Giresun İli Fındık Depolarında Meyve Çürüklüğüne Neden Olan Fungal Floranın Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 41 - 53, 30.12.2025

Deniz Cakar , Seçil Akıllı Simsek

https://doi.org/10.58816/duzceod.1670715

Öz

Türkiye, fındık üretimi açısından Dünya’da önemli bir yere sahiptir. Giresun ili ise fındık üretiminin yapıldığı önemli bölgelerden biridir. Bu çalışmada, önemli bir fındık üretimine sahip Giresun ilinde bulunan yedi farklı fındık deposundan elde edilen fındıkların iç çürüklükleri değerlendirilmiş ve çürüklüğe neden olan fungal flora belirlenmiştir. Her bir fındık deposundan rastgele seçilen 100 fındık meyvesi incelenmiştir. Toplamda yedi yüz fındık meyvesi incelenmiş olup, 79 meyvede dört farklı çürüme şekilleri görülmüştür. Depolarda sırası ile (Depo1-7) %20, %12, %10, %9, %12, %10 ve %5 semptomlu meyve tespit edilirken kahverengi, siyah, beyaz ve yeşil olmak üzere dört farklı çürüme tipi elde edilmiştir. Kahverengi çürüklük belirtisi gösteren meyvelerden; D. eres, B. dothidea, C. fiorinae, sıklıkla izole edilirken, ayrıca bu çürüklük belirtisinde T. roseum ve A. alternata’da izole edilmiştir. Beyaz çürüklük belirtilerinden yalnızca Pestalotiopsis sp., yeşil çürüklük belirtilerinden ise Aspergillus sp. ve Penicillium spp. fungusları izole edilmiştir. Patojenite çalışmasında kullanılan fungusların morfolojik tanılanmasının yanı sıra, fungusların ITS, tef1 gen bölgelerine dayalı tür teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Semptom gösteren fındık meyvelerinden sıklıkla izole edilen, B. dothidea, D. eres, C. fiorinae, Fusarium sp. türleri patojenite testinde kullanılmıştır. Patojenite testi kesik dala inokülasyon yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda B. dothidea, D. eres yüksek bir patojenite göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fındık , Botryospharia dothidea , Dioporthe eres , meyve çürüklüğü

Determination of Fungal Flora Causing Fruit Rot in Hazelnut Warehouses in Giresun Province

Öz

Türkiye is one of the world's leading producers of hazelnuts. The Giresun province is one of the regions where this production takes place. In this study, 100 hazelnuts from seven different hazelnut depots in Giresun, a province known for its hazelnut production, were randomly selected and evaluated for internal rot. The fungal flora responsible for the rot was identified. A total of seven hundred hazelnuts were examined, of which 79 exhibited four different types of rot. While 20%, 12%, 10%, 9%, 12%, 10%, 10% and 5% symptomatic fruits were detected in the warehouses (Warehouses 1-7) respectively, four different decay types were obtained as brown, black, white and green. Diaporthe eres, Botryospharia dothidea, Colletotrichum fiorinae, were frequently isolated from fruits with brown rot symptoms, while Trichothecium roseum and Alternaria alternata were also isolated in this rot symptom. Only Pestalotiopsis sp. was isolated from white rot symptoms and Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium spp. were isolated from green rot symptoms. In addition to the morphological identification of the fungi used in the pathogenicity study, species identification based on ITS, tef1 gene regions of the fungi was made. B. dothidea, D. eres, C. fiorinae, Fusarium sp. species frequently isolated from symptomatic hazelnut fruits were used in pathogenicity test. Pathogenicity test was performed using cut branch inoculation method. As a result of the study, B. dothidea, D. eres showed a high pathogenicity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

hazelnut , Botryospharia dothidea , Dioporthe eres , fruit rot

Kaynakça

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