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Production and Characterization of Wood Polystyrene Composite from Recycled Waste Materials

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 375 - 394, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.58816/duzceod.1453919

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to recycle waste polystyrene (PS) to obtain PS composite with high screw withdrawal strength that can be used in the core layer of composite wood sandwich panels. For this purpose, waste MDF dust (MF) and glass fiber (GF) were used as fillers in the PS matrix. Waste PS was first dissolved in gasoline and then 50-100-150 % fillers were added and mixed. The solvent in the composite was removed from the composite with two different temperatures. Thickness swelling (TS) and water uptake (WA) amounts of the samples and screw withdrawal strength (SR) were analyzed for mechanical characterization. According to the analysis results, it was determined that as the MF ratio increased, there was no significant change in the TS, but the WA increased. MF filled composites has more TS than GF filled composites. However, it was determined that the WA in GF filled composites was higher than in MF filled composites. The fillers increased the densities except for the addition of 150% GF. SR analysis results showed that the addition of filler increased the SR of composites. As a result, waste PS can be converted into a material with high screw withdrawal strength by adding waste MF and GF and can be used instead of wood material.

Kaynakça

  • Adeniyi, A. G., Abdulkareem, S. A., Ighalo, J. O., Onifade, D. V., Adeoye, S. A., & Sampson, A. E. (2022). Morphological and thermal properties of polystyrene composite reinforced with biochar from elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum). Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 35(10), 1532-1547. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705720939169
  • Adeniran, A. A., Ayesu-Koranteng, E. & Shakantu, W. (2022). A Review of the Literature on the Environmental and Health Impact of Plastic Waste Pollutants in Sub-Saharan Africa. Pollutants, 2(4), 531-545. https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants2040034
  • Adhikary, K. B., Pang, S. & Staiger, M. P. (2008). Dimensional stability and mechanical behaviour of wood–plastic composites based on recycled and virgin high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Composites Part B: Engineering, 39(5), 807-815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2007.10.005
  • Agarwal, S. & Gupta, R. K. (2017). Plastics in Buildings and Construction. In Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook (pp. 635-649). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978- 0-323-39040-8.00030-4
  • Akadiri, P. O., Chinyio, E. A. & Olomolaiye, P. O. (2012). Design of A Sustainable Building: A Conceptual Framework for Implementing Sustainability in the Building Sector. Buildings, 2(2), 126-152. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings2020126
  • Al-Thawadi, S. (2020). Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environments: Challenges and Threats to Aquatic Organisms. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 45(6), 4419-4440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04402-z
  • Birinci, E. (2023). Determination of technological properties of wood plastic nanocomposites produced by flat press reinforced with nano MgO. Journal of Composite Materials, 57(9), 1641-1651. https://doi.org/10.1177/00219983231161820
  • Chaukura, N., Gwenzi, W., Bunhu, T., Ruziwa, D. T. & Pumure, I. (2016). Potential uses and value-added products derived from waste polystyrene in developing countries: A review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 107, 157-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.10.031
  • Chindaprasirt, P., Hiziroglu, S., Waisurasingha, C. & Kasemsiri, P. (2015). Properties of wood flour/expanded polystyrene waste composites modified with diammonium phosphate flame retardant. Polymer Composites, 36(4), 604–612. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.22977
  • Chun, K. S., Muhammad, N., Fahamy, Y., Yeng, C. Y., Choo, H. L., Pang, M. M. & Tshai, K. Y. (2018). Wood plastic composites made from corn husk fiber and recycled polystyrene foam. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 13(11), 3445– 3456.
  • Chun, K. S., Subramaniam, V., Yeng, C. M., Meng, P. M., Ratnam, C. T., Yeow, T. K. & How, C. K. (2019). Wood plastic composites made from post-used polystyrene foam and agricultural waste. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 32(11), 1455- 1466. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705718799836
  • Eitzen, L., Ruhl, A. S. & Jekel, M. (2020). Particle Size and Pre-Treatment Effects on Polystyrene Microplastic Settlement in Water: Implications for Environmental Behavior and Ecotoxicological Tests. Water, 12(12), 3436. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123436
  • Elsheikh, A. H., Panchal, H., Shanmugan, S., Muthuramalingam, T., El-Kassas, Ahmed. M. & Ramesh, B. (2022). Recent progresses in wood-plastic composites: Pre-processing treatments, manufacturing techniques, recyclability and eco-friendly assessment. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 8, 100450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2022.100450
  • Eskander, S. B., Tawfik, M. E. & Tawfic, M. L. (2018). Mechanical, flammability and thermal degradation characteristics of rice straw fiber-recycled polystyrene foam hard wood composites incorporating fire retardants. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 132(2), 1115-1124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-6984-6
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Geri Dönüştürülmüş Atık Malzemelerden Ahşap Polistiren Kompozitin Üretimi ve Karakterizasyonu

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 375 - 394, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.58816/duzceod.1453919

Öz

Bu çalışmada atık polistirenin (PS) geri dönüştürülerek kompozit ahşap sandviç panellerin çekirdek tabakasında kullanılabilen, vida tutma direnci yüksek PS kompozit elde edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla PS matrisinde dolgu maddesi olarak atık MDF tozu (MF) ve cam elyafı (GF) kullanılmıştır. Atık PS önce benzin kullanılarak eritilmiştir ve ardından % 50-100-150 oranında dolgu maddesi ile karıştırılmıştır. Kompozitteki çözücü iki farklı sıcaklık ile kompozitten uzaklaştırılmıştır. Numunelerin kalınlığına şişme (TS) ve su alma (WA) miktarları ile mekanik karakterizasyon için vida çekme dirençleri (SR) analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre MF dolgusu arttıkça TS miktarında önemli bir değişiklik olmadığı ancak WA miktarının arttığı belirlenmiştir. GF dolgulu kompozitlerde MF'ye göre daha az kalınlığına şişme tespit edilmiştir. Ancak GF dolgulu kompozitlerde WA miktarının, MF dolgusuna göre daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. % 150 GF ilavesi hariç dolgu maddeleri yoğunlukları arttırmıştır. Dolgu maddesi ilavesiyle SR artmıştır. Sonuç olarak atık PS, atık MF ve GF eklenerek yüksek vida tutma direncine sahip bir malzemeye dönüştürülebilir ve ahşap malzeme yerine kullanılabilir.

Kaynakça

  • Adeniyi, A. G., Abdulkareem, S. A., Ighalo, J. O., Onifade, D. V., Adeoye, S. A., & Sampson, A. E. (2022). Morphological and thermal properties of polystyrene composite reinforced with biochar from elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum). Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 35(10), 1532-1547. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705720939169
  • Adeniran, A. A., Ayesu-Koranteng, E. & Shakantu, W. (2022). A Review of the Literature on the Environmental and Health Impact of Plastic Waste Pollutants in Sub-Saharan Africa. Pollutants, 2(4), 531-545. https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants2040034
  • Adhikary, K. B., Pang, S. & Staiger, M. P. (2008). Dimensional stability and mechanical behaviour of wood–plastic composites based on recycled and virgin high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Composites Part B: Engineering, 39(5), 807-815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2007.10.005
  • Agarwal, S. & Gupta, R. K. (2017). Plastics in Buildings and Construction. In Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook (pp. 635-649). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978- 0-323-39040-8.00030-4
  • Akadiri, P. O., Chinyio, E. A. & Olomolaiye, P. O. (2012). Design of A Sustainable Building: A Conceptual Framework for Implementing Sustainability in the Building Sector. Buildings, 2(2), 126-152. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings2020126
  • Al-Thawadi, S. (2020). Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environments: Challenges and Threats to Aquatic Organisms. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 45(6), 4419-4440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04402-z
  • Birinci, E. (2023). Determination of technological properties of wood plastic nanocomposites produced by flat press reinforced with nano MgO. Journal of Composite Materials, 57(9), 1641-1651. https://doi.org/10.1177/00219983231161820
  • Chaukura, N., Gwenzi, W., Bunhu, T., Ruziwa, D. T. & Pumure, I. (2016). Potential uses and value-added products derived from waste polystyrene in developing countries: A review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 107, 157-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.10.031
  • Chindaprasirt, P., Hiziroglu, S., Waisurasingha, C. & Kasemsiri, P. (2015). Properties of wood flour/expanded polystyrene waste composites modified with diammonium phosphate flame retardant. Polymer Composites, 36(4), 604–612. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.22977
  • Chun, K. S., Muhammad, N., Fahamy, Y., Yeng, C. Y., Choo, H. L., Pang, M. M. & Tshai, K. Y. (2018). Wood plastic composites made from corn husk fiber and recycled polystyrene foam. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 13(11), 3445– 3456.
  • Chun, K. S., Subramaniam, V., Yeng, C. M., Meng, P. M., Ratnam, C. T., Yeow, T. K. & How, C. K. (2019). Wood plastic composites made from post-used polystyrene foam and agricultural waste. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 32(11), 1455- 1466. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705718799836
  • Eitzen, L., Ruhl, A. S. & Jekel, M. (2020). Particle Size and Pre-Treatment Effects on Polystyrene Microplastic Settlement in Water: Implications for Environmental Behavior and Ecotoxicological Tests. Water, 12(12), 3436. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123436
  • Elsheikh, A. H., Panchal, H., Shanmugan, S., Muthuramalingam, T., El-Kassas, Ahmed. M. & Ramesh, B. (2022). Recent progresses in wood-plastic composites: Pre-processing treatments, manufacturing techniques, recyclability and eco-friendly assessment. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 8, 100450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2022.100450
  • Eskander, S. B., Tawfik, M. E. & Tawfic, M. L. (2018). Mechanical, flammability and thermal degradation characteristics of rice straw fiber-recycled polystyrene foam hard wood composites incorporating fire retardants. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 132(2), 1115-1124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-6984-6
  • Ferah, O. (1995). Studies on the Determination of Nail and Screw Holding Properties of Some Native Tree Species. In Turkish forestry research institute.
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  • Osemeahon, S. A., Barminas, J. T. & Jang, A. L. (2013). Development of Waste Polystyrene as a binder for emulsion paint formulation I: Effect of polystyrene Concentration. The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES), 2(8), 30-35.
  • Osemeahon, S. A., Reuben, U. & Emmanuel, E. (2022). Development of adhesive from polystyrene waste. BIOMED Natural and Applied Science, 02(01), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.53858/bnas02011324
  • Palomba, G., Epasto, G., Sutherland, L. & Crupi, V. (2022). Aluminium honeycomb sandwich as a design alternative for lightweight marine structures. Ships and Offshore Structures, 17(10), 2355-2366. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2021.1996109
  • Partanen, A. & Carus, M. (2019). Biocomposites, find the real alternative to plastic – An examination of biocomposites in the market. Reinforced Plastics, 63(6), 317-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repl.2019.04.065
  • Patel, V. K. & Rawat, N. (2017). Physico-mechanical properties of sustainable Sagwan-Teak Wood Flour/Polyester Composites with/without gum rosin. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 13, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2017.05.002
  • Penjumras, P., Rahman, R. A., Talib, R. A. & Abdan, K. (2015). Mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour of durian rind cellulose reinforced poly (lactic acid) biocomposites. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 5(5), 343–349.
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  • Ponomarenko, O., Yevtushenko, N., Lysenko, T., Solonenko, L. & Shynsky, V. (2020). A New Technology for Producing the Polystyrene Foam Molds Including Implants at Foundry Industry. In Advances in Design, Simulation and Manufacturing II (pp. 430– 437). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22365-6_43
  • Rahimi, A. & García, J. M. (2017). Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production. Nature Reviews Chemistry, 1(6), 0046. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570- 017-0046
  • Roziņš, R., Iejavs, J., Jakovļevs, V. & Spulle, U. (2020). The properties of lightweight stabilised blockboard panels. Drewno, 2020(206), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.12841/wood.1644-3985.334.02
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  • Şahin, S. (2020). Geçmiş,Günümüz ve Gelecekte Nüfus Gerçeği (5th ed.). Ankara Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık. https://doi.org/10.14527/9786053180173
  • Santoni, A., Bonfiglio, P., Mollica, F., Fausti, P., Pompoli, F. & Mazzanti, V. (2018). Vibroacoustic optimisation of Wood Plastic Composite systems. Construction and Building Materials, 174, 730-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.155
  • Schirp, A., Ibach, R. E., Pendleton, D. E. & Wolcott, M. P. (2008). Biological Degradation of Wood-Plastic Composites (WPC) and strategies for Improving the Resistance of WPC against Biological Decay; Chapter 29. In P. S. Tor, M. Holger, H. F. Michael,
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Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ahşap Esaslı Kompozitler, Ahşap Fiziği ve Mekaniği
Bölüm Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi 20(1)
Yazarlar

Süheyla Esin Köksal 0000-0001-7970-8412

Orhan Kelleci 0000-0003-4501-0854

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 25 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Köksal, S. E., & Kelleci, O. (2024). Production and Characterization of Wood Polystyrene Composite from Recycled Waste Materials. Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 20(1), 375-394. https://doi.org/10.58816/duzceod.1453919

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