EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF CFRP-REINFORCED STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALLS UNDER CYCLIC LOADINGS AND THE FAILURE OF CONNECTIONS BETWEEN CFRP TO STEEL

Abstract

Steel plate shear walls, as an innovative lateral load resisting system, are widely used in the world. In this study, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer textile (CFRP) is used in order to increase load carrying capacity, ductility and energy dissipation of steel plate shear walls. A specimen of composite plate shear wall through epoxy bonding between two steel plates in a steel frame was prepared, and cyclic loading was applied. The finite element model of the steel plate shear wall without CFRP textile was prepared, and an in-plane static pushover analysis was conducted. The load-displacement curves obtained from the analysis of the model were compared with the results of the experimentally-obtained CFRP textile added specimen, and they were found to be in a good agreement. In conclusion, as a result of the addition of CFRP textile to the steel plate shear wall, it was observed that the carbon fiber reinforced polymer delaminated from the plate surface, and its contribution to the system behavior remained limited. Accordingly, it has been observed that in order to obtain the expected contribution, it is necessary to ensure that the steel plate and the textile must have full bonding and act as a composite material.

Keywords

• Steel plate shear wall
• Composite panel shear wall
• CFRP
• Energy dissipation

ÇEVRİMSEL YÜKLER ALTINDA CFRP İLE GÜÇLENDİRİLMİŞ ÇELİK LEVHALI PERDELERDE ÇELİK LEVHA İLE CFRP ARASINDAKİ BİRLEŞİMİN AYRILMASININ DENEYSEL İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Yenilikçi bir yanal yük dayanım sistemi olan çelik levhalı perde sistemleri dünyada yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada çelik levhalı perdelerin yük taşıma kapasitesini, sünekliğini ve enerji tüketimini arttırmak amacıyla karbon fiber takviyeli polimer tekstil (CFRP) kullanılmıştır. Çelik bir çerçeve içindeki iki çelik levha arasına epoksi ile birleştirme yoluyla kompozit panelli perdenin bir örneği hazırlandı ve tekrarlı yükleme uygulandı. CFRP tekstil içermeyen çelik levha perde duvarın sonlu eleman modeli hazırlanmış ve düzlem içi statik itme analizi yapılmıştır. Modelin analizi sonucu elde edilen yük-deplasman eğrileri, deneysel olarak elde edilen CFRP tekstil ile güçlendirilmiş numunenin sonuçlarıyla karşılaştırıldığında iyi bir uyum içinde olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, çelik levhalı perdeye CFRP tekstil ilavesi sonucunda karbon fiber takviyeli polimerin levha yüzeyinden ayrıldığı ve sistem davranışına katkısının sınırlı kaldığı görülmüştür. Buna göre beklenen katkının elde edilebilmesi için çelik levha ile tekstilin tam bir bütünlük içinde olması ve kompozit malzeme görevi görmesinin sağlanması gerektiği anlaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Composite panel shear wall
• CFRP
• Energy dissipation
• Çelik levhalı perde
• Kompozit panelli perde
• Karbon lifli tekstil
• Enerji sönümleme

Kaynakça

1. [1] Wagner, H., 1931. Flat sheet metal girders with very thin metal webs, part I-General theories and assumptions, Technical Memorandum, No. 604, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, DC.
2. [2] Mimura, H. and Akiyama, H., 1977. Load-deflection relationship of earthquake resistant steel shear walls with a developed diagonal tension field, Trans., Arch. Inst. Of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 109-114.
3. [3] M. K. Poul and F. N. Alahi, “Theoretical and numerical study on the strengthened steel plate shear walls by FRP laminates,” IJE Transactions C, vol. 25, No. 1, 2012.
4. [4] Elgaaly, M., and Liu, Y., 1997, Analysis of Thin Steel Plate Shear Walls, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE Vol. 123 No. 11 pp. 1487-1496, November
5. [5] Driver, R.G., 1997, Seismic behavior of steel plate shear walls. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
6. [6] Thorburn, L. J. and Kulak, G. L., 1983, Analysis of steel plate shear walls, Structural Engineering Report, 107, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta, Canada
7. [7] Arafa El-Helloty. “Free Vibration Response of Laminated Composite Plate Shear Walls.” International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, vol. 13, no. 09, 2017, pp. 28–38.
8. [8] Rahai A.R. and Alipour M., 2011, Behavior and Characteristics of Innovative Composite Plate Shear Walls, The Twelfth East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, Procedia Engineering, 14, 3205–3212

9. [9] Nateghi-Alahi F. and Khazaei-Poul M., 2013, Analytical Study on the Strengthened Steel Plate Shear Walls by FRP Laminate, The 2nd International Conference on Rehabilitation and Maintenance in Civil Engineering, Procedia Engineering, 54, 377 – 386
10. [10] M. K. Poul and F. N. Alahi, “Finite element investigation of steel plate shear walls with infill plates strengthened by GFRP laminate,” JSEE, vol. 14, No. 3, 2012.
11. [11] AISC (2005b). Specifications for Structural Steel Buildings, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, IL., USA.
12. [12] Alipour, Mohamad & Rahai, Alireza. (2011). Perforated Steel Shear Walls WithFrp Reinforcement Of Opening Edges. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 5.
13. [13] Maali M., Kılıç M., Yaman Z., Ağcakoca E., Aydın A.C., Buckling and post-buckling behavior of various dented cylindrical shells using CFRP strips subjected to uniform external pressure: Comparison of theoretical and experimental data, Thin-Walled Structures, Volume 137, 2019, Pages 29-39, ISSN 0263-8231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2018.12.042.
14. [14] Aydin A.C., Yaman Z., Ağcakoca E., Kiliç M., Maali M., Aghazadeh Dizaji A., CFRP effect on the buckling behavior of dented cylindrical shells, International Journal of Steel Structures 20, 425-435,
15. [15] Seddighi, M., Barkhordari, M.A. & Hosseinzadeh, S.A.A. The Wall–Frame Interaction in Composite FRP-Steel Plate Shear Walls. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civ Eng 46, 133–156 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-021-00592-0
16. [16] Seddighi, M., Barkhordari, M. A., & Hosseinzadeh, S. A. A. (2019). Behavior of FRP-reinforced steel plate shear walls with various reinforcement designs. Steel and Composite Structures, 33(5),729–746. https://doi.org/10.12989/SCS.2019.33.5.729
17. [17] Ülger T., Tension Field Performance of GFRP Plate Shear Walls, Celal Bayar University Journal of Science, Volume 18, Issue 2, 2022, p 149-160. Doi:10.18466/cbayarfbe.1015437
18. [18] Vatansever C. and Yardimci N., 2011, Experimental investigation of thin steel plate shear walls with different infill-to-boundary frame connections, Steel and Composite Structures, Vol. 11, No. 3, 251-271
19. [19] Hibbit, Karlsson, Sorenson, Inc., (HKS), ABAQUS / Standard Theory Manual, Student Edition 6.13. Pawtucket, R.I.
20. [20] SAP2000 V14, Computers and Structures, Inc. 1995 University Ave. Berkeley, CA.
21. [21] Timler, P. A. and Kulak, G. L., 1983. Experimental study of steel plate shear walls, Structural Engineering Report, 114, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta, Canada.
22. [22] Dusak, S., Yalçın, C., Yelgin, A. N. "Experimental Investigation of Using Sandwich Panels as Infill Plate in a Steel Plate Shear Wall". Technical Journal 31 (2020): 10413-10439
23. [23] ATC-24, (1992). “Guidelines for cyclic seismic testing of components of steel structures.” Applied Technology Council, California.