Araştırma Makalesi
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Aroclor 1254’e Maruz Kalan Elastinin Yapısında Meydana Gelen Değişikliklerin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 137 - 146, 31.12.2020

Öz

Elastin prolin, valin ve glisin aminoasitlerinin yoğun olarak yer aldığı hidrofobik bölge ve alanin aminoasitinin yer aldığı çapraz bağlanma bölgesinden oluşan ve omurgalı canlıların dokularına esneklik ve hareketlilik sağlayan bir protein çeşididir. Elastinde meydana gelecek hasarlar pek çok hastalığa neden olduğundan elastin proteini üzerine çok sayıda araştırma yapılmıştır. Fakat toksik bir maddeye maruz kalan elastinde oluşacak hasarla ilgili çalışmalar literatürde sınırlı sayıdadır. Bu amaçla önemli kalıcı organik kirleticilerden biri olan Aroclor 1254’e maruz kalan elastin proteininin yapısında meydana gelen değişiklikler histopatolojik olarak incelenmiş ve oluşan hasarın konsantrasyona bağlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Dicle Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü

Proje Numarası

FEN.17.025

Teşekkür

Makale, Dicle Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü tarafından desteklenen FEN.17.025 numaralı projeden üretilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • L. Gao, M. Zheng, Y. Lv, Q. Fu, L. Tan, and Q. Zhu, "Continuous Monitoring of Persistent Organic Pollutants in China for the Effectiveness Evaluation of the Stockholm Convention: 2007–2014," in Persistent Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Status and Trends in the Pacific Basin Countries II Temporal Trends: ACS Publications, 2016, pp. 73-102.
  • K. Pěnčíková, L. Svržková, S. Strapáčová, J. Neča, I. Bartoňková, Z. Dvořák, M. Hýžďalová, J. Pivnička, L. Pálková, and H.J. Lehmler, "In vitro profiling of toxic effects of prominent environmental lower-chlorinated PCB congeners linked with endocrine disruption and tumor promotion" Environmental Pollution, vol. 237, pp. 473-486, 2018.
  • B. Škrbić, K. Szyrwińska, N. Đurišić-Mladenović, P. Nowicki, and J. Lulek, "Principal component analysis of indicator PCB profiles in breast milk from Poland," Environment International, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 862-872, 2010.
  • J. Wittsiepe, P. Fürst, P. Schrey, F. Lemm, M. Kraft, G. Eberwein, G. Winneke, and M. Wilhelm, "PCDD/F and dioxin-like PCB in human blood and milk from German mothers," Chemosphere, vol. 67, no. 9, 2007.
  • D. F. Rawn, A. R. Sadler, V. A. Casey, F. Breton, W.-F. Sun, T. E. Arbuckle, and W. D. Fraser, "Dioxins/furans and PCBs in Canadian human milk: 2008–2011," Science of the Total Environment, vol. 595, pp. 269-278, 2017.
  • C. La Rocca and A. Mantovani, "From environment to food: the case of PCB," Annali-Istituto Superiore di Sanita, vol. 42, no. 4, 2006.
  • B. Wahlang, M. Song, J. I. Beier, K. C. Falkner, L. Al-Eryani, H. B. Clair, R. A. Prough, T. S. Osborne, D. E. Malarkey, and J. C. States, "Evaluation of Aroclor 1260 exposure in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease," Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol. 279, no. 3, pp. 380-390, 2014.
  • U. Ahlborg, G. Becking, L. Birnbaum, A. a. Brouwer, H. Derks, M. Feeley, G. Golor, A. Hanberg, J. Larsen, and A. Liem, "Toxic equivalency factors for dioxin-like PCBs," Chemosphere, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 1049-1068, 1994.
  • O. M. Faroon, L. Samuel Keith, C. Smith-Simon, and C. T. De Rosa, Polychlorinated biphenyls: human health aspects. World Health Organization, 2003.
  • B. Mayes, E. Mc Connell, B. Neal, M. Brunner, S. Hamilton, M. Ryan, J. Toft, A. Singer, J. Brown, and R. Menton, "Comparative carcinogenicity in Sprague-Dawley rats of the polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures Aroclors 1016, 1242, 1254, and 1260," Toxicological Sciences, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 62-76, 1998.
  • P. Kodavanti, N. Kannan, N. Yamashita, E. C. Derr-Yellin, T. R. Ward, D. E. Burgin, H. A. Tilson, and L. S. Birnbaum, "Differential effects of two lots of aroclor 1254: congener-specific analysis and neurochemical end points," Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 109, no. 11, p. 1153, 2001.
  • J. Yadav, J. Quensen, J. M. Tiedje, and C. Reddy, "Degradation of polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures (Aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260) by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium as evidenced by congener-specific analysis," Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 2560-2565, 1995.
  • D. Kaya, I. Imamoglu, F. D. Sanin, R. B. Payne, and K. R. Sowers, "Potential risk reduction of Aroclor 1254 by microbial dechlorination in anaerobic Grasse River sediment microcosms," Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 321, pp. 879-887, 2017.
  • W. C. Parks, R. A. Pierce, K. A. Lee, and R. P. Mecham, "Elastin," Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology, vol. 6, pp. 133-181, 1993.
  • C. M. Kielty, M. J. Sherratt, and C. A. Shuttleworth, "Elastic fibres," Journal of Cell Science, vol. 115, no. 14, pp. 2817-2828, 2002.
  • Y. Zou and Y. Zhang, "An experimental and theoretical study on the anisotropy of elastin network," Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 1572-1583, 2009.
  • J. Gosline, M. Lillie, E. Carrington, P. Guerette, C. Ortlepp, and K. Savage, "Elastic proteins: biological roles and mechanical properties," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, vol. 357, no. 1418, pp. 121-132, 2002.
  • D. Sahni, G. Kaur, H. Jit, and I. Jit, "Anatomy & distribution of coronary arteries in pig in comparison with man," Indian Journal of Medical Research, vol. 127, no. 6, p. 564, 2008.
  • S. Bourez, A. Joly, A. Covaci, C. Remacle, Y. Larondelle, Y.-J. Schneider, and C. Debier, "Accumulation capacity of primary cultures of adipocytes for PCB-126: influence of cell differentiation stage and triglyceride levels," Toxicology Letters, vol. 214, no. 3, pp. 243-250, 2012.
  • D. L. Phillips, A. B. Smith, V. W. Burse, G. K. Steele, L. L. Needham, and W. H. Hannon, "Half-life of polychlorinated biphenyls in occupationally exposed workers," Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 351-354, 1989.
  • P. R. Dorneles, P. Sanz, G. Eppe, A. F. Azevedo, C. P. Bertozzi, M. A. Martínez, E. R. Secchi, L. A. Barbosa, M. Cremer, and M. B. Alonso, "High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: a serious PCB problem," Science of the Total Environment, vol. 463, pp. 309-318, 2013.
  • N. Westerhof, N. Stergiopulos, M. I. Noble, and B. E. Westerhof, Snapshots of hemodynamics: an aid for clinical research and graduate education. Springer, 2018.
  • A. Tsamis, A. Rachev, and N. Stergiopulos, "A constituent-based model of age-related changes in conduit arteries," American Journal of Physiology-Heart Circulatory Physiology, vol. 301, no. 4, pp. H1286-H1301, 2011.
  • M. A. Zulliger and N. Stergiopulos, "Structural strain energy function applied to the ageing of the human aorta," Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 40, no. 14, pp. 3061-3069, 2007.
  • G. M. London, S. J. Marchais, A. P. Guerin, and B. Pannier, "Arterial stiffness: pathophysiology and clinical impact," Clinical Experimental Hypertension, vol. 26, no. 7-8, pp. 689-699, 2004.
  • L. Debelle and A. Tamburro, "Elastin: molecular description and function," The international journal of biochemistry cell biology, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 261-272, 1999.
  • L. B. Sandberg, N. T. Soskel, and J. G. Leslie, "Elastin structure, biosynthesis, and relation to disease states," New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 304, no. 10, pp. 566-579, 1981.
  • S. M. Mithieux and A. S. Weiss, "Elastin," Advances in protein chemistry, vol. 70, pp. 437-461, 2005.
  • E. Petersen, F. Wågberg, and K.A. Ängquist, "Serum concentrations of elastin-derived peptides in patients with specific manifestations of atherosclerotic disease," European Journal of Vascular Endovascular Surgery, vol. 24, no.5, pp. 440-444, 2002.
  • B. Vrhovski and A. S. Weiss, "Biochemistry of tropoelastin," European Journal of Biochemistry, vol. 258, no. 1, pp. 1-18, 1998.
  • J. Rosenbloom, W. R. Abrams, and R. Mecham, "Extracellular matrix 4: the elastic fiber," The FASEB Journal, vol. 7, no. 13, pp. 1208-1218, 1993.
  • D. Demin, D. Aladin, N. Deeva, and S. Sevostyanov, "Structural-chemical studies of the destruction of organochlorine compounds," in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019, vol. 525, no. 1: IOP Publishing, p. 012105.
  • R. J. Law, M. Alaee, C. R. Allchin, J. P. Boon, M. Lebeuf, P. Lepom, and G. A. Stern, "Levels and trends of polybrominated diphenylethers and other brominated flame retardants in wildlife," Environment international, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 757-770, 2003.
  • O. Wurl and J. P. Obbard, "Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Singapore’s coastal marine sediments," Chemosphere, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 925-933, 2005.
  • H. C. Freeman, G. Sangalang, and B. Flemming, "The sublethal effects of a polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) diet on the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)," Science of the Total Environment, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 1982.
  • G. Gardner and R. Pruell, "A histopathological and chemical assessment of winter flounder, lobster and soft-shelled clam indigenous to Quincy Bay, Boston Harbor and an in situ evaluation of oysters including sediment (surface and cores) chemistry," Environmental Research Laboratory, Narragansett, RI, 1988.
  • D. Bernet, H. Schmidt, W. Meier, P. Burkhardt‐Holm, and T. Wahli, "Histopathology in fish: proposal for a protocol to assess aquatic pollution," Journal of Fish Diseases, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 25-34, 1999.
  • R. Bumb, W. Crummett, S. Cutie, J. Gledhill, R. Hummel, R. Kagel, L. Lamparski, E. Luoma, D. Miller, and T. Nestrick, "Trace chemistries of fire: a source of chlorinated dioxins," Science, pp. 385-390, 1980.
  • W. Crummett, "Environmental chlorinated dioxins from combustion–The trace chemistries of fire hypothesis," in Chlorinated Dioxins & Related Compounds: Elsevier, 1982, pp. 253-263.
  • H. Muto and Y. Takizawa, "Dioxins in cigarette smoke," Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 171-174, 1989.
  • M. Ball, O. Päpke, and A. Lis, "Polychlordibenzodioxine und Polychlordibenzofurane in Cigarettenrauch," Beiträge zur Tabakforschung international, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 393-402, 1990.
  • G. Löfroth and Y. Zebühr, "Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke," Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 789-794, 1992.
  • U. DHHS, "The Health Consequences of Smoking: Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. A Report of the Surgeon General," 1984.
  • S. Bellofiore, D. Eidelman, P. Macklem, and J. Martin, "Effects of elastase-induced emphysema on airway responsiveness to methacholine in rats," Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 606-612, 1989.
  • E. M. Foekema, C. M. Deerenberg, and A. J. Murk, "Prolonged ELS test with the marine flatfish sole (Solea solea) shows delayed toxic effects of previous exposure to PCB 126," Aquatic Toxicology, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 197-203, 2008.
  • E. Monosson, "Reproductive and developmental effects of PCBs in fish: a synthesis of laboratory and field studies," Reviews in Toxicology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 25-75, 2000.
  • G. Ross, "The public health implications of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment," Ecotoxicology Environmental Safety, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 275-291, 2004.
  • S. Safe, "Clinical correlates of environmental endocrine disruptors," Trends in Endocrinology Metabolism, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 139-144, 2005.
  • L. M. Schell and M. V. Gallo, "Relationships of putative endocrine disruptors to human sexual maturation and thyroid activity in youth," Physiology Behavior, vol. 99, no. 2, pp. 246-253, 2010.
  • V. van Ginneken, A. Palstra, P. Leonards, M. Nieveen, H. van den Berg, G. Flik, T. Spanings, P. Niemantsverdriet, G. van den Thillart, and A. Murk, "PCBs and the energy cost of migration in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.)," Aquatic Toxicology, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 213-220, 2009.
  • J. M. Navas, A. M. Diz, R. Moyano, J. M. Vazquez-Auton, M. D. Ayala, J. Garcia-Monterde, and A. Blanco, "Contribution to the study of the changes in the gills of zebrafish (Danio rerio) when exposed to dioxin," Acta Adriatica: International Journal of Marine Sciences, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 281-193, 2016.

Investigation of Changes in the Structure of Elastin Exposed to Aroclor 1254

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 137 - 146, 31.12.2020

Öz

Elastin is a type of protein consisting of a hydrophobic region where proline, valine and glycine amino acids are densely located and a cross-linking region where alanine amino acids are located, and provide flexibility and mobility to the tissues of vertebrate organisms. Since the damage to the elastin causes many diseases, a lot of research has been done on elastin protein. However, studies on damage to elastin exposed to a toxic substance are limited in the literature. For this purpose, changes in the structure of the elastin protein exposed to Aroclor 1254, one of the important permanent organic pollutants, were examined histopathologically and it was determined that the damage occurred was concentration-dependent.

Proje Numarası

FEN.17.025

Kaynakça

  • L. Gao, M. Zheng, Y. Lv, Q. Fu, L. Tan, and Q. Zhu, "Continuous Monitoring of Persistent Organic Pollutants in China for the Effectiveness Evaluation of the Stockholm Convention: 2007–2014," in Persistent Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Status and Trends in the Pacific Basin Countries II Temporal Trends: ACS Publications, 2016, pp. 73-102.
  • K. Pěnčíková, L. Svržková, S. Strapáčová, J. Neča, I. Bartoňková, Z. Dvořák, M. Hýžďalová, J. Pivnička, L. Pálková, and H.J. Lehmler, "In vitro profiling of toxic effects of prominent environmental lower-chlorinated PCB congeners linked with endocrine disruption and tumor promotion" Environmental Pollution, vol. 237, pp. 473-486, 2018.
  • B. Škrbić, K. Szyrwińska, N. Đurišić-Mladenović, P. Nowicki, and J. Lulek, "Principal component analysis of indicator PCB profiles in breast milk from Poland," Environment International, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 862-872, 2010.
  • J. Wittsiepe, P. Fürst, P. Schrey, F. Lemm, M. Kraft, G. Eberwein, G. Winneke, and M. Wilhelm, "PCDD/F and dioxin-like PCB in human blood and milk from German mothers," Chemosphere, vol. 67, no. 9, 2007.
  • D. F. Rawn, A. R. Sadler, V. A. Casey, F. Breton, W.-F. Sun, T. E. Arbuckle, and W. D. Fraser, "Dioxins/furans and PCBs in Canadian human milk: 2008–2011," Science of the Total Environment, vol. 595, pp. 269-278, 2017.
  • C. La Rocca and A. Mantovani, "From environment to food: the case of PCB," Annali-Istituto Superiore di Sanita, vol. 42, no. 4, 2006.
  • B. Wahlang, M. Song, J. I. Beier, K. C. Falkner, L. Al-Eryani, H. B. Clair, R. A. Prough, T. S. Osborne, D. E. Malarkey, and J. C. States, "Evaluation of Aroclor 1260 exposure in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease," Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol. 279, no. 3, pp. 380-390, 2014.
  • U. Ahlborg, G. Becking, L. Birnbaum, A. a. Brouwer, H. Derks, M. Feeley, G. Golor, A. Hanberg, J. Larsen, and A. Liem, "Toxic equivalency factors for dioxin-like PCBs," Chemosphere, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 1049-1068, 1994.
  • O. M. Faroon, L. Samuel Keith, C. Smith-Simon, and C. T. De Rosa, Polychlorinated biphenyls: human health aspects. World Health Organization, 2003.
  • B. Mayes, E. Mc Connell, B. Neal, M. Brunner, S. Hamilton, M. Ryan, J. Toft, A. Singer, J. Brown, and R. Menton, "Comparative carcinogenicity in Sprague-Dawley rats of the polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures Aroclors 1016, 1242, 1254, and 1260," Toxicological Sciences, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 62-76, 1998.
  • P. Kodavanti, N. Kannan, N. Yamashita, E. C. Derr-Yellin, T. R. Ward, D. E. Burgin, H. A. Tilson, and L. S. Birnbaum, "Differential effects of two lots of aroclor 1254: congener-specific analysis and neurochemical end points," Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 109, no. 11, p. 1153, 2001.
  • J. Yadav, J. Quensen, J. M. Tiedje, and C. Reddy, "Degradation of polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures (Aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260) by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium as evidenced by congener-specific analysis," Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 2560-2565, 1995.
  • D. Kaya, I. Imamoglu, F. D. Sanin, R. B. Payne, and K. R. Sowers, "Potential risk reduction of Aroclor 1254 by microbial dechlorination in anaerobic Grasse River sediment microcosms," Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 321, pp. 879-887, 2017.
  • W. C. Parks, R. A. Pierce, K. A. Lee, and R. P. Mecham, "Elastin," Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology, vol. 6, pp. 133-181, 1993.
  • C. M. Kielty, M. J. Sherratt, and C. A. Shuttleworth, "Elastic fibres," Journal of Cell Science, vol. 115, no. 14, pp. 2817-2828, 2002.
  • Y. Zou and Y. Zhang, "An experimental and theoretical study on the anisotropy of elastin network," Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 1572-1583, 2009.
  • J. Gosline, M. Lillie, E. Carrington, P. Guerette, C. Ortlepp, and K. Savage, "Elastic proteins: biological roles and mechanical properties," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, vol. 357, no. 1418, pp. 121-132, 2002.
  • D. Sahni, G. Kaur, H. Jit, and I. Jit, "Anatomy & distribution of coronary arteries in pig in comparison with man," Indian Journal of Medical Research, vol. 127, no. 6, p. 564, 2008.
  • S. Bourez, A. Joly, A. Covaci, C. Remacle, Y. Larondelle, Y.-J. Schneider, and C. Debier, "Accumulation capacity of primary cultures of adipocytes for PCB-126: influence of cell differentiation stage and triglyceride levels," Toxicology Letters, vol. 214, no. 3, pp. 243-250, 2012.
  • D. L. Phillips, A. B. Smith, V. W. Burse, G. K. Steele, L. L. Needham, and W. H. Hannon, "Half-life of polychlorinated biphenyls in occupationally exposed workers," Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 351-354, 1989.
  • P. R. Dorneles, P. Sanz, G. Eppe, A. F. Azevedo, C. P. Bertozzi, M. A. Martínez, E. R. Secchi, L. A. Barbosa, M. Cremer, and M. B. Alonso, "High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: a serious PCB problem," Science of the Total Environment, vol. 463, pp. 309-318, 2013.
  • N. Westerhof, N. Stergiopulos, M. I. Noble, and B. E. Westerhof, Snapshots of hemodynamics: an aid for clinical research and graduate education. Springer, 2018.
  • A. Tsamis, A. Rachev, and N. Stergiopulos, "A constituent-based model of age-related changes in conduit arteries," American Journal of Physiology-Heart Circulatory Physiology, vol. 301, no. 4, pp. H1286-H1301, 2011.
  • M. A. Zulliger and N. Stergiopulos, "Structural strain energy function applied to the ageing of the human aorta," Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 40, no. 14, pp. 3061-3069, 2007.
  • G. M. London, S. J. Marchais, A. P. Guerin, and B. Pannier, "Arterial stiffness: pathophysiology and clinical impact," Clinical Experimental Hypertension, vol. 26, no. 7-8, pp. 689-699, 2004.
  • L. Debelle and A. Tamburro, "Elastin: molecular description and function," The international journal of biochemistry cell biology, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 261-272, 1999.
  • L. B. Sandberg, N. T. Soskel, and J. G. Leslie, "Elastin structure, biosynthesis, and relation to disease states," New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 304, no. 10, pp. 566-579, 1981.
  • S. M. Mithieux and A. S. Weiss, "Elastin," Advances in protein chemistry, vol. 70, pp. 437-461, 2005.
  • E. Petersen, F. Wågberg, and K.A. Ängquist, "Serum concentrations of elastin-derived peptides in patients with specific manifestations of atherosclerotic disease," European Journal of Vascular Endovascular Surgery, vol. 24, no.5, pp. 440-444, 2002.
  • B. Vrhovski and A. S. Weiss, "Biochemistry of tropoelastin," European Journal of Biochemistry, vol. 258, no. 1, pp. 1-18, 1998.
  • J. Rosenbloom, W. R. Abrams, and R. Mecham, "Extracellular matrix 4: the elastic fiber," The FASEB Journal, vol. 7, no. 13, pp. 1208-1218, 1993.
  • D. Demin, D. Aladin, N. Deeva, and S. Sevostyanov, "Structural-chemical studies of the destruction of organochlorine compounds," in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019, vol. 525, no. 1: IOP Publishing, p. 012105.
  • R. J. Law, M. Alaee, C. R. Allchin, J. P. Boon, M. Lebeuf, P. Lepom, and G. A. Stern, "Levels and trends of polybrominated diphenylethers and other brominated flame retardants in wildlife," Environment international, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 757-770, 2003.
  • O. Wurl and J. P. Obbard, "Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Singapore’s coastal marine sediments," Chemosphere, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 925-933, 2005.
  • H. C. Freeman, G. Sangalang, and B. Flemming, "The sublethal effects of a polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) diet on the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)," Science of the Total Environment, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 1982.
  • G. Gardner and R. Pruell, "A histopathological and chemical assessment of winter flounder, lobster and soft-shelled clam indigenous to Quincy Bay, Boston Harbor and an in situ evaluation of oysters including sediment (surface and cores) chemistry," Environmental Research Laboratory, Narragansett, RI, 1988.
  • D. Bernet, H. Schmidt, W. Meier, P. Burkhardt‐Holm, and T. Wahli, "Histopathology in fish: proposal for a protocol to assess aquatic pollution," Journal of Fish Diseases, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 25-34, 1999.
  • R. Bumb, W. Crummett, S. Cutie, J. Gledhill, R. Hummel, R. Kagel, L. Lamparski, E. Luoma, D. Miller, and T. Nestrick, "Trace chemistries of fire: a source of chlorinated dioxins," Science, pp. 385-390, 1980.
  • W. Crummett, "Environmental chlorinated dioxins from combustion–The trace chemistries of fire hypothesis," in Chlorinated Dioxins & Related Compounds: Elsevier, 1982, pp. 253-263.
  • H. Muto and Y. Takizawa, "Dioxins in cigarette smoke," Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 171-174, 1989.
  • M. Ball, O. Päpke, and A. Lis, "Polychlordibenzodioxine und Polychlordibenzofurane in Cigarettenrauch," Beiträge zur Tabakforschung international, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 393-402, 1990.
  • G. Löfroth and Y. Zebühr, "Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke," Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 789-794, 1992.
  • U. DHHS, "The Health Consequences of Smoking: Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. A Report of the Surgeon General," 1984.
  • S. Bellofiore, D. Eidelman, P. Macklem, and J. Martin, "Effects of elastase-induced emphysema on airway responsiveness to methacholine in rats," Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 606-612, 1989.
  • E. M. Foekema, C. M. Deerenberg, and A. J. Murk, "Prolonged ELS test with the marine flatfish sole (Solea solea) shows delayed toxic effects of previous exposure to PCB 126," Aquatic Toxicology, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 197-203, 2008.
  • E. Monosson, "Reproductive and developmental effects of PCBs in fish: a synthesis of laboratory and field studies," Reviews in Toxicology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 25-75, 2000.
  • G. Ross, "The public health implications of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment," Ecotoxicology Environmental Safety, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 275-291, 2004.
  • S. Safe, "Clinical correlates of environmental endocrine disruptors," Trends in Endocrinology Metabolism, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 139-144, 2005.
  • L. M. Schell and M. V. Gallo, "Relationships of putative endocrine disruptors to human sexual maturation and thyroid activity in youth," Physiology Behavior, vol. 99, no. 2, pp. 246-253, 2010.
  • V. van Ginneken, A. Palstra, P. Leonards, M. Nieveen, H. van den Berg, G. Flik, T. Spanings, P. Niemantsverdriet, G. van den Thillart, and A. Murk, "PCBs and the energy cost of migration in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.)," Aquatic Toxicology, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 213-220, 2009.
  • J. M. Navas, A. M. Diz, R. Moyano, J. M. Vazquez-Auton, M. D. Ayala, J. Garcia-Monterde, and A. Blanco, "Contribution to the study of the changes in the gills of zebrafish (Danio rerio) when exposed to dioxin," Acta Adriatica: International Journal of Marine Sciences, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 281-193, 2016.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yapısal Biyoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Özlem Demirci 0000-0001-9511-2010

Pelin Uğurlu Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4790-2533

Nurcan Doğan 0000-0002-5689-2250

Ömer Acer 0000-0002-5314-0475

Ersin Kılınç 0000-0001-5223-9919

Proje Numarası FEN.17.025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

IEEE Ö. Demirci, P. Uğurlu, N. Doğan, Ö. Acer, ve E. Kılınç, “Aroclor 1254’e Maruz Kalan Elastinin Yapısında Meydana Gelen Değişikliklerin İncelenmesi”, DÜFED, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 137–146, 2020.


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