BİLİM VE TEKNOLOJİ PARKLARININ BÖLGESEL REKABETTEKİ STRATEJİK ÖNEMİ: TÜRK HAVACILIK VE SAVUNMA SANAYİİ AÇISINDAN BİR ÖNERİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 1 - 17, 26.12.2018

İsmail Hakkı Eraslan , Cahit Aydemir , Murat Bayat , Abdussamet Ataseven

Öz

Birçok ülke, uzun zamandan beri, ekonomik büyümenin ve rekabet edilebilirliğin itici gücü olan bilim ve teknoloji parklarını geliştirme stratejisi olarak kabul etmiş ve kurmuştur. İngiltere, Fransa, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Tayvan ve Güney Kore gibi ülkeler, insan kaynağı ve yenilikçiliğe yatırım yapmış olup, başarıları ise dikkatlice hazırladıkları planlara ve stratejilere dayanmaktadır. Bilim ve teknoloji parklarının ana sonucu olan teknoloji, ekonomik büyümenin birincil itici gücüdür ve bölgesel gelişmişlik düzeyine erişmenin kilit anahtarıdır. Bu nedenle, ekonomik büyüme ve gelişmişlik düzeyini yakalamak isteyen ülkeler, bilim ve teknolojiye önemli yatırımlar yapmalıdır. Bu ise, rekabetçi bir dünyada, rekabet edebilir düzeyde insan kapasitesi geliştirilerek elde edilir. Küreselleşen Dünya’da, bilim ve teknoloji parkları; temel bilimleri, araştırma ve geliştirmeyi, teknolojiyi, sürdürülebilir bölgesel kalkınmayı ve herhangi bir sanayi alanında rekabet edilebilir düzeyi elde edebilmek için oldukça önemli aşamaya gelmiştir. Bu nedenle, bilim ve teknoloji parklarına dayalı bir model oluşturmak, ulusal kalkınma ve bölgesel rekabet edilebilirliği sağlamak için önemli bir yaklaşımdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bilim ve teknoloji parklarının havacılık ve savunma sanayii üzerindeki ve yeni endüstriyel politikalar üzerindeki yapıcı, pozitif etkilerini analiz etmektir. Çalışmanın amacını gerçekleştirmek için kapsamlı bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Geniş bir literatür taramasıyla birlikte, araştırma yapmak için iki farklı veri toplama tekniği (odak grup görüşmeleri ve derinlemesine görüşme tekniği) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın analizi için tanımlayıcı teknik kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; bilim ve teknoloji parkları bölgesel kalkınmada ana rolde iken, araştırma ve geliştirme yeteneği üzerinde oldukça önemli etkiye sahiptir. Ayrıca inovasyon kabiliyeti ile de herhangi bir endüstri alanını gelişim için teşvik eder. Araştırmayı analiz ettikten sonra, bölgesel kalkınma için havacılık ve savunma sanayiinin içsel yapısı aracılığıyla bilim ve teknoloji parklarını da içeren kavramsal bir çerçeve oluşturulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bilim ve Teknoloji Parkları, Rekabet Edilebilirlik, Bölgesel Rekabet Edilebilirlik, Havacılık, Uzay ve Savunma Sanayii, Strateji

THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PARKS (STPS) ON REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS: SUGGESTIONS FOR TURKISH AEROSPACE AND DEFENSE (A&D) INDUSTRY

Öz

Many countries have established science and technology parks (STPs) as part of a strategy to develop engines of growth and competitiveness since for a long time. For example, the United Kingdom and France benefited tremendously from the industrial revolution in the 19th century, and the United States emerged from an agrarian economy into an industrial superpower in the 20th century. Taiwan and South Korea became industrialized countries by exploiting advances in silicon microelectronics from the early 1960s. Most recently, China and India have emerged as industrial leaders in manufacturing and information technologies, respectively. All of these countries invested quite heavily in people and innovations1 and their success were based on carefully designed plans and strategies. Unfortunately, in many, if not all, of the developing countries, technology is being viewed as a consumable item, not something that can be produced or created. Technology is the primary engine of the economic growth and provides the key to unlocking any region’s potential. Hence, countries that want to develop must invest significantly in science and technology. This is achieved by developing the talent, the human capacity required to compete in a globally competitive world. In this point, since the world has evolved as a global village, STPs have become crucially important for sustaining regional development and gaining competitive advantage irrespective of country and sub-sector of any industry. Thus, it is an important approach to depend on STPs’ model and their resources to realize regional competitiveness to enhance national development.

The purpose of this paper is to do research on STPs that are most conducive to maximising the positive effects of the implementation of new industrial policy to regional development and competitiveness by regarding aerospace and defense (A&D) industry. In order to realize this aim, a comprehensive study has been done during research. Along with wide range of literature review, two different data collection techniques (focus groups and in-depth interviews) were also conducted to accomplish research. Descriptive technique was used for analysing the research. According to the research results, an STP play a major role for regional development, has a significant impact on research and development capability as well as innovation ability, thereof foster any industry. After analysing the research a conceptual model was also suggested for regional development by considering STPs via A&D industry’s indigenous structure.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Science and Technology Parks (STPs), Competitiveness, Regional Competitiveness, Aerospace and Defense Industry, Strategy

Kaynakça

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