Kumsal Sedimanlarının Mikroplastik İçeriklerinin ve Sediman Tanelerinin Karakterizasyonu: Muğla Kıyılarından (GB Türkiye) Örnek Çalışma

Öz

Günlük hayatta önemli bir yere sahip olan plastikler, fiziksel bozunmaya uğradıklarında kolaylıkla taşınarak göllere, akarsulara, denizlere, dağlara ve topraklara ulaşmakta ve kirletici olarak tüm doğal ekosistemlere zarar vermektedirler. Mikroplastiklerin özellikle kıyı alanlarında birikimini etkileyen en önemli unsurlardan ilki jeolojik süreçlerden olan karasal ve denizel sedimanların taşınımları ikincisi ise antropojenik etmenlerdir. Muğla kıyı sedimanlarında biriken mikroplastik miktarını belirlemek amacıyla Palamutbükü, Datça, Marmaris ve Akyaka sahil kumlarından alınan örnekler tane boyu bakımından karakterize edilmiş; düşük yoğunluklu mikroplastik ayırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Plastik içeriği sırasıyla; Palamutbükü örneğinde 11 adet meso-makro plastik, 56 adet mikroplastik / 50 g, Datça örneğinde 13 adet meso-makro plastik, 33 adet mikroplastik / 50 g, Marmaris örneğinde 13 adet meso-makro plastik, 143 adet mikroplastik / 50 g, ve Akyaka örneğinde 4 adet meso-makro plastik, 59 adet mikroplastik / 50 g olarak belirlenmiştir. Orta kum boyunda, incelenen örnekler içinde en küçük ortalama tane boyutuna sahip Akyaka sahili örneği meso-makroplastik içeriği en düşük olandır. İnce çakıl ortalama tane boyuyla en kaba ortalama tane boyuna ve en yüksek çakıl yüzdesine sahip Datça örneği ise mikroplastik sayısı en düşük örnektir. Lif ve parça formunda plastik parçalarında Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızıl Ötesi Spektrometresi analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mikroplastiklerin bileşimlerinde selülöz, polietilen ve polipropilen olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mikroplastik
• Kıyı Sedimanı
• Tane Boyu
• FTIR
• Muğla

Characterization of Microplastic Contents and Sediment Grains of Beach Sediments: A Case Study from Muğla Coasts (SW Turkey)

Abstract

Plastics, which have an important place in daily life, are easily transported when they are physically degraded, reach lakes, streams, seas, mountains, and soils and damage all natural ecosystems as pollutants. The first of the most important factors affecting the accumulation of microplastics, especially in coastal areas, is the transport of terrestrial and marine sediments through geological processes, and the second is anthropogenic factors. To determine the amount of microplastic accumulated in Muğla coastal sediments, samples taken from Palamutbükü, Datça, Marmaris and Akyaka beach sands were characterized in terms of grain size and low-density microplastic separation methods were used. Plastic contents were determined: 11 meso-macro plastics, 56 microplastics / 50 g in Palamutbükü sample, 13 meso-macro plastics, 33 microplastics / 50 g in Datça sample, 13 meso-macro plastics, 143 microplastics / 50 g in Marmaris sample, and 4 meso-macro plastics and 59 microplastics / 50 g in Akyaka sample, respectively. Akyaka sample of medium sand size, which has the smallest average grain size among the studied samples, has the lowest meso-macroplastic content. Datça sample, which has the coarsest average grain size with the average grain size of fine gravel and the highest percentage of gravel, is the sample with the lowest microplastic content. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer analysis was performed on microplastics of fiber and fragment forms. It is determined that the compositions of microplastics are cellulose, polyethylene and polypropylene.

Keywords

• Microplastic
• Coastal Sediment
• Grain size
• FTIR
• Muğla

Kaynakça

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