YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİ İHRACATI VE EKONOMİK ÖZGÜRLÜKLER: EN YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİ İHRACATÇILARI İÇİN YENİ ÖNGÖRÜLER

Öz

Son yıllarda literatür, ihracat kompozisyonunun ağırlıklı olarak yüksek teknoloji ihracatından oluşması durumunda, uluslararası rekabet gücünün artırılmasının yüksek katma değerli malların üretimini teşvik ettiğini ve ülke içinde verimlilik artışlarını desteklediğini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışma, Ar-Ge'ye odaklanarak en yüksek teknoloji ihracatçıları için ekonomik özgürlüğün, alt bileşenlerinin ve etkileşimlerinin yüksek teknoloji ihracatı üzerindeki etkisini inceleyerek katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, yüksek teknoloji ihracatının 2009-2023 yılları arasındaki ortalaması hesaplanmış ve ardından ortalama yüksek teknoloji ihracatı en az dünya ortalaması kadar olan ülkeler seçilmiştir. Analiz, iki önemli bulgu ortaya koymaktadır: (i) Toplulaştırılmış Ekonomik Özgürlük Endeksi ve alt bileşenleri - yani düzenleyici etkinlik, piyasa açıklığı ve hukukun üstünlüğü, yüksek teknoloji ihracatı üzerinde pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkilere sahiptir. (ii) Ar-Ge ve EFI ayrı ayrı HTE'ye olumlu katkıda bulunurken, etkileşimleri genellikle mantıksız bir şekilde negatif etki yaratmaktadır. Bu durum, Ar-Ge'nin ihracat performansı üzerindeki olumlu etkisinin, son derece liberalleşmiş kurumsal ortamlarda kısıtlanabileceğini veya seyreltilebileceğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, politika yapıcılar için önemli çıkarımlar sağlıyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yüksek Teknoloji İhracatı
• Ekonomik Özgürlük
• Panel Veri Analizi
• Kurumsal İktisat

HIGH-TECHNOLOGY EXPORTS AND ECONOMIC FREEDOM: NEW INSIGHTS FOR THE TOP HIGH-TECH EXPORTERS

Öz

Recent literature emphasizes that if export composition consists mostly of high-tech exports, increasing international competitiveness encourages the production of high-value-added goods and supports productivity enhancements within the country. This study aims to contribute by analyzing this literature by examining the effect of economic freedom, its sub-components, and interactions on high-tech exports for top high-tech exporters by focusing R&D. We calculated the average of high-tech exports from 2009-2023 and then selected the countries whose average high-tech exports are at least the world average. Our analysis reveals two important findings: (i) The aggregated Economic Freedom Index (EFI) and its sub-components—namely, regulatory efficiency, market openness, and the rule of law—have positive and statistically significant effects on HTE. (ii) While R&D and EFI individually contribute positively to HTE, their interaction often yields a counterintuitive negative effect. This suggests that the positive impact of R&D on export performance may be constrained or diluted in highly liberalized institutional settings. Therefore, we provide important implications for policy makers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• High-Tech Exports
• Economic Freedom
• Panel Data Analysis
• Institutional Economics

Kaynakça

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