Araştırma Makalesi
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Halk Anlatılarının Çevirisi Yoluyla Milli Kimliğin İnşası

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 111 - 125, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.55179/dusbed.1823875

Öz

Fransız İhtilali ile ivme kazanan milliyetçilik hareketleri çok uluslu imparatorlukları yıkmış ve ulus devletlerin doğuşuna sebep olmuştur. Bu durum millet ve milliyetçilik olgularının entelektüeller tarafından yeniden irdelenmesine yol açmıştır. Böylelikle milletlerin oluşumu üzerine modernist ve etnosembolist düşünceler ortaya çıkmıştır. Millet olgusunun inşa, icat ve hayal edilebileceğini savunan modernist kuramları, milletin kökenlerinin ortak değer, mit, sembol ve hatıralara dayandığını savunan etnosembolist düşünceler ile birleştiren çalışmamız, milli kimlik inşa sürecini çeviri, tarih ve folklor bağlamında inceleyen bir Model ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmamızın amacı folklorik anlatıların çevirilerinden elde edilen kültürel öğelerin elit arketiplerce milli kimlik inşasında kullanılabileceğini göstermektir. Bu düşünceyi test etmek için Bozkurt ve Ergenekon örnekleri beş basamaklı Modelimiz kapsamında kullanmıştır. Sonuç olarak Çin kaynaklarından çeviri yoluyla günümüze ulaşan bu anlatılardan elde edilen Bozkurt ve Demirci gibi motiflerin elit arketiplerce toplum algısında milli kimlik oluşturmak için kullanıldığı ortaya koyulmuştur. Çalışmamız literatür taraması, amaca yönelik örneklem ve Bozkurt destanına yönelik vaka çalışmasını içeren nitel bir araştırmadır.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism (Rev. ed.). Verso.
  • Aristotle. (2017). Politika (F. Akderin, Çev.; 3. bs.). Say Yayınları.
  • Blanchard, K. (1983). [Review of the book the history of folklore in Europe, by G. Cocchiara; J. N. McDaniel, Trans.]. American Ethnologist, 10(1), 200–201. https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1983.10.1.02a00250
  • Confucius. (2013). Analects: With selections from traditional commentaries (E. G. Slingerland, Trans.). Hackett Publishing Company.
  • Conversi, D. (2007). Mapping the field: Theories of nationalism and the ethnosymbolic approach. In S. Grosby & A. S. Leoussi (Eds.), Nationalism and ethnosymbolism: History, culture and ethnicity in the formation of nations (pp. 15–30). Edinburgh University Press.
  • Conversi, D. (2012). Modernism and nationalism. Journal of Political Ideologies, 17(1), 13–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569317.2012.644982
  • Çandarlıoğlu, G. (1975). Türk destan ve kahramanları (V) Bozkurt. Ötüken, 136(4), 18–19. https://www.milliyetcidergiler.org/dergi/otuken-sayi-136-1975/13355
  • Erkoç, H. İ. (2018). Çin ve Tibet kaynaklarına göre Göktürk mitleri. Belleten, 82(293), 51–82. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2018.51
  • Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures: Selected essays. Basic Books.
  • Gellner, E. (1964). Thought and change. Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
  • Gellner, E. (2006). Nations and nationalism (2nd ed.). Blackwell.
  • Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Polity Press.
  • Giddens, A. (2007). The constitution of society: Outline of the theory of structuration. Polity Press.
  • Gökalp, Z. (1968). Türkçülüğün esasları (7. bs.). Varlık Yayınevi.
  • Hobsbawm, E. J. (1992). Nations and nationalism since 1780: Programme, myth, reality (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Hobsbawm, E. J. & Ranger, T. O. (Eds.). (2013). The invention of tradition. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J. & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind: Intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival. McGraw-Hill.
  • Ibn Khaldun. (2007). Mukaddime (Cilt 1, 5. bs., S. Uludağ, Haz.). Dergâh Yayınları.
  • Jakobson, R. (1959). On linguistic aspects of translation. In R. A. Brower (Ed.), On translation (pp. 232–239). Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674731615.c18
  • Kilincoglu, D. T. (2024). The national mind: Emotion, cognition, and nationalism. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48245-8
  • Konfüçyus. (2021). Konuşmalar (G. Fidan, Çev.; Y. Bojun, Dü.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Latham, M. E. (2000). Modernization as ideology: American social science and nation building in the Kennedy era. University of North Carolina Press.
  • Malatya İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü. (t.y.). Atatürk ve Malatya. https://malatya.ktb.gov.tr/TR-58264/ataturk-ve-malatya.html
  • Özkırımlı, U. (2005). Contemporary debates on nationalism: A critical engagement. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Özkırımlı, U. (2017). Theories of nationalism: A critical introduction (3rd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Reisigl, M. & Wodak, R. (2001). Discourse and discrimination: Rhetorics of racism and antisemitism. Routledge. Roth, K. (1998). Crossing boundaries: The translation and cultural adaptation of folk narratives. Fabula, 39(3–4), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1515/fabl.1998.39.3-4.243
  • Saraç, M. M. (2019). Translation of folkloric narratives for national identity building [Yüksek lisans tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi]. Gazi Üniversitesi Açık Arşiv.
  • Sepetçioğlu, M. N. (1976). Türk destanları (2. bs.). Toker Yayınları.
  • Smith, A. D. (1991). National identity. Penguin.
  • Smith, A. D. (1998). Nationalism and modernism. Routledge.
  • Smith, A. D. (2002). When is a nation? Geopolitics, 7(2), 5–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650040208407743
  • Smith, A. D. (2010). Nationalism: Theory, ideology, history. Polity Press.
  • Staszak, J. F. (2009). Other/otherness. In R. Kitchin & N. Thrift (Eds.), International encyclopedia of human geography (pp. 43–47). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044910-4.00980-9
  • Tergip, A. (2014). Türk atasözleri ve deyimlerinde kötüleme ifadeleri. Folklor/Edebiyat, 20(80), 275–294.
  • Turchin, P. (2016, 20 Nisan). Who are the elites? Peter Turchin. https://peterturchin.com/who-are-the-elites/ Venuti, L. (1993). Translation as cultural politics: Regimes of domestication in English. Textual Practice, 7(2), 208–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502369308582166

Constructing National Identity Through The Translation of Folkloric Narratives

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 111 - 125, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.55179/dusbed.1823875

Öz

Nationalist movements, which gained momentum following the French Revolution, contributed to the decline of multinational empires and paved the way for the emergence of nation-states. This led to a re-examination of the concepts of nation and nationalism by intellectuals. By combining modernist theories that argue that the concept of nation can be constructed, invented, and imagined with ethnosymbolist ideas that argue that the origins of the nation are rooted in shared values, myths, symbols, and memories, our study has presented a model that examines the process of national identity construction within the context of translation, history, and folklore. Our study aims to demonstrate that elite archetypes can utilize cultural elements derived from the translation of folkloric narratives in the construction of national identity. To test this idea, the examples of Bozkurt and Ergenekon are used within our five-stage model. Consequently, it is demonstrated that motifs such as Bozkurt (Greywolf) and Demirci (Forger), derived from these narratives that were transferred through translation from Chinese sources, were used by elite archetypes to construct national identity in the people's perception. Our study is qualitative research that includes a literature review, purposive sampling, and a case study on the Bozkurt epic.

Etik Beyan

This study does not involve human or animal participants. All procedures followed scientific and ethical principles, and all referenced studies are appropriately cited. This article is derived from an unpublished doctoral thesis prepared by Muhammed Mustafa SARAÇ under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Giray FİDAN at the Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University Institute of Graduate Programs.

Destekleyen Kurum

Muhammed Mustafa SARAÇ is supported under the TÜBİTAK Science Fellowships and Grant Programme Directorate (BİDEB) 2211-National PhD Scholarship Programs.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism (Rev. ed.). Verso.
  • Aristotle. (2017). Politika (F. Akderin, Çev.; 3. bs.). Say Yayınları.
  • Blanchard, K. (1983). [Review of the book the history of folklore in Europe, by G. Cocchiara; J. N. McDaniel, Trans.]. American Ethnologist, 10(1), 200–201. https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1983.10.1.02a00250
  • Confucius. (2013). Analects: With selections from traditional commentaries (E. G. Slingerland, Trans.). Hackett Publishing Company.
  • Conversi, D. (2007). Mapping the field: Theories of nationalism and the ethnosymbolic approach. In S. Grosby & A. S. Leoussi (Eds.), Nationalism and ethnosymbolism: History, culture and ethnicity in the formation of nations (pp. 15–30). Edinburgh University Press.
  • Conversi, D. (2012). Modernism and nationalism. Journal of Political Ideologies, 17(1), 13–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569317.2012.644982
  • Çandarlıoğlu, G. (1975). Türk destan ve kahramanları (V) Bozkurt. Ötüken, 136(4), 18–19. https://www.milliyetcidergiler.org/dergi/otuken-sayi-136-1975/13355
  • Erkoç, H. İ. (2018). Çin ve Tibet kaynaklarına göre Göktürk mitleri. Belleten, 82(293), 51–82. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2018.51
  • Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures: Selected essays. Basic Books.
  • Gellner, E. (1964). Thought and change. Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
  • Gellner, E. (2006). Nations and nationalism (2nd ed.). Blackwell.
  • Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Polity Press.
  • Giddens, A. (2007). The constitution of society: Outline of the theory of structuration. Polity Press.
  • Gökalp, Z. (1968). Türkçülüğün esasları (7. bs.). Varlık Yayınevi.
  • Hobsbawm, E. J. (1992). Nations and nationalism since 1780: Programme, myth, reality (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Hobsbawm, E. J. & Ranger, T. O. (Eds.). (2013). The invention of tradition. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J. & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind: Intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival. McGraw-Hill.
  • Ibn Khaldun. (2007). Mukaddime (Cilt 1, 5. bs., S. Uludağ, Haz.). Dergâh Yayınları.
  • Jakobson, R. (1959). On linguistic aspects of translation. In R. A. Brower (Ed.), On translation (pp. 232–239). Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674731615.c18
  • Kilincoglu, D. T. (2024). The national mind: Emotion, cognition, and nationalism. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48245-8
  • Konfüçyus. (2021). Konuşmalar (G. Fidan, Çev.; Y. Bojun, Dü.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Latham, M. E. (2000). Modernization as ideology: American social science and nation building in the Kennedy era. University of North Carolina Press.
  • Malatya İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü. (t.y.). Atatürk ve Malatya. https://malatya.ktb.gov.tr/TR-58264/ataturk-ve-malatya.html
  • Özkırımlı, U. (2005). Contemporary debates on nationalism: A critical engagement. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Özkırımlı, U. (2017). Theories of nationalism: A critical introduction (3rd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Reisigl, M. & Wodak, R. (2001). Discourse and discrimination: Rhetorics of racism and antisemitism. Routledge. Roth, K. (1998). Crossing boundaries: The translation and cultural adaptation of folk narratives. Fabula, 39(3–4), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1515/fabl.1998.39.3-4.243
  • Saraç, M. M. (2019). Translation of folkloric narratives for national identity building [Yüksek lisans tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi]. Gazi Üniversitesi Açık Arşiv.
  • Sepetçioğlu, M. N. (1976). Türk destanları (2. bs.). Toker Yayınları.
  • Smith, A. D. (1991). National identity. Penguin.
  • Smith, A. D. (1998). Nationalism and modernism. Routledge.
  • Smith, A. D. (2002). When is a nation? Geopolitics, 7(2), 5–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650040208407743
  • Smith, A. D. (2010). Nationalism: Theory, ideology, history. Polity Press.
  • Staszak, J. F. (2009). Other/otherness. In R. Kitchin & N. Thrift (Eds.), International encyclopedia of human geography (pp. 43–47). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044910-4.00980-9
  • Tergip, A. (2014). Türk atasözleri ve deyimlerinde kötüleme ifadeleri. Folklor/Edebiyat, 20(80), 275–294.
  • Turchin, P. (2016, 20 Nisan). Who are the elites? Peter Turchin. https://peterturchin.com/who-are-the-elites/ Venuti, L. (1993). Translation as cultural politics: Regimes of domestication in English. Textual Practice, 7(2), 208–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502369308582166
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kültürel çalışmalar (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Muhammed Mustafa Saraç 0000-0003-0399-4023

Giray Fidan 0000-0002-5002-9253

Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 26 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Saraç, M. M., & Fidan, G. (2025). Constructing National Identity Through The Translation of Folkloric Narratives. Düzce Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(2), 111-125. https://doi.org/10.55179/dusbed.1823875