Elektrikli ve Konvansiyonel Otomobil Tribolojisi: Yeni Eğilimler ve Uygulamalar
Öz
Otomotiv sektörü, günümüzde teknolojik açıdan öncü ve önemli bir çalışma alanıdır. Aynı şekilde
“sürtünme, aşınma, yağlama bilimi ve teknolojisi” olarak tanımlanan triboloji de otomotiv sektörü için
büyük bir ağırlığa sahiptir. Otomobillerin ve bileşenlerinin çalışma performansını ve ömürlerini belirleyen
temel bileşenler, triboloji esaslıdır.
Bu çalışmada otomobillerdeki tribolojik bileşenler; sistematik bir şekilde incelenerek, güncel çalışmalar ve
yeni eğilimler ışığında otomotiv tribolojisine yeni bir bakış penceresi açılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında
otomobillerdeki motor, fren, lastik, aktarma organları, yağlama, termal etkiler ve malzeme açısından
sağlanan kazanımlar; triboloji biliminin temel verileri esas alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca tribolojik
açıdan önemli avantajlar sağlayan elektrikli taşıtlar, içten yanmalı motora sahip otomobillerle tribolojik
açıdan karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Electrical and Conventional Automobile Tribology: New Trends and Applications
Öz
Over 1 billion automobile moves in the traffic
throughout the world and approximately 35 million
new automobile is added to this number every year.
This causes a great energy consumption and
environmental pollution.
Tribology defined as ''friction, wear, lubrication
science and technology'' has a great importance in
terms of automotive industry. Major part of the
energy consumed in automobiles is used to create
frictions or overcome the frictions. Likewise the
most important factor determining the lives of
automobile and their components is the wear
occurred on the surface of the material and meant as
unwanted material loss.
Automobiles are like a wide gallery of tribological
elements and they consist of a large number of
tribological components having different movements
and contact forms.
In this study, tribological components in the
automobiles are examined in a systematic way and a
new window is opened in the automobile tribology in
the light of the latest trends.
Within the scope of the study, gains derived from
engine, brake, clutch, drive train, lubrication, basic
effects and material are evaluated depending on the
fundamental data of tribology science.
Hybrid and electric vehicles provide important gains
in also tribological terms besides the benefits for
ecological, economic energy use etc. These new
vehicle technologies open highly productive working
areas and new horizons for the tribologists.
Here, high efficiency of electric machines (M/G) and
advantages of electric vehicles in energy recovery
(operable in generator mode, regenerative braking,
making use of gravity, compliance with
electromechanical battery systems etc.) are critical.
Particularly in electric vehicles, tribology based
noises are reduced to a large extent like mechanical,
aerodynamic and road-tire contact.
Apart from that, general tribological studies in
automotive industry are conducted separately and/or
interactively in design, manufacturing, usage,
maintenance and repair fields.
In manufacturing stages of automobiles; it will
provide important gains like selection of materials
with high machinability, formability and
manufacturing capabilities, using manufacturing
method and processes with low energy need;
application of functional surface modifications and
coatings; using manufacturing processes with low
ratio of waste; expanding die manufacturing instead
of machining; application of manufacturing just in
time technologies etc.
For usage stages of automobiles; it's required to
develop and apply autonomous driving systems that
minimize the driver's initiative to reduce driver
errors and performance decreasing applications.
In maintenance-repair stages of automobiles;
developing and applying new maintenance-repair
technologies, integrating protective maintenance
applications with in-vehicle diagnosis system.
Inclusion of instant situations of tire pressures,
lubricants and bearings into on-vehicle diagnostic
system.
Tribology constitutes the important key technology
to obtain high performance in providing the stability
of vehicle dynamic under critical conditions;
efficiency of air-conditioning system in the vehicle,
acceleration and deceleration and ensuring ideal
driving conditions.
Designing philosophy of automobile components are
changed through tribological approach. General
aim in tribological design of the automobile
components, in other words tribo-design and in
selection of general parameters of the tribological
system is directed towards optimization instead of
maximization and minimization.
As a result, tribology based studies constitute the
major part of the research, development and
innovation activities carried out in automotive
industry today.
Anahtar Kelimeler
