Comparative Analysis of the Nail and Screw Withdrawal Resistances of Fir (Abies Mill.), Cherry (Prunus Avium L.), Walnut (Juglans Regia L.) and Oak (Quercus L.) Wood

Yıl 2006, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 61 - 75, 01.12.2006

Murat Kılıç , Erol Burdurlu , İlker Usta , Umut Özgür Berker Pelin Oduncu

Öz

In this study, the nail and screw withdrawal resistance (NWR and SWR) of wooden materials obtained from Fir (Abies Mill.), Cherry (Prunus avium L.), Walnut (Juglans regia L.) and Oak (Quercus L.) on the tangential, radial and transverse cut surfaces were researched. A total of 480 each samples were prepared in conformance with ASTM 1761 in order to determine the effect of the species of wood and type of cut surface on the NWR and SWR and the NWR and SWR of these samples were measured on the universal test machine. The data obtained was analyzed statistically and the findings obtained were interpreted. According to this, the highest NWR and SWR was on the radial cut surfaces in oak. As the specific gravity increases, the NWR and SWR increases. In general, the radial cut surfaces have a higher NWR and SWR compared to the tangential and transverse cut surfaces and the tangential cut surfaces have a higher NWR and SWR compared to the transverse cut surfaces. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Wood, Nail, Screw, Withdrawal Resistance

Göknar (Abies Mill.), Kiraz (Prunus Avium L.), Ceviz (Junglans Regia L.) (Quercus L.) Analiz

Öz

Bu çalışmada Göknar (Abies Mill.), Kiraz (Prunus avium L.), Ceviz (Junglans regia L.) ve Meşe (Quercus L.)’ den elde edilen ahşap malzemenin teğet, radyal ve enine kesit yüzeylerindeki çivi ve vida tutma dayanımları araştırılmıştır. Ağaç ve kesit yüzey türünün çivi ve vida tutma dayanımına etkisinin belirlenmesi için ASTM D 1761’e uygun olarak 480 adet numune hazırlanmış ve üniversal test makinesinde bu numunelerin çivi ve vida tutma dayanımları ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiş elde edilen bulgular yorumlanmıştır. Buna göre en yüksek çivi ve vida tutma dayanımı Meşe’de radyal kesit yüzeylerde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Özgül ağırlık arttıkça çivi ve vida tutma dayanımı artmakta, genelde radyal kesit yüzeyler teğet ve enine kesit yüzeylere kıyasla ve teğet kesit yüzeyler de enine kesit yüzeylere kıyasla daha yüksek çivi ve vida tutma dayanımı vermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ahşap Malzeme, Çivi tutma dayanımı, Vida tutma dayanımı

Kaynakça

• Akyıldız, M.H. 1999. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde Yetişen Önemli Bazı Ağaç Odunlarının Çivi ve Vida Tutma Dirençleri.Yüksek Lisans Tezi. K.T.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Altınok, M., Kılıç, A. 2003. The Determination of Some Mechanical Performances of Particle Board Covered with Roll (CPL) Laminate. G.U. Journal of science. 16 (3): 559-566.
• Aslan, S. 1994. Ağaç Dendrolojisi, Odun Anatomisi, Ufuk Ofset- Matbaacılık, Ankara.
• ASTM D 1761, 2000. Standart Methods of Testing Mechanical Fastener in Wood, Nail, Staple or Screw Withdrawal Test.
• Bacher, F. 1964. Nailing of Wet Wood. Holz. U. Holzverwert, Wien. 16 (3): 6-55.
• Broker, F.W., Krause, H.A. 1991. Preliminary Investigations on the Holding Power of Dynamically Loaded Wood Screws. Holz-als-Roh-und-Werkstoff. 49(10): 381-384.Cai, Z., Wu, Q., Lee, L.N., Hiziroglu, S. 2004. Influence of Board Density, Mat Construction, and Chip Type on Performance of Particleboard Made From Eastern Redcedar. F.P.J. 54(12): 226-232.
• Craft, S., Chui, Y.H. 2002. Fastener Head Pull-Through Resistance of Plywood and Oriented Strand Board. Can. J. of Civ. Engin. 29 (3): 384-388.
• Doğanay, S. 1995. Mobilya Endüstrisinde Kullanılan Ahşap Malzemenin Vida Tutma Direncinin Belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. G.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• Efe, H., Erdil, Y.Z., Kasal, A., Imirzi, H.O. 2004. Withdrawal Strength and Moment Resistance of Screwed T-Type End-to-Side Grain Furniture Joints. F.P.J. 54(11): 91-97.
• Falk, R.H., Vos, D.J., Cramer, S.M., English, B.W. 2001. Performance of Fasteners in Wood Flour-Thermoplastic Composite Panels. F.P.J. 51(1): 66-61.
• Ferah, O. 1991. Bazı Önemli Ağaç Türlerimizin Vida ve Çivi Tutma Direnç Özeliklerinin Belirlenmesi, Orman Arş. Ens. Teknik Bülten No:252, Ankara.
• Gökmen, H. 1973. Kapalı Tohumlular Angiospermae.
• Hansen, K.F. 2002. Mechanical Properties of self-Tapping Screws and Nails in Wood. Can. J.Civ. Engin. 29(5): 725-733.
• Helinska, R.L. 1993. Withdrawal Resistance of Nails from Juvenile Wood of Scots Pine, Sylwan. 137(9): 1-36
• Hirai, T., Zhang, P.W., Irie, Y. Wakashima, Y. 1999. Lateral Resistance of Nailed Timber Joints with Structural Wooden Panels. Mokuzai Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society. 45(2): 120-129 ISO 3131. 1975.Wood - Determination of Density for Physical and Mechanical Tests. ISO.
• Kanaomori, K., Chino, A., Kawarada, Y. 1978 Studies on the Withdrawal Resistance of Nail Effect of Changing Moisture Content in Wood and Time After Nail Driving. Journal of the Hokkaido Forest Products Research Institute. 67: 103-128.
• Kang, S.M., Morrell, J.J., Smith, D. 1999. Effect of Incising and Preservative Treatment on Nail-Holding Capacity of Douglas-fir And Hem-Fir Lumber. F.P.J. 49(3): 43-45.
• Kent, S.M., Leichti, R.J., Rosowsky, D.V., Morrell, J.J. 2004. Effects of Wood Decay by Postia Placenta on the Lateral Capacity of Nailed Oriented Strandboard Sheathing and Douglas-Fir Framing Members. Wood Fib. Sci. 36(4): 560-572.
• Kjucukov, G., Encev, E. 1977. The Effect of Screw Dimensions on the Withdrawal Resistance in Fir Wood. Holztechnologie. 18 (1): 26-29.
• Kjucukov, G., Encev, E. 1977. The Effect of Screw Dimensions on the Withdrawal Resistance in Beech Wood. Holztechnologie. 18 (3): 149-151.Laxe, J. 1968. Tests on the Withdrawal Resistance of Nails with Protective Coating. St. Drev. 2: 97-102.
• Mack, J.J. 1960. Grooved nails. Austuralia Timber Journal. 26(8).
• Noguchi, M., Sugihara, H. 1961. Studies on Static Withdrawal Resistance of Nail. Effect of Driving Method and Time After Driving, Wood Res. 25:1-13.
• Örs, Y., Keskin, H. 2002. Lamine Edilmiş Masif Karaçam (Pinus nigra var. Pallasiana) Odununun Bazı Teknolojik Özellikleri ve Kullanım Imkanları. G.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(3):699-706.
• Özçiftçi, A. Doğanay, S. 1999. Etiket Yonga Levha (Waferboard) ile Doğu Kayını ve Ladin Odunlarının Vida ve Çivi Tutma Dirençleri, Turk. J. of Agric. For. 23 (5):1207-1213.
• Reardon, G.F., Boughton, G.N. 1984. Withdrawal Resistance of Grooved Nails In Seasoned Pine. New Zealand Proocedings of the Pacific Timber Enginnering Conference. Wood Science. 068: 907-914.
• Richard. N., Daudeville, L., Prion, H., Lam, F. 2002. Timber Shear Walls with Large Openings: Experimental and Numerical Prediction of the Structural Behaviour. Can. J. Civ. Engin. 29(5): 713-724.
• Scholten, J.A. 1953. Effect of Nail Points on Withdrawal Resistance of Plain Nails.: Forest Product Lab. Rep.; 1226.
• SPSS 11.5. Statistical Package for Social Science.
• Stern, E.G., Price, A.E. 1949. Effects of Depth Penetration on Nail Withdrawal Resistance. Wooden Box and Create. 11: 2 3.
• Tengiz, E. 1984. Ceviz Ağacı ve Ağaçlandırmadaki Önemi.
• Van De Lindt J.W, Rosowsky D.V. 2005. Strength-Based Reliability of Wood Shearwalls Subject to Wind Load. Journal of Structural Engineering. 131(2): 359-363.