Tan Spot Disease of Wheat Caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis

Yıl 2022, , 183 - 203, 10.06.2022

Hatice Sevde Yüceler , Aziz Karakaya , Arzu Çelik Oğuz

https://doi.org/10.55007/dufed.1061395

Öz

Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (asexual stage: Drechslera tritici-repentis) is an important disease agent that causes tan spot disease in wheat all over the world. Pyrenophora tritici-repentis is found in the class Dothideomycetes, which is the largest and most diverse class of Ascomycota fungi. The fungus can reproduce asexually with conidia and sexually with ascospores. Pyrenophora tritici-repentis has a complex race structure. Race identification was based on the production of three host-specific toxins (ToxA, ToxB, ToxC) produced by the pathogen. Recently these are named Necrotrophic Effectors (NE). The race of each effector-producing pathogen is differentiated according to the toxin or combination of toxins it produces. If it does not produce toxins, it is considered an avirulent race. These produced toxins determine the symptoms that will be caused by the pathogen. For the agent to cause disease, the host plant must be susceptible to NEs produced by the race in question. Race identification is made with a differential set and eight races of the pathogen are defined according to this differential set. The differential set consists of six wheat lines and varieties, but only the Glenlea variety and lines 6B365 and 6B662 can effectively separate existing races. This disease, which is also present in Turkey, can affect the leaves as well as the spikes and grains. Symptoms may be necrosis, chlorosis, or both. Brown spots appear first in all symptom cases. In necrosis, the brown spots elongate and enlarge, resulting in lens- or diamond-shaped lesions. These lesions are bordered by yellow halos. In chlorosis, yellow areas are formed that rapidly surround and develop the lesions on the leaf blade. As the lesion grows, it merges with other lesions, forming large and irregularly shaped dead tissues. Symptoms first appear on the older lower leaves and spread to the upper leaves as the disease progresses. The disease can reduce the yield by 50% in susceptible varieties. In order to be able to fight the pathogen effectively, an integrated control using various control methods should be applied. In this review, information about tan spot disease and its control is given.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Drechslera tritici-repentis, Tan spot disease of wheat

Buğdayda Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Tarafından Meydana Getirilen Sarı Leke Hastalığı

Öz

Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, (eşeysiz dönemi: Drechslera tritici-repentis) tüm dünyada buğdayda sarı yaprak lekesi hastalığına neden olan önemli bir fungal patojendir. Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Ascomycota funguslarının en büyük ve çeşitli sınıfı olan Dothideomycetes sınıfında yer alır. Fungus, konidiler ile eşeysiz, askosporlar ile eşeyli çoğalabilir. Pyrenophora tritici-repentis karmaşık bir ırk yapısına sahiptir. Irk ayrımı etmen tarafından üretilen üç adet (ToxA, ToxB, ToxC) artık Nekrotrofik Efektör (NE) olarak isimlendirilen konukçuya spesifik toksinlerin (KST) üretimine bağlı olarak yapılmıştır. Efektör üreten her izolatın ırkı ürettiği toksin veya toksinlerin kombinasyonuna göre ayrılır ve toksin üretmiyorsa avirülent ırk olarak kabul edilir. Üretilen bu toksinler etmenin neden olacağı belirtiyi tayin eder. Etmenin hastalık yapabilmesi için konukçu bitkinin söz konusu ırk tarafından üretilen NE’lere karşı hassas olması gerekir. Irk ayrımı ayırıcı set ile yapılır ve bu ayırıcı sete göre etmenin sekiz ırkı tanımlanmıştır. Ayırıcı set altı adet buğday hattı ve çeşidinden oluşur ancak sadece Glenlea çeşidi ve 6B365 ile 6B662 hatları mevcut ırkları etkili biçimde ayırabilmektedir. Ülkemizde de mevcut olan bu hastalık yaprakları etkilediği gibi başak ve taneleri de etkilemektedir. Belirtiler nekroz, kloroz ya da her ikisi olabilir. Tüm belirti durumlarında ilk olarak kahverengi benekler oluşur. Nekrozda kahverengi benekler uzar ve genişler, mercek ya da elmas dilimi şeklinde lezyonlar oluşur. Bu lezyonlar sarı haleler ile sınırlandırılır. Klorozda ise yaprak ayasındaki lezyonları hızla çevreleyen ve gelişen sarı alanlar oluşur. Hastalık, hassas çeşitlerde verimi %50 oranında düşürebilir. Patojen ile etkili biçimde mücadele edebilmek için çeşitli mücadele yöntemlerinin birlikte kullanıldığı entegre mücadele uygulanmalıdır. Bu derlemede buğdayda sarı leke hastalığı ve mücadelesi hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Drechslera tritici-repentis, Buğdayda sarı leke hastalığı

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