THE IMPACTS OF DECENT WORK ON LIFE SATISFACTION, WORK VOLUTION, AND MEANING OF WORK

Öz

The present study explored the impacts of decent work subscales - safe working conditions, access to healthcare, adequate compensation, free time and rest, and organizational values - on life satisfaction, work volition, and meaning of work. The findings revealed that all decent work subscales explained 26% of life satisfaction, 27% of work volition, and 24.5% of the meaning of work. Interestingly, it was discovered that organizational values, free time and rest, and adequate compensation did not significantly affect life satisfaction, work volition, and the meaning of work, respectively. It was also found that while adequate compensation affected life satisfaction the most (β = .279, p < 0.05), it was the case between safe working conditions and work volition (β = .406, p < 0.05). Finally, the organizational values subscale was found to affect the meaning of work the most (β = .513, p < 0.05).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Decent Work
• Dimensions of decent work
• Life Satisfaction
• Work volition
• The meanig of work

İNSANA YAKIŞIR İŞİN YAŞAM DOYUMU, ÇALIŞMA İRADESİ VE İŞİN ANLAMI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Öz

Çalışmada insana yakışır işin alt boyutları olan güvenli çalışma koşulları, sağlık hizmetlerine erişim, yeterli ücret, boş zaman ve dinleme ile kurumsal değerlerin; Yaşam doyumu, çalışma iradesi ve işin anlamı üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; insana yakışır işin alt boyutları yaşam doyumunun %26’sını, çalışma iradesinin %27’sini, işin anlamını %24,5 oranında açıklamıştır. Alt boyutlardan kurumsal değerlerin yaşam doyumuna, boş zaman ve dinlenmenin çalışma iradesine ve yeterli ücretin işin anlamına etki etmediği bulunmuştur. Yaşam doyumuna en fazla etki edenin yeterli ücret (β=.279, p<0.05), çalışma iradesine en fazla etki edenin güvenli çalışma koşulları (β=.406, p<0.05) ve işin anlamına en fazla etki edeninse kurumsal değerler olduğu (β=.513, p<0.05) saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnsana Yakışır İş
• İnsana Yakışır İşin Alt Boyutları
• Yaşam Doyumu
• Çalışma İradesi
• İşin Anlamı

Kaynakça

1. Aca, Z. & Akdamar, E. (2022). Türkiye'de insana yakışır iş: bağlam, kavramsallaştırma ve değerlendirme: bir alan araştırması. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 20(1), 271-291. doi: 10.11611/yead.1037757.
2. Afonso-Ribeiro, M., Pereira-Teixeira. M. A. & Matteo-Ambiel, R. A. (2019). Decent work in Brazil: Context, conceptualization, and assessment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 112, 229-240.
3. Akın, A., Hamedoğlu, M.A., Kaya, Ç. & Sarıçam, H. (2013). Turkish version of the work and meaning inventory (WAMI): Validity and reliability study. The Journal of European Education, 3(2), 11-16.
4. Alkire, Sabina. 2007. The missing dimensions of poverty data: An introduction to the special issue”, In Oxford Development Studies, 35, No. 4, 346–359.
5. Allan, B. A., Autin, K. L & Duffy, R. D. (2016). Self-Determination and meaningful work: Exploring socioeconomic constraints. Front Psychol, 7(71). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.0007.
6. Arieli, S. & Sagiv, L. (2020). Values at work: The impact of personal values in organisations. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 69(2), 230–275. doi: 10.1111/apps.12181.
7. Ariza-Montes, A., Giorgi, G., Hernández-Perlines, F. & Fiz-Perez, J. (2019). Decent work as a necessary condition for sustainable well-being, A tale of pi(i)gs and farmers. Sustainability, 11(1051). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041051.
8. Blustein, D. L., Kenna, A. C., Gill, N. & DeVoy, J. E. (2008). The psychology of working: A new framework for counseling practice and public policy. The Career Development Quarterly, 56, 294–308. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.2008.tb00095.x.

9. Blustein, D.L (2008). The role of work in psychological health and well-being: A conceptual, historical, and public policy perspective. American Psychologist, 63(4), 228-240, https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.63.4.228.
10. Blustein, D.L (2013). The psychology of working: a new perspective for a new Era, In D.L. Blustein (Ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Psychology of Working (pp. 3-18). University Press.
11. Blustein, D.L. (2011). A relational theory of working. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.10.004.
12. Blustein, D.L., Kenny, M.E., Di Fabio, A. & Guichard, J. (2018) Expanding the Impact of the Psychology of Working: Engaging Psychology in the Struggle for Decent Work and Human Rights. Journal of Career Assessment, 27(1), 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072718774002.
13. Blustein, D.L., Olle, C., Connors-Kellgren, A. ve Diamonti, A.J. (2016). Decent work: a psychological perspective, Frontiers in Psychology, 7(407). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00407.
14. Burchell, B., Sehnbruch, K., Piasna, A. & Aglo, N. (2013). The quality of employment and decent work: Definitions, methodologies, and ongoing debates, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 38, 459–477.doi:10.1093/cje/bet067.
15. Büyükgöze-Kavas, A.B. & Ünal, Ş. (2019). Çalışma iradesi ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kariyer Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi, 2(2), 194-214.
16. Carr, S.C., Parker, J., Arrowsmith, J. & Watters, P.A. (2016). The living wage: theoretical integration and an applied research agenda. International Labour Review, 155(1), 1-24.
17. Chen, S.C., Jiang, W. & Mia. Y. (2020). Decent work in a transition economy: An empirical study of employees in China. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 153(1), 119947. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.techfore.2020.119947.
18. Dağlı, A. & Baysal, N. (2016). Yaşam doyumu ölçeğinin türkçe ’ye uyarlanması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(59), 1250-1262.
19. Deranty, J.P. & MacMillan, C. (2012). The ILO’s Decent Work Initiative: Suggestions for an Extension of the Notion of “Decent Work”, J. Soc.Philos, 43(4), 386–405. doi:10.1111/josp.12003.
20. Di Fabio, A. & Kenny, M. E. (2016). From decent work to decent lives: Positive self and relational management (PS&RM) in the twenty-first century. Front. Psychol. 7(361). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00361.
21. Diener, E., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R.J. & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
22. Dodd, V. N., Hooley, T. & Burke, C. (2019). Decent work in the UK: Context, conceptualisation and assessment. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 112(6), 270-281. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2019.04.002.
23. Drobnič, S., Beham, B. & Präg, P. (2010). Good job, good life? Working conditions and quality of Life in Europe. Social Indicators Research, 99(2), 205–225. doi:10.1007/s11205-010-9586-7.
24. Duffy, R. D. & Dik, B. J. (2009). Beyond the self: External influences in the career development process. The Career Development Quarterly, 58, 29–43. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.2009.tb00171.x.
25. Duffy, R. D., Allan, B. A., England, J. W., Blustein, D. L., Autin, K. L., Douglass, R. P., Ferreira, J. & Santos, E. J. R. (2017). The development and initial validation of the Decent Work Scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64(2), 206–221. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000191.
26. Duffy, R. D., Blustein, D. L., Diemer, M. A. & Autin, K. L. (2016). The psychology of working theory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(2), 127–148. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000140.
27. Duffy, R.D., Autin, K.L & Bott, E.M. (2015) Work volition and job satisfaction: examining the role of work meaning and person–environment fit. The Career Development Quarterly, 63(2), 126-40.
28. Duffy, R.D., Diemer, M.A., Perry, J.C., Laurenzi, C. & Torrey, C.L. (2012). The construction and initial validation of the work volition scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(2), 400-411, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.04.002.
29. Duffy, R.D., Kim, H.J., Allan, B.A. & Prieto, C. (2020). Predictors of decent work across time: Testing propositions from Psychology of Working Theory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 123(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103507.
30. Edralin, D.M. (2014). Precarious work undermines decent work: The unionized hotel workers’ experience. DLSU Business & Economics Review, 24(1), 13-26.
31. Edwards, J.R. & Rothbard, N.P. (1999). Work and family stress and well-being: An examination of person-environment fit in the work and family domains. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 77(2), 85–129. https:// doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1998.2813.
32. Engin, E.M. (2018) AB ülkelerinde ikili, üçlü, genişletilmiş sosyal diyalog mekanizmaları ve iyi uygulama örnekleri. CFCU, ILO, Aile Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı.
33. Erdoğan, B., Bauer, T. N., Truxillo, D. M. & Mansfield, L. R. (2012), Whistle while you work:A review of the life satisfaction literatüre. Journal of Management, 38, No. 4, 1038-1083, doi:10.1177/0149206311429379.
34. Ferguson, M., Carlson, D., Zivnuska, S. ve Whitten, D. (2012). Support at work and home: The path to satisfaction through balance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(2), 299–307.
35. Ferraro, T., Pais, L., dos Santos, N. R. (2015). Decent work: An aim for all made by all, international. Journal of Social Sciences, IV, No. 3, 30-42. Ferreira, J. A., Haase, R. F., Santos, E. R., Rabaça, José A., Figueiredo, L., Hemami, H. G. ve Almeida, L. M. (2019). Decent work in Portugal: Context, conceptualization, and assessment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 112, 77-91.
36. Gunst, R. F., & Mason, R. L. (1980). Regression analysis and its applications. New York: Marcel Dekker.
37. Güleryüz, E. A. (2020). Kişi-örgüt uyumu ve örgüt kültürü arasındaki ilişki, bankacılık sektöründe bir uygulama. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi, 6(19), 51-78.
38. Haar, J. M., Russo, M., Sun˜e, A. & Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2014). Outcomes of work–life balance on job satisfaction, life satisfaction and mental health: A study across seven cultures. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(3), 361–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.08.010
39. Harvey, M., Treadway, D., Heames, J.T. & Duke, A. (2009). Bullying in the 21st century global organization: an ethical perspective. J Bus. Ethics, 85, 27-40. doi: 10.1007/s10551-008-9746-8.
40. Heller, D., Watson, D. & Ilies, R. (2004). The role of person versus situation in life satisfaction: A criticalexamination. Psychological Bulletin, 130(4), 574-600. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.574. International Labour Organization & International Institute for Labour Studies. (2008). World of work: income inequalities in the age of financial globalization, No. 63, ILO.
41. International Labour Organization. (1999). Decent work: Report of the director-general (International Labour Conference, 87th Session). ILO.
42. International Labour Organization. (2008) ILO Declaration on social justice for a fair globalization. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---cabinet/documents/genericdocument/wcms_371208.pdf, (21.09.2021).
43. International Labour Organization. (2015). Decent work and the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. http://ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_436923.pdf.
44. International Labour Organization. (2017). Report of the director-general: What future for decent work in Europe and Central Asia – opportunities and challenges. Tenth European Regional Meeting, Istanbul, https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---europe/---ro-geneva/---ilo-ankara/documents/publication/wcms_577395.pdf.
45. Işığıçok, Ö. (2005). 21. Yüzyılda istihdam ve insana yakışır iş. Ezgi Kitabevi.
46. Işığıçok, Ö. (2009). Küreselleşme sürecinde insana yakışır iş. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 56, 308-331.
47. Işık, E. (2007). İşletmelerde mobbing uygulamaları ile iş stresi ilişkisine yönelik bir araştırma. [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi.
48. Işık, E., Kozan, S. & Işık, A.N. (2018). Cross-cultural validation of the Turkish version of the decent work scale. Journal of Career Assessment, 27(3), 471-489. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072718763636.
49. Kaygısız, S. (2010). Rol çatışması, psikolojik iklim ve mobbing kavramlarıarasındaki ilişkiler: bir kamu hastane işletmesinde uygulama. [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi.
50. Kocabaş, F., Aydın, U., Özgüler, V. C., İlhan, M. N., Demirkaya, S., Ak. N. & Özbaş, C. (2018). Çalışma ortamında psikososyal risk etmenlerinin iş kazası, meslek hastalıkları ve işle ilgili hastalıklarla ilişkisi. Sosyal Güvence Dergisi, Yıl: 7, 14, 28-62.
51. Kossek, E. E., Valcour, M., & Lirio, P. (2014). The sustainable workforce: Organizational strategies for promoting work–life balance and well-being. In C. Cooper ve P. Chen (Eds.), Work and wellbeing (pp. 295–318). Wiley-Blackwell.
52. Kozan, S., Işık, E. & Blustein, D. L. (2019). Decent work and well-being among low-income Turkish employees: Testing the psychology of working theory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 66(3), 317–327. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000342.
53. Kök, S. (2006). İş yaşamında psiko-şiddet sarmalı olarak yıldırma. 14. Yönetim Organizasyon Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı. 161-170. Atatürk Üniversitesi.
54. Kutlu, F. E. (2006). İşyerinde duygusal tacizin (mobbing) çalışanın tükenmişliği üzerine etkisi. [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
55. Land, K. C. (1975). The role of quality of employment indicators in general social reporting systems. American Behavioral Scientist, 18(3), 304–332. https://doi.org/10.1177/000276427501800302.
56. Lyness, K. S. & Judiesch, M. K. (2014). Gender egalitarianism and work–life balance for managers: Multisource perspectives in 36 countries. Applied Psychology, 63(1), 96–129.
57. MacNaughton, G. ve Frey, D. F. (2015). Decent Work, Human Rights and the Sustainable Development Goals. SSRN Electronic Journal, 47. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2613999.
58. Masdonati, J., Schreiberb, M., Marcionettic, J. & Rossiera, J. (2019). Decent work in Switzerland: Context, conceptualization, and assessment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110, Part A, 12-27.
59. Mcllveen, P., Hoare, P. N., Perera, H. N., Kossen, C., Mason, L., Munday, S., Alchin, C., Creed, A. & McDonald, N. (2021). Decent work’s association with job satisfaction, work engagement, and withdrawal intentions in Australian working adults. Journal of Career Assessment, 29(1), 18–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072720922959.
60. Nizami, N. & Prasad, N. (2017). Decent work: Concept, theory and measurement. Palgrave Macmillan. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-2194-7.
61. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2019). Negotiating our way up collective bargaining in a changing world of work. OECD Publishing.
62. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2021a). OECD economic surveys: Turkey 2021. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/2cd09ab1-en.
63. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2021b). OECD employment outlook 2021: Navigating the covıd-19 crisis and recovery. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/5a700c4b-en.
64. Orhan, Ö. (2020), Saving Analysis with economic growth models and theories. COAEF VII Inter National Conference On Applied Economics and Finance & Extended With Social Sciences August, 21-22, Turkey.
65. Paul, K. I. & Moser, K. (2009). Unemployment impairs mental health: Meta-analyses. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(3), 264–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.01.001.
66. Pavot, W. G. & Diener, E. 2008. The Satisfaction With Life Scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(2), 137-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439760701756946.
67. Petrea, I. C. (2020). The effect of work meaning on the relationship between decent work and subjective well-being. Master thesis in psychology specialization of counseling and vocational psychology. Universite de Lausanne.
68. Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the Twenty-First Century: a multidimensional approach to the history of capital and social classes. The British Journal of Sociology, 65(4), 736–747. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12115.
69. Pouyaud, J. (2016). For a psychosocial approach to decent work. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00422.
70. Ryan, R.M. & Deci, E.L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
71. Sagiv, L. & Schwartz, S.H. (2000). Value priorities and subjective well-being: Direct relations and congruity effects. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30(2), 177–198. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(200003/04)30:2<177:aid-ejsp982>3.0.co;2-z.
72. Sagiv, L., Roccas, S., & Oppenheim- Weller, S. (2015). Values and well-being. In: S. Joseph (Ed.). Positive psychology in practice (2nd ed., pp. 103-121). John Wiley.
73. Sapancalı, F. (2007). Türkiye'de işgücü piyasası, sorunlar ve politikalar. TÜHİS İş Hukuku ve İktisat Dergisi, 21(2-3), 8-30.
74. Schleicher, D. J., Hansen, S. D. & Fox, K. E. (2011). Job attitudes and work values. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 3, (pp. 137–189). Maintaining, Expanding, and Contracting the Organization. https://doi.org/10.1037/12171-004.
75. Schnell, T., Höge, T. & Pollet, E. (2013). Predicting meaning in work: Theory, data, implications. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(6), 543–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2013.830763.
76. Sehnbruch, K., Burchell, B., Agloni, N. & Piasna, A. (2015). Human development and decent work: Why some concepts succeed and others fail to make an impact. Development and Change, 46(2), 197–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12149.
77. Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. Oxford University Press.
78. Seubert, C., Hopfgartner, L. & Glaser, J. (2021). Living wages, decent work, and need satisfaction: an ıntegrated perspective. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 30(6), 808-823. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432x.2021.1966094.
79. Sığrı, Ü. (2007). Kamu ve özel sektördeki kişisel ve örgütsel değerlerin uyumlaştırılması üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma. Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (İLKE), 18.
80. Sirgy, M. J., Efraty, D., Siegel, P. & Lee, D. J. (2001). A new measure of quality of work life (QWL) based on need satisfaction and spillover theories. Social indicators research, 55(3), 241-302. doi:10.1023/A:1010986923468.
81. Standing, G. (2008). The ILO: An agency for globalization? Development and Change, 39(3), 355–384. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2008.00484.x.
82. Steger, M.F., Dik, B.J. & Duffy, R.D. (2012). Measuring meaningful work: The work and meaning inventory (WAMI). Journal of Career Assessment, 20(3), 322-337.
83. Stiglitz, J. E. (2016). The great divide: unequal societies and what we can do about them. Norton & Company.
84. Streimikiene, D. & Grundey, D. (2009). Life satisfaction and happiness-the factors in work performance. Economics & Sociology, 2(1), 9–26. doi: 10.14254/2071-789X.2009/2-1/2.
85. Sunar, L. (2020). 2020’de Türkiye’de çalışma hayatı. https://ilke.org.tr/2020de-turkiyede-calisma-hayati.
86. Sümer, H.C. (2006). Women in management: Still waiting to be full members of the club. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 55(1-2), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9059-2.
87. Tokar, D. M. & Kaut, K. P. (2018). Predictors of decent work among workers with Chiari malformation: An empirical test of the psychology of working theory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 106, 126-137.
88. Tromp, M. (2016). Decent work, more satisfied about life and health? [Master thesis]. Tilburg University.
89. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2021a). Adrese dayalı nüfus kayıt sistemi sonuçları (2020, Yayın no. 37210, 04 Şubat 2021). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2020-37210.
90. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2021b). İşgücü istatistikleri (2020, Yayın no. 37484, 22 Mart 2021). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Labour-Force-Statistics-2020-37484.
91. Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü. (2019). Daha aydınlık bir gelecek için çalışmak: çalışma yaşamının geleceği küresel komisyonu. ILO.
92. Veenhoven, R. (1991). Questions on happiness. Pergamon Press. Vignoli, E., Prudhomme, N., Terriot, K., Cohen-Scali, V., Arnoux-Nicolas, C.,
93. Bernaud, J.L. & Lallemand, N. (2020). Decent work in France: Context, conceptualization, and assessment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 116(2), 103345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2019.103345.
94. Wilensky, H.L. (1960). Work, careers, and social ıntegration. International Social Science Journal, 12, 543-560.
95. Yao, C.P., Parker, J., Arrowsmith, J. & Carr, S.C. (2017). The living wage as an income range for decent work and life. Employee Relations, 39(6), 875–887. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-03-2017-0071.
96. Yılmaz, A., Ergun-Özler, D. & Mercan, N. (2008), Mobbing ve örgüt iklimi ile ilişkisine yönelik ampirik bir araştırma. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(26), 334-357.,
97. Yücetürk, E. (2005). Türkiye’de iş yaşam kalitesini ve verimliliği azaltan gizli bir sendrom: Yıldırma (mobbing). İktisat, İşletme, Finans Dergisi, 20(231), 97-108. doi: 10.3848/iif.2005.231.8236.