Impact of Diazinon Standard on Histopathological and Ultrastructural Properties on Brain Tissue of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Abstract

In this study, the histopathological and ultrastructural alterations in the brain tissue of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to a sublethal concentration of diazinon standard for 21 days were determined. For this purpose, O. niloticus individuals were exposed to 280 µg/L (LC50/10) diazinon concentration for 21 days and on the 7th, 14th and 21st days of the exposure, the brain samples of these individuals were removed. After the histological and ultrastructural preparations of the brain samples, the prepared samples were evaluated with light and transmission electron microscopes (TEM). Examination of the samples indicated that a sublethal dose of diazinon induced histopathological and ultrastructural modifications in the brain tissue of O. niloticus. The severity of these alterations was increased with the duration of the time. The most severe histopathological alteration was necrosis determined on the 14th and 21st days of exposure. However, histopathologically the most frequent changes were cloudy swelling, hypertrophy and pycnotic nucleus in the glial cells of the brain. Ultrastructurally, mitochondrial degeneration, cristolysis, axon and dendrite deformations were seen in the tissues. These ultrastructural findings showed that the sublethal concentration of diazinon disturbed the energy metabolism of the cells which might result in neurodegenerative dysfunction of O. niloticus brain.

Keywords

• Brain tissue
• cloudy swelling
• cristolysis
• histopathological alteration
• ultrastructural alteration
• transmission electron microscope

Diazinon Standardının Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)’un Beyin Dokusu Üzerindeki Histopatolojik ve Ultrayapısal Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada, 21 gün boyunca diazinon standartının subletal bir konsantrasyonuna maruz bırakılan Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) beyin dokusunda histopatolojik ve ultra yapısal değişiklikler belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla, O. niloticus bireyleri, 21 gün boyunca 280 µg/L (LC50/10) diazinon konsantrasyonuna maruz bırakılmış ve maruziyetin 7., 14. ve 21. günlerinde, maruz kalan canlıların beyin örnekleri alınmıştır. Beyin örneklerinin histolojik ve ultra yapısal preperasyonunun ardından, hazırlanan örnekler ışık ve geçirimli elektron mikroskopları (TEM) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Örneklerin değerlendirilmesi sonucu, subletal diazinon konsantrasyonunun O. niloticus'un beyin dokusunda histopatolojik ve ultra yapısal değişikliklere neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu değişikliklerin şiddeti zamanla artmıştır. En şiddetli histopatolojik değişiklik, maruziyetin 14. ve 21. günlerinde belirlenen nekroz olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, histopatolojik olarak en sık gözlenen değişiklikler beyin glial hücrelerinde bulutlu şişme, hipertrofi ve piknotik çekirdek olarak belirlenmiştir. Ultra yapısal olarak, hücrelerde mitokondrial dejenerasyon, kristoliz, akson ve dendritlerde deformasyon belirlenmiştir. Bu ultra yapısal bulgular, subletal diazinon konsantrasyonunun hücrelerin enerji metabolizmasını bozduğunu ve bu durumun O. niloticus'un beyininde nörodejeneratif işlev bozukluğuna yol açabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beyin dokusu
• bulutlu şişme
• geçirimli elektron mikroskobu
• histopatolojik değişiklik
• kristoliz
• ultrayapısal değişiklik

Kaynakça

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