Sonlu Elemanlar Yaklaşımı Kullanılarak Sandviç Yapının Modal Analizi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 717 - 724

Kübra Çağla Çıbıkçı

https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1697649

Öz

Otomotiv, havacılık, denizcilik ve ileri mühendislik uygulamalarında sandviç yapılar, yüksek mukavemet/ağırlık oranı, aşınma direnci ve iyi yüzey kalitesi gibi üstün özelliklerinden dolayı giderek daha fazla tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, sandviç yapıların doğal frekansları ve mod şekilleri incelenmiş; farklı sınır koşullarının ve malzeme kombinasyonlarının titreşim karakteristikleri üzerine etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Modal analizler ANSYS yazılımı kullanılarak Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi (SEM) ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve üretilen sonlu elemanlar modeli literatür verileriyle karşılaştırılarak doğrulanmıştır. Modelde, üst ve alt yüzeylerde karbon çeliği ve karbon fiber takviyeli plastik (CFRP) malzemeler; çekirdek tabakasında ise poliüretan elastomer matrisli fiber ve PVC köpük kullanılmıştır. Bulgular modelin doğruluğunu ve geçerliliğini ortaya koymakta; ayrıca sınır koşullarının ve malzeme tiplerinin doğal frekanslar üzerindeki etkilerini göstererek mühendislik tasarımlarında yapılacak parametrik analizler için temel oluşturmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Modal Analiz , Mod Şekli , Doğal Frekans , Sandviç Yapı

Modal Analysis of Sandwich Structure Using Finite Element Approach

Öz

In automotive, aviation, marine and advanced engineering applications, sandwich structures are increasingly preferred due to their superior properties such as high strength to weight ratio, wear resistance, and good surface quality. In this study, the natural frequencies and mode shapes of sandwich structures were investigated, and the effects of different boundary conditions and material combinations on their vibration characteristics were evaluated. Modal analyses were performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) via ANSYS software, and the generated model was validated by comparing with existing literature data. In the model, carbon steel and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) were used as the face sheet materials, while polyurethane elastomer matrix fiber and PVC foam were used as the core material. According to the results, the sandwich structure with a PVC foam core exhibited a 178.6% increase in the first natural frequency compared to the structure with a polyurethane elastomer matrix fiber core. Boundary conditions had a significant impact on natural frequencies, with the completely fixed (C–C–C–C) configuration yielding values 28.6% higher than the completely free (F–F–F–F) condition. Sandwich structures with fully CFRP face sheets showed a 27.7% higher natural frequency than those with hybrid face sheets. These findings demonstrate that the dynamic performance of sandwich structures is highly sensitive to boundary conditions as well as the types of core and face sheet materials, emphasizing the importance of appropriate material and geometric configuration in engineering design.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Modal Analysis , Mode Shape , Natural Frequency , Sandwich Structure

Kaynakça

• [1] U. Demircioğlu & M.T. Çakır, “An investigation of the influence of various shaped cutouts on the free vibration behavior of sandwich structures,” Sakarya University Journal of Science, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 687-694, 2022. Doi: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1063422
• [2] H. Elangovan & V. Rajamohan, “Numerical and experimental approach on vibration characterization of non-uniform hybrid sandwich plates,” Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, pp. 1-33, 2025. Doi: 10.1080/15376494.2024.2449502
• [3] K. N Shivakumar, S. D. Argade, R. L. Sadler, M. M. Sharpe, L. Dunn, G. Swaminathan, & U. Sorathia, “Processing and properties of a lightweight fire resistant core material for sandwich structures,” Journal of advanced materials, vol. 38, no.1, pp.32-38, 2006.
• [4] V. N. Burlayenko & T. Sadowski, “Analysis of structural performance of sandwich plates with foam-filled aluminum hexagonal honeycomb core,” Computational Materials Science, vol.45, no.3, pp.658-662, 2009. Doi: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2008.08.018
• [5] S. Gürgen and M. A. Sofuoğlu, “Vibration attenuation of sandwich structures filled with shear thickening fluids,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 186, no. October 2019, 2020, Doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107831. Doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107831
• [6] D. Kumar, V. Kallannavar, S. Kattimani, & B. R. P. Reddy, “Dynamic analysis of laminated composite sandwich plates with a circular hole,” In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 1136, No. 1, p. 012050. IOP Publishing, 2021, June. Doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/1136/1/012050
• [7] R. Manoharan, N. M. Kurhe, I. B. Shedbale, & U. D. Charapale, “Modal analysis of hybrid laminated composite sandwich plate,” Mater Today Proc, vol.5, pp.1245-1246, 2018. Doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.02.225
• [8] Apalak, M. Kemal, M. Yildirim, and R. Ekici, “Layer optimization for maximum fundamental frequency of laminated composite plates for different edge conditions,” Composite Science and Technology, vol.68, pp.537-550, 2008. Doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.06.031
• [9] M. Kumar, V. R. Kar, & M. L. Chandravanshi, “Free vibration analysis of sandwich composite plate with honeycomb core,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol.56, pp.931-935, 2022. Doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.02.561
• [10] M. B. Jalali, & A. Doğan, “Farkli Sinir Şartlari Ve Farkli Tabaklanma Açilari İçin Tabakali Kompozit Balpeteği Sandviç Plağin Serbest Titreşim Frekanslarinin Karşilaştirilmasi,” Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.28, no.1, pp.293-306, 2023. Doi: 10.17482/uumfd.1150777
• [11] P. F. P. Hose, & D. A. Krishna, “Free vibration analysis of polymer composite plates reinforced with graphene platelets,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol.65, pp.961-968, 2022. Doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.531
• [12] S. W. Prashant, V. N. Chougule, & A. C. Mitra, “Investigation on modal parameters of rectangular cantilever beam using experimental modal analysis,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol.2, no.4-5, pp. 2121-2130, 2015. Doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2015.07.214
• [13] R. Potluri, M. N. Raju, & K. R. P. Babu, “Finite element analysis of cellular foam core sandwich structures,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol.4, no.2, pp.2501-2510, 2017. Doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.103
• [14] M. M. Lashin, & A. O. El-Nady, “Free vibration analysis of sandwich beam structure using finite element approach,” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering Ver. Vol.I, no.12, pp.2278-1684, 2015. Doi: 10.9790/1684-12613442
• [15] S. Maraş, & M. Yaman, “Investigation of dynamic properties of GLARE and CARALL hybrid composites: Numerical and experimental results,” Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 155, pp. 484-499, 2023. Doi: 10.1016/j.enganabound.2023.06.026
• [16] S. Maraş, & M. Yaman, “Experimental and numerical investigation of free vibration behaviours of sandwich syntactic foams,” In Structures, vol. 58, pp. 105390, 2023. Doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105390
• [17] S. Maraş, “Free Vibration and Buckling Analyses of Balsa Core Sandwich Composite Plates With Fiber Metal Laminate Facesheets Using the Generalized Differential Quadrature Method,” Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 50, no.12, pp. 9583-9610, 2025. Doi: 10.1007/s13369-024-09517-1
• [18] S. Maraş, & M. Yaman, “Free vibration analysis of fiber-metal laminated composite plates using differential, generalized and harmonic quadrature methods: experimental and numerical studies,” Engineering Computations, vol. 39, no.6, pp. 2326-2349, 2022. Doi: 10.1108/EC-08-2021-0490
• [19] R. C. Ariesta, A. Zubaydi, A. Ismail, & T. Tuswan, “Identification of damage size effect of natural frequency on sandwich material using free vibration analysis,” NAŠE MORE: znanstveni časopis za more i pomorstvo, vol.69, no.1, pp.1-8, 2022. Doi: 10.17818/NM/2022/1.1
• [20] F.A. Ghasemi, R. Paknejad and K.M. Fard, “Effects of geometrical and material parameters on free vibration analysis of fiber metal laminated plates,” Mechanics and Industry, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 229-238, 2013. Doi: 10.1051/meca/2013062.
• [21] L. Hadji & M. Avcar, “Free vibration analysis of FG Porous Sandwich Plates under‎ various boundary conditions,” Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, vol.7, no.2, pp.505-519, 2021.
• [22] S. R. Farsani, A. Ramian, R. A. Jafari-Talookolaei, P. S. Valvo, & M. Abedi, “Free vibration analysis of rectangular sandwich plates with compressible core and various boundary conditions,” Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials, vol.23, no.8, pp.4077-4106, 2021. Doi: 10.1177/1099636220979