Evaluation of the In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Honey Samples Collected from Different Regions of Türkiye on Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the antifungal activities of honey samples (n=29) obtained from different geographical regions and botanical origins of Türkiye against Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from food sources. The biofilm-forming capacities of the yeast isolates were determined using the crystal violet assay, while their antifungal resistance profiles were assessed by the disk diffusion method. The antifungal activities of the honey samples were evaluated at different concentrations ranging from 1.95% to 250% (w/v) using the broth microdilution method. In the study, both tested yeast species exhibited moderate biofilm-forming capacity, while the C. albicans isolate was resistant to amphotericin B and itraconazole, and S. cerevisiae showed resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole. All analyzed honey samples exhibited dose-dependent antifungal activity against both yeast isolates, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values determined as 125–250% (w/v) for C. albicans and 250% (w/v) for S. cerevisiae. In this study, variations in antifungal activity were also observed depending on the geographical and possible botanical origin of the honey samples. In particular, chestnut honey exhibited stronger antifungal activity against both yeast species (p < 0.05), while the samples obtained from Bingöl and Muş provinces showed higher antifungal effects compared to those from other regions. Overall, the results demonstrated that the honey samples used in this study were able to exert significant antifungal activity against C. albicans and S. cerevisiae, especially at higher concentrations, and that this activity varied according to the botanical and geographical origin of the honey as well as the tested yeast species. These findings suggest that honey may serve as a natural supportive or complementary agent against selected yeast species; however, further studies are required to standardize this activity and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antifungal activity
• biofilm
• C. albicans
• honey
• S. cerevisiae

Proje Numarası

TDK-2024-13681

Türkiye’nin Farklı Bölgelerinden Toplanan Bal Örneklerinin Candida albicans ve Saccharomyces cerevisiae Üzerine İn vitro Antimikrobiyal Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin farklı coğrafi bölgelerinden ve farklı botanik kökenlerden elde edilen bal örneklerinin (n=29) gıdalardan izole edilen Candida albicans ve Saccharomyces cerevisiae üzerindeki antifungal etkinliklerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışmada maya izolatlarının biyofilm oluşturma kapasiteleri kristal violet yöntemiyle, antifungal dirençleri ise disk difüzyon yöntemiyle belirlendi. Bal örneklerinin antifungal aktiviteleri ise broth mikrodilüsyon yöntemi kullanılarak %1.95–%250 (a/h) aralığında hazırlanan farklı konsantrasyonlarda değerlendirildi. Çalışmada, test edilen maya türlerinin her ikisinin de orta düzeyde biyofilm oluşturma kapasitesine sahip olduğu belirlenirken, C. albicans izolatı amfoterisin B ve itrakonazole, S. cerevisiae ise flukonazol ve itrakonazole dirençli bulundu. Analiz edilen tüm bal örnekleri, her iki maya izolatına karşı doza bağlı antifungal etki gösterdi ve MİK değerleri C. albicans için %125–250 (a/h), S. cerevisiae için ise %250 (a/h) olarak belirlendi. Bu çalışmada ayrıca balın coğrafi ve olası botanik kökenine bağlı olarak antifungal etkinlikte farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir. Özellikle kestane balı her iki maya türüne karşı daha yüksek antifungal aktivite göstermiş (p < 0.05), Bingöl ve Muş illerinden elde edilen örneklerin antifungal etkileri de diğer bölgelerden temin edilen ballara kıyasla daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, çalışmada kullanılan bal örneklerinin özellikle yüksek konsantrasyonlarda C. albicans ve S. cerevisiae üzerinde anlamlı düzeyde antifungal aktivite gösterebildiği ve bu etkinin balın botanik ve coğrafi kökeni ile test edilen maya türüne bağlı olarak değiştiği ortaya konmuştur. Bu veriler, balın seçilmiş maya türlerine karşı yardımcı veya tamamlayıcı bir doğal ajan olarak değerlendirilebileceğini düşündürmekte, ancak bu etkinin standardizasyonu ve mekanizmasının açıklanması için ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antifungal aktivite
• bal
• biyofilm
• C. albicans
• S. cerevisiae

Destekleyen Kurum

Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Proje Numarası

TDK-2024-13681

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, etik kurul onayı gerektiren bir araştırma kapsamında değildir. Yazarlar, araştırmanın etik ilkelere uygun olarak yürütüldüğünü beyan eder.

Teşekkür

Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri birimine katkılarından dolayı teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

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