Fazla Kilolu ve Obez Adölesanlarda Motivasyonel Görüşme Tekniğinin Kullanımı

Öz

Obezite tüm dünyayı etkileyen ve yetişkinlerde olduğu kadar son zamanlarda adölesan ve çocukluk çağındaki bireyleri de etkileyen bulaşıcı olmayan kronik bir hastalıktır. Obezitenin oluşumunda bireylerin sağlık davranışları büyük bir etkendir. Obezite tedavisini tek boyutta ele almak doğru bir yaklaşım olmayıp aynı zamanda davranış değişikliği ve kilo yönetimini de kapsamalıdır. Kilo yönetimi ve davranış değişikliği için kullanılan birçok mevcut yöntem olup bunlardan biri de motivasyonel görüşmedir. Motivasyonel görüşme danışan merkezli olup içsel görüyü ve aynı zamanda öz etkililiği de arttıran bir terapötik girişimdir. Motivasyonel görüşme farklı alanlarda kullanılmakla birlikte özellikle kilo verme, kilo kontrolü ve yönetimi, kronik hastalıklarda tedaviye uyum, sigara bırakma tedavisi ve maddenin kötüye kullanımı gibi davranış değişiminin yapılması gereken konularda kullanılmaktadır. Motivasyonel görüşmenin obez veya fazla kilolu adölesanlar üstünde davranış değişiminde etkili olduğu ve istendik yönde olumlu sağlık davranışlarının geliştirildiğini gösteren araştırmalar mevcuttur. Ancak motivasyonel görüşmenin klinik etkinliğini ortaya koymak ve kanıt düzeyini yükseltmek için konu ile ilgili daha fazla çalışmaya gereksinim bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı fazla kilolu ve obez adölesanlarda motivasyonel görüşme tekniği kullanımının bireyler üstündeki etkilerini ortaya koymaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adölesan,motivasyon,görüşme,obezite,hemşirelik

The Use of Motivational Interview Technique in Overweight and Obese Adolescents

Öz

Obesity is a chronic disease that affects the whole world and is not contagious, affecting adults as well as recently adolescent and childhood individuals. Obesity is a major factor in the formation of individual’s health behaviors. Treating obesity in one dimension is not the right approach, but should also include behavior change and weight management. There are many available methods for weight management and behavior change, one of which is motivational interviewing. Motivational interviewing is a therapeutic initiative that is client-centered and increases inner vision as well as self-efficacy. Motivational interviewing is used in different areas, but is particularly used in the areas of weight loss, weight control and management, adaptation to treatment in chronic diseases, smoking cessation therapy, and substance abuse. There are studies that show that motivational interviewing is effective in changing behavior on obese or overweight adolescents and that positive health behaviors are developed in the desired direction. However, further studies are needed to demonstrate the clinical efficacy of motivational interviewing and to raise the level of evidence. The aim of this review is to demonstrate the effects of motivational interviewing technique on individuals in overweight and obese adolescents.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adolescent,motivation,interview,obesity,nursing

Kaynakça

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