Mikroklimatik Farklılıkların Fotovoltaik Panel Verimliliği Üzerine Etkisi: Tipik Meteorolojik Erzurum Yılı İçin Ova İçi ve Yamaç Yerleşimlerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Öz

Erzurum gibi yüksek rakımlı ve karmaşık topografyaya sahip bölgelerde fotovoltaik (PV) sistemlerin performansı, standart ışınım haritalarının öngördüğünden daha karmaşık atmosferik süreçlerin etkisi altındadır. Bu çalışmada, kış aylarında Erzurum havzasında karakteristik olarak gözlemlenen sıcaklık terselmesi (enverziyon) ve buna bağlı gelişen partikül madde birikiminin (kirlilik tuzağı) PV verimliliği üzerindeki etkisi mikroklimatik bir modelleme ile incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, havza tabanı (1850 m) ve atmosferik sınır tabakasının üzerinde kalan yamaç (1950 m) lokasyonları için Tipik Meteorolojik Yıl (TMY) verileri, Mie saçılması ve termal tabakalaşma prensiplerine göre modifiye edilerek iki farklı senaryo oluşturulmuştur. Simülasyon sonuçları, yamaç yerleşiminin yıllık toplam enerji üretiminde ova senaryosuna kıyasla %10,47 oranında (yaklaşık 35 kWh/kWp) bir artış sağladığını göstermektedir. Bu farkın temel nedeninin, kış aylarında ovada oluşan yoğun aerosol tabakasının doğrudan normal ışınımı (DNI) sönümlemesi (%40 varan kayıp) ve yamaçlarda enverziyon kaynaklı daha ılıman bir termal rejim (+4°C) oluşması olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bulgular, Erzurum gibi derin vadilere sahip soğuk iklim bölgelerinde PV yer seçiminde "düz arazi" paradigmasının terk edilerek, kirlilik ve sis katmanının üzerindeki güney cepheli yamaçların tercih edilmesinin, tekno-ekonomik verimliliği artıran kritik bir strateji olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fotovoltaik performans
• Sıcaklık enverziyonu
• Mie saçılması
• Mikroklima
• Yer seçimi
• Erzurum.

The Effect of Microclimatic Variations on Photovoltaic Panel Efficiency: Comparative Analysis of Plain and Slope Settlements for a Typical Meteorological Year in Erzurum

Öz

In high-altitude regions with complex topography, such as Erzurum, the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by atmospheric processes that are more complex than standard irradiance maps predict. This study investigates the impact of temperature inversion and the associated particulate matter accumulation (pollution trap), characteristic of the Erzurum basin during winter, on PV efficiency through microclimatic modeling. Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) data were modified based on Mie scattering and thermal stratification principles to create two distinct scenarios: the basin floor (1850 m) and the slope location (1950 m) situated above the atmospheric boundary layer. Simulation results indicate that the slope placement provides a 10.47% increase (approximately 35 kWh/kWp) in annual total energy generation compared to the basin scenario. It was determined that the primary drivers of this disparity are the attenuation of Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) by the dense aerosol layer in the basin during winter (up to 40% loss) and the occurrence of a milder thermal regime (+4°C) on the slopes due to inversion. The findings demonstrate that in cold climate regions with deep valleys like Erzurum, abandoning the "flat terrain" paradigm in favor of south-facing slopes above the pollution and fog layer is a critical strategy for enhancing techno-economic efficiency in PV site selection.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Photovoltaic performance
• Temperature inversion
• Mie scattering
• Microclimate
• Site selection
• Erzurum

Kaynakça

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