Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Türkiye'deki Bozayıların (Ursus arctos, Linnaeus, 1758) Kürkündeki Beyazımsı Lekelerin Yaygınlığı ve Türün İzlenmesi için Önemi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 317 - 324, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.58816/duzceod.1801912

Öz

Bu çalışma, Kuzey Yarım Küre’de geniş bir dağılım gösteren ve taksonomik olarak yüksek varyasyona sahip bir tür olan bozayının (Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758) Türkiye’deki popülasyonunda görülen benzersiz beyazımsı leke fenotipinin yaygınlığını ve bunun türün izlenmesi ve korunması için potansiyelini araştırmaktadır. Bu özelliğin varlığı, Türkiye için doğrudan gözlem yöntemlerini ve fotokapanları kullanarak bozayıların izlenmesi ve korunmasına yönelik çalışmaları kolaylaştırma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu nedenle, bireyleri ayırt etmeye olanak sağlayan bu fenotipin yaygınlığı bir vatandaş bilimi ve ulusal haber kaynağından toplanan N=236 bireye ait görsel veri seti analiz edilerek araştırılmıştır. Ayıların yaklaşık %25'inde beyazımsı lekelerin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Morfolojik olarak bu lekelerin boyun ve omuz bölgesinde olma eğilimi ve benzersizliği, diğer ayı türlerinden farklı olarak, bireysel tanımlamayı kolaylaştırma potansiyeli sunmaktadır. Ülkemizin özellikle Kuzey kesimlerinde bu fenotipin yaygın olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma ile Türkiye'deki bozayıların il bazında popülasyon büyüklüğü tahmini başta olmak üzere ve uzun vadeli koruma ve davranış çalışmalarında müdahalesiz izleme aracı olarak kullanılması için bir fırsat olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Ambarlı, H. (2006). Analyses of human-bear conflict in Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey (Tez No. 172266) [Yüksek lisans tezi, Middle East Technical University]. YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Ambarlı, H. (2016). Litter size and basic diet of brown bears (Ursus arctos, Carnivora) in northeastern Turkey. Mammalia, 80(2), 235–240. https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2014-0111
  • Cieslak, M., Reissmann, M., Hofreiter, M. ve Ludwig, A. (2011). Colours of domestication. Biological Reviews, 86(4), 885-899. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185x.2011.00177.x
  • Clapham, M., Miller, E., Nguyen, M. ve Van Horn, R. C. (2022). Multispecies facial detection for individual identification of wildlife: a case study across ursids. Mammalian Biology, 102(3), 943–955. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00168-5
  • Meloro, C., Guidarelli, G., Colangelo, P., Ciucci, P. ve Loy, A. (2017). Mandible size and shape in extant Ursidae (Carnivora, Mammalia): A tool for taxonomy and ecogeography. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 55(4), 269–287. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12171
  • Merriam, C. H. (1918). Review of the grizzly and big brown bears of North America (genus Ursus): with description of a new genus, Vetularctos (No. 41). US Government Printing Office. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.87009
  • Nawaz, M. A., Swenson, J. E. ve Zakaria, V. (2008). Pragmatic management increases a flagship species, the Himalayan brown bears, in Pakistan’s Deosai National Park. Biological Conservation, 141(9), 2230–2241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.06.012
  • Ngoprasert, D., Lynam, A. J. ve Steinmetz, R. (2012). Density estimation of Asian bears using photographic capture–recapture sampling based on chest marks. Ursus, 23(2), 117–133.
  • Pasitschniak-Arts, M. (1993). Ursus arctos. Mammalian Species, 439, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2307/3504138
  • Penteriani, V., Hartasánchez, A., García, J. D., Ruitiña, J. R. M. ve del Mar Delgado, M. (2023). Brown bear body patches are temporally stable and represent a unique individual visual signature. Ursus, 2023(34e1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.2192/ursus-d-22-00015
  • Proctor, M. F., Garshelis, D. L., Thatte, P., Steinmetz, R., Crudge, B., McLellan, B. N., McShea, W. J., Ngoprasert, D., Nawaz, M. A., Wong, S. T., Sharma, S., Fuller, A. K., Dharaiya, N., Pigeon, K. E., Fredriksson, G., Wang, D., Li, S. ve Hwang, M. H. (2022). Review of field methods for monitoring Asian bears. Global Ecology and Conservation, 35, e02080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02080
  • Puckett, E. E., Davis, I. S., Harper, D. C., Wakamatsu, K., Battu, G., Belant, J. L., Beyer Jr., D. E., Carpenter, C., Crupi, A. P., Davidson, M., DePerno, C. S., Forman, N., Fowler, N. L., Garshelis, D. L., Gould, N., Gunther, K., Haroldson, M., Ito, S., Kocka, D.,...Barsh, G. S. (2023). Genetic architecture and evolution of color variation in American black bears. Current Biology, 33(1), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.042
  • Rausch, R. L. (1963). Geographic variation in size of the large brown bears of North America as shown by the skull, with notes on the development of the skull and dentition. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 41(6), 901–912. https://doi.org/10.1139/z63-005
  • Sato, Y., Nakamura, H., Ishifune, Y. ve Ohtaishi, N. (2011). The white-colored brown bears of the Southern Kurils. Ursus, 22(1), 84-90. https://doi.org/10.2192/ursus-d-10-00017.1
  • Schwartz, C. C., Swant, D. C. ve Haroldson, M. A. (2003). Bears. G. A. Feldhamer, B. C. Thompson ve S. C. Chapman (Ed.), Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, management, and conservation içinde (ss. 531–555). Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Swenson, J. E., Ambarlı, H., Arnemo, J. M., Baskin, L., Danilov, P. I., Delibes, M., Elfström, M., Evans, A. L., Groff, C., Hertel, A. G., Huber, D., Jerina, K., Karamanlidis, A. A., Kindberg, J., Kojola, I., Krofel, M., Kusak, J., Mano, T., Melletti, M.,...Parchizadeh, J. Brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758). V. Penteriani. ve M. Melletti (Ed.) Bears of the world: Ecology, conservation and management, 2020 içinde (ss. 139–161). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108692571.013
  • Zhang, Y., Li, F., Lu, Z. ve Li, D. (2020). Identifying the risk regions of house break-ins caused by Tibetan brown bears (Ursus arctos pruinosus) in the Sanjiangyuan region, China. Ecology and Evolution, 10(1), 58–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5835

The Prevalence of Whitish Patches on the Pelage of Brown Bears (Ursus arctos, Linnaeus, 1758) in Türkiye and its Significance for Species Monitoring

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 317 - 324, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.58816/duzceod.1801912

Öz

This study investigates the prevalence and conservation potential of a unique whitish patch phenotype on coat observed within the Turkish population of the brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758), a species known for its wide Holarctic distribution and high taxonomic variability. The presence of this trait holds the potential to facilitate monitoring and conservation efforts in Türkiye, specifically by enabling direct observation methods and the use of camera traps. To assess the widespread occurrence of this distinguishing phenotype on the pelage, a visual dataset comprising N=236 individuals, collected from a citizen science platform and a national news source, was analyzed. The results revealed that approximately 25% of the bears exhibited these whitish patches. Morphologically, the tendency of this trait for appearing on the neck and shoulder regions with their uniqueness offers the potential to simplify individual identification—a feature that often distinguishes them from other bear species. This phenotype is particularly prevalent in the northern regions of the country. In conclusion, this research highlights an important opportunity to use this trait as a non-invasive monitoring tool for the brown bear population in Türkiye, primarily for province-level population size estimation and in long-term conservation and behavioral studies.

Kaynakça

  • Ambarlı, H. (2006). Analyses of human-bear conflict in Yusufeli, Artvin, Turkey (Tez No. 172266) [Yüksek lisans tezi, Middle East Technical University]. YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Ambarlı, H. (2016). Litter size and basic diet of brown bears (Ursus arctos, Carnivora) in northeastern Turkey. Mammalia, 80(2), 235–240. https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2014-0111
  • Cieslak, M., Reissmann, M., Hofreiter, M. ve Ludwig, A. (2011). Colours of domestication. Biological Reviews, 86(4), 885-899. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185x.2011.00177.x
  • Clapham, M., Miller, E., Nguyen, M. ve Van Horn, R. C. (2022). Multispecies facial detection for individual identification of wildlife: a case study across ursids. Mammalian Biology, 102(3), 943–955. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00168-5
  • Meloro, C., Guidarelli, G., Colangelo, P., Ciucci, P. ve Loy, A. (2017). Mandible size and shape in extant Ursidae (Carnivora, Mammalia): A tool for taxonomy and ecogeography. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 55(4), 269–287. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12171
  • Merriam, C. H. (1918). Review of the grizzly and big brown bears of North America (genus Ursus): with description of a new genus, Vetularctos (No. 41). US Government Printing Office. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.87009
  • Nawaz, M. A., Swenson, J. E. ve Zakaria, V. (2008). Pragmatic management increases a flagship species, the Himalayan brown bears, in Pakistan’s Deosai National Park. Biological Conservation, 141(9), 2230–2241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.06.012
  • Ngoprasert, D., Lynam, A. J. ve Steinmetz, R. (2012). Density estimation of Asian bears using photographic capture–recapture sampling based on chest marks. Ursus, 23(2), 117–133.
  • Pasitschniak-Arts, M. (1993). Ursus arctos. Mammalian Species, 439, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2307/3504138
  • Penteriani, V., Hartasánchez, A., García, J. D., Ruitiña, J. R. M. ve del Mar Delgado, M. (2023). Brown bear body patches are temporally stable and represent a unique individual visual signature. Ursus, 2023(34e1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.2192/ursus-d-22-00015
  • Proctor, M. F., Garshelis, D. L., Thatte, P., Steinmetz, R., Crudge, B., McLellan, B. N., McShea, W. J., Ngoprasert, D., Nawaz, M. A., Wong, S. T., Sharma, S., Fuller, A. K., Dharaiya, N., Pigeon, K. E., Fredriksson, G., Wang, D., Li, S. ve Hwang, M. H. (2022). Review of field methods for monitoring Asian bears. Global Ecology and Conservation, 35, e02080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02080
  • Puckett, E. E., Davis, I. S., Harper, D. C., Wakamatsu, K., Battu, G., Belant, J. L., Beyer Jr., D. E., Carpenter, C., Crupi, A. P., Davidson, M., DePerno, C. S., Forman, N., Fowler, N. L., Garshelis, D. L., Gould, N., Gunther, K., Haroldson, M., Ito, S., Kocka, D.,...Barsh, G. S. (2023). Genetic architecture and evolution of color variation in American black bears. Current Biology, 33(1), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.042
  • Rausch, R. L. (1963). Geographic variation in size of the large brown bears of North America as shown by the skull, with notes on the development of the skull and dentition. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 41(6), 901–912. https://doi.org/10.1139/z63-005
  • Sato, Y., Nakamura, H., Ishifune, Y. ve Ohtaishi, N. (2011). The white-colored brown bears of the Southern Kurils. Ursus, 22(1), 84-90. https://doi.org/10.2192/ursus-d-10-00017.1
  • Schwartz, C. C., Swant, D. C. ve Haroldson, M. A. (2003). Bears. G. A. Feldhamer, B. C. Thompson ve S. C. Chapman (Ed.), Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, management, and conservation içinde (ss. 531–555). Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Swenson, J. E., Ambarlı, H., Arnemo, J. M., Baskin, L., Danilov, P. I., Delibes, M., Elfström, M., Evans, A. L., Groff, C., Hertel, A. G., Huber, D., Jerina, K., Karamanlidis, A. A., Kindberg, J., Kojola, I., Krofel, M., Kusak, J., Mano, T., Melletti, M.,...Parchizadeh, J. Brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758). V. Penteriani. ve M. Melletti (Ed.) Bears of the world: Ecology, conservation and management, 2020 içinde (ss. 139–161). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108692571.013
  • Zhang, Y., Li, F., Lu, Z. ve Li, D. (2020). Identifying the risk regions of house break-ins caused by Tibetan brown bears (Ursus arctos pruinosus) in the Sanjiangyuan region, China. Ecology and Evolution, 10(1), 58–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5835
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Orman Entomolojisi ve Orman Koruma
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hüseyin Ambarlı 0000-0003-4336-9417

Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Ekim 2025
Kabul Tarihi 10 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ambarlı, H. (2025). Türkiye’deki Bozayıların (Ursus arctos, Linnaeus, 1758) Kürkündeki Beyazımsı Lekelerin Yaygınlığı ve Türün İzlenmesi için Önemi. Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 21(2), 317-324. https://doi.org/10.58816/duzceod.1801912

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