. 2, ss. 373-392.
  • [10] W. Piedra-Cascon, V. R. Krishnamurthy, W. Att ve M. Revilla-Leon, “3D Printing parameters, supporting structures, slicing, and post-processing procedures of vat-polymerization assitive manufacturing Technologies: A narrative review”, c. 109, ss. 103630, 2021.
  • [11] Adidas 4D Shoes, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.adidas.com/us/4d-shoes, Erişim Tarihi: 2 Mart, 2021.
  • [12] Additive Manufacturing, in General Principles-Terminology, ASTM 52900:2017, 2017.
  • [13] S. A. Tofail, E. P. Koumoulos, A. Bandyopagdhyay, S. Bose, L. O’Donoghue ve C. Charitidis, “Additive manufacturing: scientific and technological challenges, market uptake and opportunities,” Materials Today, c. 21, s. 1, ss. 22-37, 2018.
  • [14] U. G. Başcı, R. Yamanoğlu, “Eklemeli Metal İmalat Teknolojileri Ve Uygulama Alanları,” IMASCON, Kocaeli, Türkiye, 2020, ss. 307-314.
  • [15] B. Berman, “3-D printing: The new industrial revolution,” Business Horizons, c. 55, s. 2, ss. 155-162, 2012.
  • [16] M. Attaran, “The rise of 3-D printing: The advantages of additive manufacturing over traditional manufacturing,” Business Horizons, c. 60, s. 5, ss. 677-688, 2017.
  • [17] P. Wu, J. Wang and X. Wang, “A critical review of the use of 3-D printing in the construction industry,” Automation in Contsruction, c. 68, ss. 21-31, 2016.
  • [18] Vault Supercharges Pre-Production with 3D Systems’s SLA, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.3dsystems.com/customer-stories/vault-supercharges-pre-production-3d-systems-sla, Erişim Tarihi: 13 Ocak, 2021.
  • [19] 3D Systems SL Materials, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.3dsystems.com/search?search_api_fulltext=SL%20materials&dFR[technologies][0]=Stereolithography%20%28SLA%29, Erişim Tarihi: 13 Ocak, 2021.
  • [20] H. Quan, T. Zhang, H. Xu, S. Luo, J. Nie ve X. Zhu, “Photo-curing 3D printing technique and its challenges,” Bioactive Materials, c. 5, s. 1 ss. 110-115, 2020.
  • [21] D. Holley, “Carbon3D Gains Google’s $100M Backing for 3-D Printing Tech,” [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://xconomy.com/san-francisco/2015/08/20/carbon-3d-gains-googles-100m-backing-for-3-d-printing-tech/, Erişim Tarihi: 13 Ocak 2021.
  • [22] F. Cooper, “Do the new, low-cost photopolymer 3D printers now becoming available have a place in the jewelry manufacturing environment,” Santa Fe Symposium, New Mexico, ss. 1-20, 2016.
  • [23] 3D Printing Materiasl for Real-World, Applications, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.carbon3d.com/materials/, Erişim Tarihi: 11 Ocak 2021.
  • [24] C. W. Hull, S. Clarita, B. Modrek, B. Parker, R. S. Freed, T. Almquist, S. Gabriel, S. T. Spence, S. Pasadena, D.J. Albert, D. R. Smalley, B. Park, R. A. Harlow, M. D. Rey, P. Stinebaugh, H. L. Tarnoff, V. Nuys, H. D. Nguyen, C. W. Lewis, L. Rock, T. J. Vorgitch, S. Valley, D. Z. Remba ve W. B. Vinson, “Method and apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography,” 3D Systems, Patent Number US5137662A, United States, August, 11, 1992.
  • [25] 2021 Best DLP 3D Printer – The Ultimate Buyer’s Guide, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://pick3dprinter.com/dlp-3d-printer/, Erişim Tarihi: 13 Ocak 2021.
  • [26] Zortrax Resin Products , [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi : https://zortrax.com/resins/, Erişim Tarihi: 25 Ekim 2021
  • [27] Lotus F1 Team and 3D Systems move together towards 3D printed race-ready mass production of parts, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.3dsystems.com/learning-center/case-studies/lotus-f1-team-and-3d-systems-move-together-towards-race-ready-mass, Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ocak 2021.
  • [28] SLA Prototype produced by Somos WaterClear Ultra 10122, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.spring-italia.com/product/somos-waterclear-ultra-10122/?lang=en, Erişim Tarihi: 28 Ocak 2021.
  • [29] LGM Delivers Large Scale Appearance Model in Record Time with 3D Systems On Demand, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.3dsystems.com/customer-stories/lgm-delivers-large-scale-appearance-model-record-time-demand-manufacturing, Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ocak 2021.
  • [30] S. Negi, S. Dhiman ve R. K. Sharma, “Basics, applications and future of additive manufacturing technologies: A review,” Journal of Manufacturing Technology Research, c. 5, s. 1/2, ss. 75-96, 2013.
  • [31] M. Bilgin, S. Baytaroğlu, E. N. Erdem ve A. E. Dilber, “A review of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture techniques for removable denture fabrication,” European Journal of Dendistry, c. 10, s. 2, ss. 286, 2016.
  • [32] R. V. Noort, “The future of dental devices is digital,” Dental Materials, c. 28, s. 1, ss. 3-12, 2012.
  • [33] Jewelry 3D Printing: Basic Design Parameters, Supports, and Orientation, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://3d.formlabs.com/rs/060-UIG-504/images/Jewelry-3D-Printing-Basic-Design-Parameters-Supports-Orientation.pdf?mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiTldSbU9HSmhNRFE1WldWaSIsInQiOiJSVnh2NURxYnBlc3lqTFJWb21yWjlydHZOSVpYN2NkSTBkR014ZlZKUjNLNGt1ejgyYnV1U0FJSHdETW1BVVRiM09cL2lsd1V1SVRGNnNSNHVzQm4zbXlFM2RsVUtXZXNQdE9FaTRuVVdlTUdJVWJVN003eFFaZW96MlRRS0l1T20ifQ%3D%3D, Erişim Tarihi: 28 Ocak 2021, 2017.
  • [34] S. K. Turbush ve I. Turkyilmaz, “Accuracy of three different types of stereolithographic surgical guide in implant placement: an in vitro study,” Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, c. 108, s. 3, ss. 181-188, 2012.
  • [35] W. Piedra-Cascón, M. Sadeghpour, A. Wael ve M. Revilla-Leon, “A vat-polymerized 3-dimensionally printed dual-material occlusal device: A dental technique,” Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.07.011, c. 125, s. 5, ss. 1-5, 2020.
  • [36] W. Geng, C. Liu, Y. Su, J. Li ve Y. Zhou, “Accuracy of different types of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing surgical guides for dental implant placement,” İnternational Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, c.8, s. 6, ss. 8442-8449, 2015.
  • [37] C. K. Chua, C. S. Meng, L. S. Ching, K. E. Hoe ve L. K. Fah, “Rapid prototyping assisted surgery planning,” The International Journal of Anvanced Manufacturing Technology, c. 14, s. 9, ss. 624-630, 1998.
  • [38] Low-Volume Rapid Injection Molding With 3D Printed Molds, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://info.asme.org/rs/011BZA849/images/Formlabs_LowVolume%20Rapid%20Injection.pdf?mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiTXpkaU9EbGlNelk0TWpRMCIsInQiOiJicHZiSnZnYmY1RXl0TFwvUlhLWEVUZHIwSkVqRlViOHhENkk0M0g3QVEzRHgrdW1yOG5lT1djMTJqcWtGQmtsb2hWMlhXV1ZOT25EXC91VXQ2TDl2czZvOTZaWEpYN2VER1cwNGZTM2p2ZVwvc1VFMzhkUWMyaTZYRkE2VVdSclVRUCJ9, Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ocak 2021.
  • [39] Carbon Lattice Innovation-adidas Story, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.carbon3d.com/resources/whitepaper/the-adidas-story/, Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ocak 2021.

Havuz Fotopolimerizasyonu (HFP) ile Eklemeli İmalat

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 914 - 928, 30.04.2022

Ümit Gencay Başcı , Rıdvan Yamanoğlu

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.922415
Cited By: 1

Öz

Eklemeli imalat teknolojilerinden biri olan havuz fotopolimerizasyonu (HFP) sahip olduğu birçok avantaj nedeniyle hızla yaygınlaşmaktadır. İlk keşfedilen eklemeli imalat yöntemi olan SL (Stereolitography) keşfedildiği yıllarda prototip imalatı ve ürün geliştirme amaçlı kullanılmaktaydı. Sonraki yıllarda DLP (Digital Light Processing) ve CLIP (Continuous Light Interphase Printing) teknolojilerinin geliştirilmesi ile az adetli uygulamalara yönelik plastik parça imalatında da kullanılmaya başlamıştır. HFP teknolojileri diğer plastik eklemeli imalat teknolojilerine göre daha düşük yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve daha yüksek boyutsal hassasiyet sunmaktadır. HFP teknolojilerinin kompleks parçaların direkt imalatına izin vermesi, havacılık, otomotiv, sağlık, dişçilik, kuyumculuk gibi alanlarda kullanımlarını yaygınlaştırmaktadır. Uygulamaya özel geliştirilmiş malzemelerin kullanımı ile HFP teknolojileri hassas döküm, üretime yardımcı ekipmanlar, ortodonti diş kalıpları ve implant delme aparatları gibi uygulamalarda kullanılmaktadır. SL teknolojisinin ticari patentinin geçerliliğini yitirmesi ile açık kaynak kodlu ucuz masa üstü yazıcılar piyasaya sürülmüştür. Bu sayede HFP teknolojisi evlerimize kadar girmiştir. Bu çalışmada HFP teknolojileri ve kullanım alanları hakkında detaylı bilgiler verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eklemeli İmalat Havuz Fotopolimerizasyonu SLA DLP CLIP

Kaynakça

  • [1] M. B. Kumar ve P. Sathiya, “Methods and materials for additive manufacturing: A critical review on advancements and challenges,” Thin-Walled Structures, ss. 107-228, 2020.
  • [2] G. Özer, “Eklemeli üretim teknolojileri üzerine bir derleme”, Niğde Kemal Hasdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 9, s. 1, ss. 606-621, 2020,
  • [3] G. A. Appuhamillage, N. Chartrain, V. Meenakshisundaram, K. D. Feller, C. B.Williams ve T. E. Long, “110th Anniversary: Vat Photopolymerization-Based Additive Manufacturing: Current Trends and Future Directions in Materials Design,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, c. 58, s. 33, ss. 15109-15118, 2019.
  • [4] L. J. Tan, W. Zhu ve K. Zhou, “Recent progress on polymer materials for additive manufacturing,” Anvanced Functional Materials, c. 30, s. 43, ss. 2003062, 2020.
  • [5] C. İ. Çalışkan ve Ü. Arpacıoğlu, “Yapı Üretiminde Eklemeli İmalat Teknolojilerinin Karşılaştırmalı Değerlendirmesi”, c. 25, s. 2, ss. 1117-1136, 2020.
  • [6] G. C. Dumitrescu and I. A. Tanase, “3D printing-a new industrial revolution,” Knowledge Horizons-Economics, c.8, s.1, ss. 32-39, 2016.
  • [7] K. Çelik ve A. Özkan, “Eklemeli İmalat Yöntemleri İle Üretim Ve Onarım Uygulamaları”, c. 5, s. 1, ss. 107-121, 2017.
  • [8] T. Wohlers, ve T. Gornet, Wohlers Report, Wohler Associates Inc., USA, 2016.
  • [9] H. K. Sürmen, “Eklemeli İmalat (3b Baskı): Teknolojiler Ve Uygulamalar”, c. 24 s. 2, ss. 373-392.
  • [10] W. Piedra-Cascon, V. R. Krishnamurthy, W. Att ve M. Revilla-Leon, “3D Printing parameters, supporting structures, slicing, and post-processing procedures of vat-polymerization assitive manufacturing Technologies: A narrative review”, c. 109, ss. 103630, 2021.
  • [11] Adidas 4D Shoes, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.adidas.com/us/4d-shoes, Erişim Tarihi: 2 Mart, 2021.
  • [12] Additive Manufacturing, in General Principles-Terminology, ASTM 52900:2017, 2017.
  • [13] S. A. Tofail, E. P. Koumoulos, A. Bandyopagdhyay, S. Bose, L. O’Donoghue ve C. Charitidis, “Additive manufacturing: scientific and technological challenges, market uptake and opportunities,” Materials Today, c. 21, s. 1, ss. 22-37, 2018.
  • [14] U. G. Başcı, R. Yamanoğlu, “Eklemeli Metal İmalat Teknolojileri Ve Uygulama Alanları,” IMASCON, Kocaeli, Türkiye, 2020, ss. 307-314.
  • [15] B. Berman, “3-D printing: The new industrial revolution,” Business Horizons, c. 55, s. 2, ss. 155-162, 2012.
  • [16] M. Attaran, “The rise of 3-D printing: The advantages of additive manufacturing over traditional manufacturing,” Business Horizons, c. 60, s. 5, ss. 677-688, 2017.
  • [17] P. Wu, J. Wang and X. Wang, “A critical review of the use of 3-D printing in the construction industry,” Automation in Contsruction, c. 68, ss. 21-31, 2016.
  • [18] Vault Supercharges Pre-Production with 3D Systems’s SLA, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.3dsystems.com/customer-stories/vault-supercharges-pre-production-3d-systems-sla, Erişim Tarihi: 13 Ocak, 2021.
  • [19] 3D Systems SL Materials, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.3dsystems.com/search?search_api_fulltext=SL%20materials&dFR[technologies][0]=Stereolithography%20%28SLA%29, Erişim Tarihi: 13 Ocak, 2021.
  • [20] H. Quan, T. Zhang, H. Xu, S. Luo, J. Nie ve X. Zhu, “Photo-curing 3D printing technique and its challenges,” Bioactive Materials, c. 5, s. 1 ss. 110-115, 2020.
  • [21] D. Holley, “Carbon3D Gains Google’s $100M Backing for 3-D Printing Tech,” [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://xconomy.com/san-francisco/2015/08/20/carbon-3d-gains-googles-100m-backing-for-3-d-printing-tech/, Erişim Tarihi: 13 Ocak 2021.
  • [22] F. Cooper, “Do the new, low-cost photopolymer 3D printers now becoming available have a place in the jewelry manufacturing environment,” Santa Fe Symposium, New Mexico, ss. 1-20, 2016.
  • [23] 3D Printing Materiasl for Real-World, Applications, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.carbon3d.com/materials/, Erişim Tarihi: 11 Ocak 2021.
  • [24] C. W. Hull, S. Clarita, B. Modrek, B. Parker, R. S. Freed, T. Almquist, S. Gabriel, S. T. Spence, S. Pasadena, D.J. Albert, D. R. Smalley, B. Park, R. A. Harlow, M. D. Rey, P. Stinebaugh, H. L. Tarnoff, V. Nuys, H. D. Nguyen, C. W. Lewis, L. Rock, T. J. Vorgitch, S. Valley, D. Z. Remba ve W. B. Vinson, “Method and apparatus for production of three-dimensional objects by stereolithography,” 3D Systems, Patent Number US5137662A, United States, August, 11, 1992.
  • [25] 2021 Best DLP 3D Printer – The Ultimate Buyer’s Guide, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://pick3dprinter.com/dlp-3d-printer/, Erişim Tarihi: 13 Ocak 2021.
  • [26] Zortrax Resin Products , [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi : https://zortrax.com/resins/, Erişim Tarihi: 25 Ekim 2021
  • [27] Lotus F1 Team and 3D Systems move together towards 3D printed race-ready mass production of parts, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.3dsystems.com/learning-center/case-studies/lotus-f1-team-and-3d-systems-move-together-towards-race-ready-mass, Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ocak 2021.
  • [28] SLA Prototype produced by Somos WaterClear Ultra 10122, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.spring-italia.com/product/somos-waterclear-ultra-10122/?lang=en, Erişim Tarihi: 28 Ocak 2021.
  • [29] LGM Delivers Large Scale Appearance Model in Record Time with 3D Systems On Demand, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.3dsystems.com/customer-stories/lgm-delivers-large-scale-appearance-model-record-time-demand-manufacturing, Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ocak 2021.
  • [30] S. Negi, S. Dhiman ve R. K. Sharma, “Basics, applications and future of additive manufacturing technologies: A review,” Journal of Manufacturing Technology Research, c. 5, s. 1/2, ss. 75-96, 2013.
  • [31] M. Bilgin, S. Baytaroğlu, E. N. Erdem ve A. E. Dilber, “A review of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture techniques for removable denture fabrication,” European Journal of Dendistry, c. 10, s. 2, ss. 286, 2016.
  • [32] R. V. Noort, “The future of dental devices is digital,” Dental Materials, c. 28, s. 1, ss. 3-12, 2012.
  • [33] Jewelry 3D Printing: Basic Design Parameters, Supports, and Orientation, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://3d.formlabs.com/rs/060-UIG-504/images/Jewelry-3D-Printing-Basic-Design-Parameters-Supports-Orientation.pdf?mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiTldSbU9HSmhNRFE1WldWaSIsInQiOiJSVnh2NURxYnBlc3lqTFJWb21yWjlydHZOSVpYN2NkSTBkR014ZlZKUjNLNGt1ejgyYnV1U0FJSHdETW1BVVRiM09cL2lsd1V1SVRGNnNSNHVzQm4zbXlFM2RsVUtXZXNQdE9FaTRuVVdlTUdJVWJVN003eFFaZW96MlRRS0l1T20ifQ%3D%3D, Erişim Tarihi: 28 Ocak 2021, 2017.
  • [34] S. K. Turbush ve I. Turkyilmaz, “Accuracy of three different types of stereolithographic surgical guide in implant placement: an in vitro study,” Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, c. 108, s. 3, ss. 181-188, 2012.
  • [35] W. Piedra-Cascón, M. Sadeghpour, A. Wael ve M. Revilla-Leon, “A vat-polymerized 3-dimensionally printed dual-material occlusal device: A dental technique,” Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.07.011, c. 125, s. 5, ss. 1-5, 2020.
  • [36] W. Geng, C. Liu, Y. Su, J. Li ve Y. Zhou, “Accuracy of different types of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing surgical guides for dental implant placement,” İnternational Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, c.8, s. 6, ss. 8442-8449, 2015.
  • [37] C. K. Chua, C. S. Meng, L. S. Ching, K. E. Hoe ve L. K. Fah, “Rapid prototyping assisted surgery planning,” The International Journal of Anvanced Manufacturing Technology, c. 14, s. 9, ss. 624-630, 1998.
  • [38] Low-Volume Rapid Injection Molding With 3D Printed Molds, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://info.asme.org/rs/011BZA849/images/Formlabs_LowVolume%20Rapid%20Injection.pdf?mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiTXpkaU9EbGlNelk0TWpRMCIsInQiOiJicHZiSnZnYmY1RXl0TFwvUlhLWEVUZHIwSkVqRlViOHhENkk0M0g3QVEzRHgrdW1yOG5lT1djMTJqcWtGQmtsb2hWMlhXV1ZOT25EXC91VXQ2TDl2czZvOTZaWEpYN2VER1cwNGZTM2p2ZVwvc1VFMzhkUWMyaTZYRkE2VVdSclVRUCJ9, Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ocak 2021.
  • [39] Carbon Lattice Innovation-adidas Story, [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim Adresi: https://www.carbon3d.com/resources/whitepaper/the-adidas-story/, Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ocak 2021.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ümit Gencay Başcı 0000-0001-7205-2764

Rıdvan Yamanoğlu 0000-0002-4661-8215

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Başcı, Ü. G., & Yamanoğlu, R. (2022). Havuz Fotopolimerizasyonu (HFP) ile Eklemeli İmalat. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 10(2), 914-928. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.922415
AMA Başcı ÜG, Yamanoğlu R. Havuz Fotopolimerizasyonu (HFP) ile Eklemeli İmalat. DÜBİTED. Nisan 2022;10(2):914-928. doi:10.29130/dubited.922415
Chicago Başcı, Ümit Gencay, ve Rıdvan Yamanoğlu. “Havuz Fotopolimerizasyonu (HFP) Ile Eklemeli İmalat”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 10, sy. 2 (Nisan 2022): 914-28. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.922415.
EndNote Başcı ÜG, Yamanoğlu R (01 Nisan 2022) Havuz Fotopolimerizasyonu (HFP) ile Eklemeli İmalat. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 10 2 914–928.
IEEE Ü. G. Başcı ve R. Yamanoğlu, “Havuz Fotopolimerizasyonu (HFP) ile Eklemeli İmalat”, DÜBİTED, c. 10, sy. 2, ss. 914–928, 2022, doi: 10.29130/dubited.922415.
ISNAD Başcı, Ümit Gencay - Yamanoğlu, Rıdvan. “Havuz Fotopolimerizasyonu (HFP) Ile Eklemeli İmalat”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 10/2 (Nisan 2022), 914-928. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.922415.
JAMA Başcı ÜG, Yamanoğlu R. Havuz Fotopolimerizasyonu (HFP) ile Eklemeli İmalat. DÜBİTED. 2022;10:914–928.
MLA Başcı, Ümit Gencay ve Rıdvan Yamanoğlu. “Havuz Fotopolimerizasyonu (HFP) Ile Eklemeli İmalat”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, c. 10, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 914-28, doi:10.29130/dubited.922415.
Vancouver Başcı ÜG, Yamanoğlu R. Havuz Fotopolimerizasyonu (HFP) ile Eklemeli İmalat. DÜBİTED. 2022;10(2):914-28.

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