Complexity Theory in Organization Science

Öz

The aim of this study is to explain “Complexity Theory” which has emerged during the last 30 years in management and organization theory. Although it is studied in so many disciplines, knowledge about “complexity theory” in organization science has still been developing. There are a few studies made on this issue in Turkey. In the study complexity theory is analyzed in theorical level by making a literature review about the phenomenon

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Complexity theory,self-organization

Örgüt Biliminde Karmaşıklık Teorisi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı yönetim ve organizasyon literatüründe son 30 yıl içerisinde ortaya çıkan “Karmaşıklık Teorisi”nin detaylı bir şekilde incelenmesidir. Birçok disiplin içinde yerini bulan karmaşıklık teorisinin, örgüt yazınındaki gelişimi halen sürmektedir. Türkiye’de bu konuda oldukça kısıtlı sayıda çalışma mevcuttur. Çalışmada konuyla ilgili literatür taraması yapılmış olup, “karmaşıklık teorisi” teori düzeyinde incelenmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karmaşıklık teorisi, kendi kendine örgütleme (Self Organizasyon)

Kaynakça

1. Allen, P.M. (2001) “A Complex Systems Approach to Learning in Adaptive Networks” International Journal of Innovation Management, 5(2):149-180.
2. Anderson, P. (1999) “Complexity Theory and Organization Science” Organization Science, 10(3):216- 232.
3. Ashby, W.R. (1962) “Principles of the self-organizing system” H. Von Foerster and G. W. Zopf, Jr. (eds.) Principles of Self-Organization: Transactions of the University of Illinois Symposium, London, Pergamon Press.
4. Baum, J.A.C. ve Singh, J.V. (1994) “Organizational Hierarchies and Evolutionary Processes: Some Reflections on a Theory of Organizational Evolution” Baum, et al. (eds.) Evolutionary Dynamics of Organizations, New York- Oxford, Oxford University Press.
5. Byrne, D. (1998) Complexity Theory and The Social Sciences: An Introduction, London and New York, Routledge.
6. Carlsnaes, W. (1992) “The Agency-Structure Problem in Foreign Policy Analysis” International Studies Quarterly, 36:245-270.
7. Cilliers, P. (1998) Complexity and Postmodernism: Understanding Complex Systems, London and New York, Routledge,Taylor and Francis Group.
8. Comfort, L.K. (1994) “Self Organization in Complex Systems” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 4(3):393-410.

9. Giddens, A. (1986) “Action, Subjectivity, and the Constitution of Meaning” Social Research, 53(3):529- 545.
10. Giddens, A. (2005) “The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration: Elements of the Theory of Structuration” Spiegel, G.M (eds.) Practicing History: New Directions in Historical Writing after the Linguistic Turn, New York, Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group.
11. Giddens, A. (2005) Sosyal Teorinin Temel Problemleri, İstanbul, Paradigma Yayınları.
12. Goodwin, B. (2001) How The Leopard Changed Its Spots: The Evolution of Complexity, Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press.
13. Hannan, M.T. ve Freeman, J. (1977) “The Population Ecology of Organizations” American Journal of Sociology, 82(5):929-964.
14. Hannan, M.T. ve Freeman, J. (1977) “The Population Ecology of Organizations” American Journal of Sociology, 82(5):929-964.
15. Holland, J.H. (1992) “Complex Adaptive Systems” American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 121(1):17-30.
16. Holland, J.H. (1995) Hidden Order: How Adaptation Builds Complexity, Massachusetts, Perseus Books.
17. Holland, J.H. (1998) Emergence from Chaos to Order, Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press.
18. Kauffman, S.A. (1993) The Origins of Order: Self- Organization and Selection in Evolution, United States of America, Oxford University Press.
19. Kondepudi, D. ve Prigogine, I. (1998) Modern Termodynamics: From Heat Engines to Dissipative Structures, England, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
20. Levinthal, D.A. (1991) “Organizational Adaptation and Environmental Selection-Interrelated Processes of Change” Organization Science, 2(1):140-145.
21. Levy, D.L. (2000) “Applications and Limitations of Complexity Theory in Organization Theory and Strategy” Rabin, et al.(eds.) Handbook of Strategic Management, New York, Marcel Dekker.
22. Lewin, A.Y. ve Volberda, H.W. (1999) “Prolegomena on Coevolution: A Framework for Research on Strategy and New Organizational Forms” Organization Science, 10(5):519-534.
23. Lewin, A.Y. ve Volberda, H.W. (1999) “Prolegomena on Coevolution: A Framework for Research on Strategy and New Organizational Forms” Organization Science, 10(5):519-534.
24. Lewin, R. ve Regine, B. (2003) “The Core of Adaptive Organisations” Mitleton-Kelly, E. (eds.) Complex Systems and Evolutionary Perspectives on Organizations: The Application of Complexity Theory to Organisations, Netherlends, Pergamon.
25. Lorenz, E. (2000) “The Butterfly Effect” Abraham, et al. (eds.) The Chaos Avant-garde: Memories of the Early Days of Chaos Theory, Singapore, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
26. Luhmann, N. (1985) A Sociological Theory of Law, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul.
27. Maturana, H.R. ve Varela, F.H. (1980) Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living, Holland, D. Reidel Publishing Company.
28. Maula, M. (2006) Organizations as Learning Systems: “Living Composition” as an Enabling Infrastructure, Advanced Series in Management, Netherlands, Elsevier.
29. McCarthy, I. ve Gillies, J. (2003) “Organisational Diversity, Configurations and Evolution” Mitleton-Kelly, E. (eds.) Complex Systems and Evolutionary Perspectives on Organizations: The Application of Complexity Theory to Organisations, Netherlends, Pergamon.
30. McGlade, J. ve Garnsey, E. (2006) “The Nature of Complexity” Garnsey, et al.(eds.) Complexity and Co- Evolution: Continuity and Change in Socio-Economic Systems, USA, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
31. McMillan, E. (2004) Complexity, Organizations and Change, London and Newyork, Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group.
32. Mitleton-Kelly, E. (2003) “Ten Principles of Complexity and Enabling Infrastructures” Mitleton-Kelly, E. (eds.) Complex Systems and Evolutionary Perspectives on Organizations: The Application of Complexity Theory to Organisations, Netherlends, Pergamon.
33. Morgan, G. (1998) Yönetim ve Örgüt Teorilerinde Metafor, İstanbul, MESS Yayınları.
34. Morrison, K. (2008) “Educational Philosophy and The Challenge of Complexity Theory” Mason, M. (eds.) Complexity Theory and The Philosophy of Education, United Kingdom, Wiley-Backwell.
35. Nitecki, M.H. (1983) Coevolution, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
36. Porter, T. B. (2006) “Coevolution as a Research Framework for Organizations and the Natural Environment” Organization and Environment, 19(4):479- 504.
37. Prigogine, I. (1987) “Exploring Complexity” European Journal of Operational Research, 30:97-107.
38. Rammel, C., Stagl, S. ve Wilfing, H. (2007) “Managing Complex Adaptive Systems – A Co-evolutionary Perspective on Natural Resource Management” Ecological Economics, 63:9-21.
39. Sewell, W.H. (1992) “A Theory of Structure: Duality, Agency and Transformation” The American Journal of Sociology, 98(1):1-29.
40. Stacey, R.D., Griffin, D. ve Shaw, P. (2000) Complexity and Management: Fad or Radical Challenge to Systems Thinking? London and Newyork, Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group.
41. Şeşen, H. ve Basım, H. N. (2012) “Birlikte Evrim” Sözen, et al. (eds.) Örgüt Kuramları, İstanbul, Beta Basım A.Ş.
42. Taşçı, D. (2013) “Örgüt Kuramlarına Giriş” Taşçı, et al. (eds.) Örgüt Kuramı, Ankara, Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayını.
43. Thompson, D. (1967) Organizations in Action, New York, McGraw-Hill.
44. Wendt, A.E. (1987) “The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Theory” International Organization, 41(3):335-370.
45. Wheatley, M.J. (2006) Leadership and the New Science: Discovering Order in A Chaotic World, Third Edition, San Francisco, Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.