TÜRKİYE’NİN ORTA ASYA ÜLKELERİ İLE TİCARETİNİN PANEL ÇEKİM MODELİ İLE ANALİZİ
Yıl 2016,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 11, 139 - 155, 01.12.2016
Bahar Burtan Doğan
Şüheda Özörnek Tunç
Öz
Orta Asya Ülkeleri, Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasından sonra, Türkiye açısından siyasi ve ekonomik anlamda stratejik önem kazanmıştır. Türkiye’nin bu ülkelerle ortak tarihi ve kültürel bağlarının bulunmasının yanında, Türkiye onların uluslararası pazarlara açılmasında da bir köprü görevi görmektedir. Bu bakımdan Türkiye ile Orta Asya ülkeleri arasındaki ticaretin gün geçtikçe artarak önem kazanması kaçınılmaz bir sonuçtur. Dolayısıyla Türkiye ile Orta Asya ülkeleri arasındaki ticaretin incelenmesi bir ihtiyaç haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmadaki nihai hedefimiz,Türkiye’nin benimsemiş olduğu ihracata dayalı büyüme politikasının etkisiyle Orta Asya Ülkeleri ile olan ticareti panel çekim modeli kullanılarak tahmini sonuçlara ulaşmaktır
Kaynakça
- Bai, J. and Ng, S. (2004), “A Panic Attack on Unit Rootsand Cointegration”, Econometrica, 72(4): 1127-1178.
- Baltagi, Badi.H. (2005),Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.,s.45- 75.
- Beyaert, A. andCamacho, M. (2008), “TAR Panel Unit Root Testsand Real Convergence: An Application tothe EU Enlargement Process”, Review of Development Economics, 12(3): 668- 681.
- Breitung, J. (2005), “A Parametric Approach to the Estimation of Cointegrating Vectors in Panel Data”, Econometric Reviews, 24(2), s.151-173.
- Breuer, B.,Mcnown, R. and Wallace, M. (2002), “Series-Specific Unit Root Test with Panel Data”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 64(5), s.527-546.
- Burtan Doğan, B. ve Özörnek Tunç, Ş. (2015), Türkiye’nin Afrika Ülkeleri İle Olan Ticaretinin Belirleyicileri: Panel Çekim Modeli Yaklaşımı, Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 7/(12), s. 1-17.
- Carrion-i-Silvestre, J. Ll. And Sansó, A. (2006), “Testingthenull of Cointegration with Structural Breaks”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 68, s.623-646.
- Chiristie, E. (2002) Potential Trade in Southeast Europe: A Gravity Model Approach, http://www.wiiw.ac.at/balkan/files/Christie.pdf
- Choi, I. (2001), “Unit Roots Tests for Panel Data”, Journal of International Money and Finance, 20, s.229-272.
- Deardorff, Alan. (1995) “Determinants of Bilateral Trade: Does Gravity Work in a Classical World?”, paper presented at conference on The Regionalization of the World Economy, NBER, Woodstock, Vermont.
- Driscoll, J. andKraay A. C., 1998, “Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation with Spatially Dependent Panel Data”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 80, s.449-560.
- FadiFarra, Claire Burgio ve Marina Cemov, The Competitiveness Potential of Central Asia, OECD, 2011, http://www.oecd.org/daf/psd/46974002.pdf
- Genç, M., A. Artan ve M. Berber (2007) Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği Bölgesinde Ticaret Akımlarının Belirleyicileri: Çekim Modeli Yaklaşımı, II. Uluslararası İşletme ve Ekonomi Çalıştayı, 28-29 Haziran, Giresun.
- Güloğlu, B. ve İspir S. (2009), “Yeni Gelişmeler Işığında Türkiye’de Satın Alma Gücü Paritesi Önsavının Panel Birim Kök Sınaması”, Denizli: Pamukkale Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. İktisat Bölümü Yayınları.
- Hadri, K. (2000), “Testing for Stationarity in Heterogeneous Panels”, Econometrics Journal 3, s.148-161.
- Helpman, Elhananand, Paul R. Krugman (1985) “ Market Structure and Foreign Trade: Increasing Returns, Imperfect competition, and the International Economy”, Cambridge: MIT Press.
- IM, K.,Pesaran, H. andShin, Y. (2003), “Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), s.53-74
- Kalaycı C. ve Artan S. (2015) “Gümrük Birliğinin Türkiye’nin Dış Ticaretine Etkileri: Panel Veri Analizi”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 27, s.301-314.
- http://birimler.dpu.edu.tr/app/views/panel/ckfinder/userfiles/17/files/DERG_/27/301-314.pdf
- Kalbasi, H. (2001) The Gravity Model and Global Trade Flows, Conference of Eco Mod, Washington DC.
- Levin, A., Lin, C-F. And Chu, C-S. J. (2002), “Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: A symptotic and Finite Sample Properties”, Journal of Econometrics, 108, s.1-24.
- Maddala, G. S. And Wu, S. (1999), “A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61, s.631-652.
- Özkaya, Hakan (2011), “İkili ve Çok Taraflı Anlaşmaların Türkiye’nin İhracatı Üzerindeki Etkisi”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 12(2), s.279 – 288.
- Pesaran, H., M. (2007), “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross Section Dependence”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22/(2), s.265-312.
- Porojan, A. (2001) Trade Flows and Spatial Effects: The Gravity Model Revisited, Open Economies Review, Vol. 12, 265-280.
- Rahman, M., W.B. SHADAT ve N.C. DAS (2006) Trade Potential in SAFTA: An Application of Augmented Gravity Model, Centre for Policy Dialogue, Occasional Paper Series, No. 61.
- Rahman, Mohammad Mafizur. (2009), Australia’s Global Trade Potential: Evidence from the Gravity Model Analysis, Oxford Business & Economics Conference Program.
- Sandalcılar, A. (2012) Türkiye’nin BRIC Ülkeleriyle Ticari Potansiyeli: Panel Çekim Modeli Yaklaşımı, Journal of Yasar University, 25(7), s.4164-4175
- Simwaka, K. (2006) Dynamics of Malawi’s Trade Flows: a Gravity Model Approach, MPRA Working Paper, No. 1122.
- Taylor, M. And Sarno, L. (1998), “The Behaviour of Real Exchange Rates during the PostBretton Woods Period”, Journal of International Economics, 46, s.281-312.
- Tinbergen Jan (1962), “An Analysis of World Trade Flows: in Shapingthe World Economy, ed. by Jan Tinbergen, New York, The Twentieth Century Fund.
- William H. Greene (2008), Econometric Analysis, New York Üniversity, Pearson Prentice Hall, s. 205-210.
- Wooldrige, Jeffrey Marc (2003), Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
- World Investment Report, UNCTAD, 26 Haziran 2013.
- Yerdelen Tatoğlu F., (2012a), Panel Veri Ekonometrisi, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul, 304s.
- Yerdelen Tatoğlu F., (2012b), Uygulamalı İleri Panel Veri Analizi Stata, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
- www.unctad.org.
- www.timeanddate.com
- www.tuik.org.tr.
THE ANALYSIS OF TURKEY’S TRADE WITH CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES WITH PANEL GRAVITY MODEL
Yıl 2016,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 11, 139 - 155, 01.12.2016
Bahar Burtan Doğan
Şüheda Özörnek Tunç
Öz
After the collapse of the USSR, Central Asian countries gained strategic significance in terms of politics and economics from the point of view of Turkey. Beside the point that Turkey has historical and cultural ties with Central Asian countries, Turkey has a mission to serve as a bridge for getting these countries into international markets. In this regard it is an inevitable result that the trade between Turkey and Central Asian countries will increasingly continue to have importance. Consequently it is a need to examine the trade between Turkey and Central Asian countries. The ultimate goal of our study is to predict Turkey’s trade with Central Asian countries with the effect of the growth policy based on the Turkey’s exportation by using Panel Gravity Model
Kaynakça
- Bai, J. and Ng, S. (2004), “A Panic Attack on Unit Rootsand Cointegration”, Econometrica, 72(4): 1127-1178.
- Baltagi, Badi.H. (2005),Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.,s.45- 75.
- Beyaert, A. andCamacho, M. (2008), “TAR Panel Unit Root Testsand Real Convergence: An Application tothe EU Enlargement Process”, Review of Development Economics, 12(3): 668- 681.
- Breitung, J. (2005), “A Parametric Approach to the Estimation of Cointegrating Vectors in Panel Data”, Econometric Reviews, 24(2), s.151-173.
- Breuer, B.,Mcnown, R. and Wallace, M. (2002), “Series-Specific Unit Root Test with Panel Data”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 64(5), s.527-546.
- Burtan Doğan, B. ve Özörnek Tunç, Ş. (2015), Türkiye’nin Afrika Ülkeleri İle Olan Ticaretinin Belirleyicileri: Panel Çekim Modeli Yaklaşımı, Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 7/(12), s. 1-17.
- Carrion-i-Silvestre, J. Ll. And Sansó, A. (2006), “Testingthenull of Cointegration with Structural Breaks”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 68, s.623-646.
- Chiristie, E. (2002) Potential Trade in Southeast Europe: A Gravity Model Approach, http://www.wiiw.ac.at/balkan/files/Christie.pdf
- Choi, I. (2001), “Unit Roots Tests for Panel Data”, Journal of International Money and Finance, 20, s.229-272.
- Deardorff, Alan. (1995) “Determinants of Bilateral Trade: Does Gravity Work in a Classical World?”, paper presented at conference on The Regionalization of the World Economy, NBER, Woodstock, Vermont.
- Driscoll, J. andKraay A. C., 1998, “Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation with Spatially Dependent Panel Data”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 80, s.449-560.
- FadiFarra, Claire Burgio ve Marina Cemov, The Competitiveness Potential of Central Asia, OECD, 2011, http://www.oecd.org/daf/psd/46974002.pdf
- Genç, M., A. Artan ve M. Berber (2007) Karadeniz Ekonomik İşbirliği Bölgesinde Ticaret Akımlarının Belirleyicileri: Çekim Modeli Yaklaşımı, II. Uluslararası İşletme ve Ekonomi Çalıştayı, 28-29 Haziran, Giresun.
- Güloğlu, B. ve İspir S. (2009), “Yeni Gelişmeler Işığında Türkiye’de Satın Alma Gücü Paritesi Önsavının Panel Birim Kök Sınaması”, Denizli: Pamukkale Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. İktisat Bölümü Yayınları.
- Hadri, K. (2000), “Testing for Stationarity in Heterogeneous Panels”, Econometrics Journal 3, s.148-161.
- Helpman, Elhananand, Paul R. Krugman (1985) “ Market Structure and Foreign Trade: Increasing Returns, Imperfect competition, and the International Economy”, Cambridge: MIT Press.
- IM, K.,Pesaran, H. andShin, Y. (2003), “Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), s.53-74
- Kalaycı C. ve Artan S. (2015) “Gümrük Birliğinin Türkiye’nin Dış Ticaretine Etkileri: Panel Veri Analizi”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 27, s.301-314.
- http://birimler.dpu.edu.tr/app/views/panel/ckfinder/userfiles/17/files/DERG_/27/301-314.pdf
- Kalbasi, H. (2001) The Gravity Model and Global Trade Flows, Conference of Eco Mod, Washington DC.
- Levin, A., Lin, C-F. And Chu, C-S. J. (2002), “Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: A symptotic and Finite Sample Properties”, Journal of Econometrics, 108, s.1-24.
- Maddala, G. S. And Wu, S. (1999), “A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61, s.631-652.
- Özkaya, Hakan (2011), “İkili ve Çok Taraflı Anlaşmaların Türkiye’nin İhracatı Üzerindeki Etkisi”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 12(2), s.279 – 288.
- Pesaran, H., M. (2007), “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross Section Dependence”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22/(2), s.265-312.
- Porojan, A. (2001) Trade Flows and Spatial Effects: The Gravity Model Revisited, Open Economies Review, Vol. 12, 265-280.
- Rahman, M., W.B. SHADAT ve N.C. DAS (2006) Trade Potential in SAFTA: An Application of Augmented Gravity Model, Centre for Policy Dialogue, Occasional Paper Series, No. 61.
- Rahman, Mohammad Mafizur. (2009), Australia’s Global Trade Potential: Evidence from the Gravity Model Analysis, Oxford Business & Economics Conference Program.
- Sandalcılar, A. (2012) Türkiye’nin BRIC Ülkeleriyle Ticari Potansiyeli: Panel Çekim Modeli Yaklaşımı, Journal of Yasar University, 25(7), s.4164-4175
- Simwaka, K. (2006) Dynamics of Malawi’s Trade Flows: a Gravity Model Approach, MPRA Working Paper, No. 1122.
- Taylor, M. And Sarno, L. (1998), “The Behaviour of Real Exchange Rates during the PostBretton Woods Period”, Journal of International Economics, 46, s.281-312.
- Tinbergen Jan (1962), “An Analysis of World Trade Flows: in Shapingthe World Economy, ed. by Jan Tinbergen, New York, The Twentieth Century Fund.
- William H. Greene (2008), Econometric Analysis, New York Üniversity, Pearson Prentice Hall, s. 205-210.
- Wooldrige, Jeffrey Marc (2003), Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
- World Investment Report, UNCTAD, 26 Haziran 2013.
- Yerdelen Tatoğlu F., (2012a), Panel Veri Ekonometrisi, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul, 304s.
- Yerdelen Tatoğlu F., (2012b), Uygulamalı İleri Panel Veri Analizi Stata, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
- www.unctad.org.
- www.timeanddate.com
- www.tuik.org.tr.