Rose Leaf Diseases Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks with Texture-Based Patch-Wise Selection

Abstract

In agricultural, early detection of leaf diseases enables control targeted at less chemical input, environmental impact, and expense. Towards this end, the see-and-spray strategy has been sought more intensely in recent decades in applications such as spot/precision spraying and UAV-based treatments. Because roses are converted into high-value medicinal and aromatic products, early identification of leaf diseases prevents quality losses and yield reductions, allowing selective pesticide application and timely intervention. In turn, this optimizes input use and lowers production costs. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used for leaf disease detection; however, resizing images to meet fixed input dimensions can cause information loss and hinder the capture of subtle disease cues. To address this limitation, we propose a new approach that combines texture-based patch selection with CNN models for classifying rose leaf diseases. Texture-based patch selection provides a patch-wise pipeline that preserves fine lesion patterns otherwise lost when full images are resized for CNN input. A public rose leaf disease dataset was used. Each dataset image was initially divided into four patches of 224×224 pixels, and the patches with the highest information content were selected using Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Local Binary Patterns (LBP), and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG). The selected patches were classified using nine different CNN models. These CNN models were evaluated using transfer learning and five-fold cross-validation. Experimental results show that LBP-based patch-wise selection combined with DenseNet121 model achieved an accuracy of 95.73 ± 0.87%, while GLCM-based selection with DenseNet201 achieved 95.48 ± 0.70%. The findings indicate that texture-based patch selection can aid the detection of diseased regions on rose leaves and enable targeted pesticide application.

Keywords

• Rose leaf disease
• patch-wise selection
• texture analysis
• convolutional neural network
• detection
• precision spraying

Doku Tabanlı Yama-Bilgi Seçimi ile Evrişimsel Sinir Ağları Kullanılarak Gül Yaprağı Hastalıklarının Tespiti

Öz

Tarımda, yaprak hastalıklarının erken tespiti, hedefe yönelik mücadeleyi mümkün kılmakla birlikte kimyasal kullanımını, çevresel etkiyi ve maliyetleri azaltabilir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda son zamanlarda noktasal veya drone ilaçlamaları gibi uygulamalarda algıla ve ilaçla mantığı popülerleşmiştir. Gül, tıbbi ve aromatik bir bitki olarak yüksek katma değerli ürünlere dönüştürüldüğünden, yaprak hastalıklarının erken tespiti; kalite kayıplarını ve verim düşüşünü önleyerek selektif ilaçlama ve zamanında müdahale olanağı sunar. Böylece girdi kullanımını optimize eder ve üretim maliyetlerini azaltır. Yaprak hastalıklarının tespitinde yaygın olarak evrişimsel sinir ağı (CNN) modelleri kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, modellerin giriş boyutuna uyum sağlamak amacıyla görüntü boyutlarının küçültülmesi, görüntülerde bilgi kayıplarının yaşanmasına ve bazı ince hastalık detaylarının belirlenememesine neden olmaktadır. Bu sorunu çözmek amacıyla çalışmada, gül yaprağı hastalıklarının sınıflandırılması için doku tabanlı yama seçim stratejisini CNN modelleriyle birleştiren yeni bir yaklaşım önerilmiştir. Doku tabanlı yama seçimi, bu çalışmadaki görüntülerin CNN için yeniden boyutlandırılmasında kaybolan ince lezyon desenlerini koruyan yama bazlı bir işlem hattı sunmaktadır. Çalışmada, gül yaprak hastalıklarını içeren açık erişimli bir veriseti kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle verisetindeki her bir görüntü 224 x 224 piksel boyutundaki dört yamaya bölünmüş, ardından Gri Düzeyi Eş Oluşum Matrisi (GLCM), Yerel İkili Desenler (LBP) ve Yönlendirilmiş Gradyanların Histogramı (HOG) teknikleri kullanılarak en yüksek bilgi yoğunluğuna sahip görüntü yamaları seçilmiştir. Seçilen bu yamalar, 9 farklı CNN modeliyle sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu CNN modelleri, transfer öğrenme ve 5-kat çapraz doğrulama yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlara göre LBP-doku tabanlı yama seçimi ve DenseNet121 modelinde %95.73 ± 0.87 ve GLCM-doku tabanlı yama seçimi ve DenseNet201 modelinde ise %95.48 ± 0.70 doğruluk değerleri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, doku tabanlı yama seçiminin gül yaprağı üzerindeki hastalıklı bölgelerin tespiti ve hedefe yönelik ilaç uygulamasına katkı sağlayabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gül yaprak hastalığı
• yama-bilgi seçimi
• doku analizi
• evrişimli sinir ağı
• tespit
• hassas püskürtme

Kaynakça

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