Comparative Evaluation of Intramuscular, Intranasal, Oral and Intraosseal Administration of Midazolam, Ketamine Combination in Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Abstract

This study was aimed to compare the effects of different delivery routes of midazolam ketamine combination in quails. Thirty two adult male quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with a mean weight of 180-220 gr and a 25-week-old were used in this study.  The birds were divided into four groups of eight animals each. In group I (Group IM), 6 mg/kg midazolam-100 mg/kg ketamine combination was injected intramuscularly. It was given the same dose of this combination intranasal in the group II (Group IN) and orally in the group III (Group O). In the last group (Group IO), 2 mg/kg midazolam-20 mg/kg ketamine was administered intraosseally. Induction, recovery time and depth of anesthesia were evaluated. Pulse, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate and cloacal temperature were also monitored. The anesthesia durations were determined as 28.88±5.87 min in group IM, 13.75±5.18 min in group IN, 14.88±4.79 min in group O and 38.13±8.84 min in group IO, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between groups in terms of both anesthesia duration and physiological values. As a result, intramuscular and oral administration of the midazolam ketamine combination may be preferred to many operative interventions, but intranasal use can be used for clinical examination or diagnostic procedures because it does not provide adequate anesthesia. It can be said that oral and intraosseous use may be preferred in cases requiring longer duration of anesthesia in birds.

Keywords

• Intranasal
• Intraosseal
• Midazolam-ketamine
• Oral
• Quail

Bıldırcınlarda (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Midazolam-Ketamin Kombinasyonunun İntramusküler, İntranasal, Oral ve İntraosseal Olarak Uygulanmasının Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada midazolam ketamin kombinasyonunun farklı veriliş yollarının etkilerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmada toplam 32 adet erkek, ortalama 180-220 gr ağırlığında ve 25 haftalık erişkin bıldırcın (Coturnix coturnix japonica) kullanıldı. Kuşlar her birinde 8 hayvan olacak şekilde dört gruba ayrıldı. Grup I’de (Grup IM) 6 mg/kg dozunda midazolam-100 mg/kg ketamin kombinasyonu intamusküler olarak enjekte edildi. Grup II’de aynı dozdaki kombinasyon intranasal (Grup IN), III. gruba ise oral (Grup O) olarak uygulandı. Son gruba da 2 mg/kg midazolam-20 mg/kg ketamin intraosseal (Grup IO) olarak uygulandı. Anesteziye giriş ve çıkış süreleri ve anestezi derinliği değerlendirildi. Ayrıca nabız, sistolik ve diastolik kan basınçları ile solunum sayısı ve kloakal ısı takip edildi. Anestezi süreleri sırasıyla grup IM’de 28.88±5.87, grup IN’de 13.75±5.18, grup O’da 14.88±4.79 ve grup IO’de 38.13±8.84 olarak belirlendi. Gruplar arasında hem anestezi süreleri hem de fizyolojik değerler bakımından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar bulundu. Sonuç olarak midazolam ketamin kombinasyonun intramusküler ve oral kullanımı birçok operatif girişim için tercih edilebilir, fakat intranasal kullanım yeterli derinlikte anestezi sağlayamadığından dolayı sadece klinik muayene ve diagnostik işlemler için kullanılabilir. Oral ve intraosseal kullanımın daha uzun süreli bir anestezi gerektiren olgularda tercih edilebileceği söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bıldırcın
• İntranasal
• İntraosseal
• Midazolam-Ketamin
• Oral

Kaynakça

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