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AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ PAZARININ KURU İNCİR İÇİN BÖLÜMLENMESİ: ÖRNEK OLAY ANALİZİ

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 539 - 557, 01.05.2009

Öz

Avrupa Birliği (AB) pazarı, Türkiye’nin en önemli ihracat pazarlarından biridir.
Türkiye, dünya ve AB kuru incir üretiminde ve ihracatında lider ülke
konumundadır. Dış ticaretimizde önemli bir ürün olan kuru incir için AB
pazarında doğru pazarlama stratejileri geliştirilmelidir. Pazarlama stratejilerinin
geliştirilmesi öncelikle hedef pazarın tanımlanmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu
çalışmanın amacı, kuru incir için AB pazarının bölümlenmesi ve olası hedef
pazarların bulunması ile bunlara uygun pazarlama stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi
için önerilerde bulunmaktır.
Bu çalışmada uluslararası marka tescili olan ve AB’ye ihracat yapan firmaların
kendi pazarlama stratejilerini belirleyebilecekleri varsayılmaktadır. Bu
varsayımla Ege Bölgesi’nde, gıda sektöründe en fazla uluslararası marka
tesciline sahip olan ve kuru incir üretimi ve ihracatı yapan bir firmada bir örnek
olay incelemesi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Çalışmada, nitel ve nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmanın
temelinde Kale ve Sudharshan’ın (1987) “Stratejik Olarak Eşdeğer Pazar Dilimi”
yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle pazar bölümleme kriterlerini ortaya çıkarmak
için söz konusu firmada kuru incirin dış satışlarından sorumlu müdür yardımcısı
ile bir görüşme yapılmış, daha sonra bu görüşme verileri betimsel analize tabi
tutulmuştur. Bu kriterler temel alınarak AB üyesi ülkeler ve bunların bölgeleri için
kümeleme analizleri yapılmış ve AB pazarı kuru incir için bölümlere ayrılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • ASKEGAARD, S. and MADSEN, T.K. (1998): “The Local and the Global: Exploring Traits of Homogeneity and Heterogeneity in European Food Cultures”, International Business Review, 7: 549-568.
  • BUZZELL, R.D. (1968): “Can You Standardize Multinational Marketing?”, Harvard Business Review, 46 (6): 102-113.
  • CIA World Factbook (2005), http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications /factbook/geos/be(fr, fi, gm, gr, hu, ei, it, lg, lh, lu, ma, nl, pl, po, lo, si, sp, sw, uk, au, cy, ez, da, en).html#People; (27.06.05).
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. (2000): Sekizinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı, Fikri Haklar Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. Ankara.
  • http://ekutup.dpt.gov.tr/hukuk/oik/521.pdf (01.07.04).
  • DOUGLAS, S.P. and WIND, Y. (1987): “The Myth of Globalization”, Columbia Journal of World Business, 22 (4):19-29.
  • DOUGLAS, S.P. and CRAIG, C. S. (1995): Global Marketing Strategy, New York, McGraw Hill.
  • DTM (2005), http://www.dtm.gov.tr/ ead/ekolar1 /Dtgos.htm, (29.06.05).
  • ERSOY, F. (1999): Avrupa Tek Pazarının Türk İhracatçı Firmalar Tarafından Endüstriyel Ürünler Açısından Bölümlendirilmesi, Eskişehir, TC Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • EUROSTAT (2005): GDP per Capita in PPS. EUROSTAT http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/ portal/page?_pageid=1996,39140985&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&scree n=detailref&language=en&product=EU_MASTER_main_economic_indicators&r oot=EU_MASTER_main_economic_indicators/main/overview/yearlies/B1/B11/e b011, (29.06.05).
  • EUROSTAT (2005): People by age classes. EUROSTAT http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/portal/page?pageid=1996,39140985&dad=portal& schema=PORTAL&screen=detailref&language=en&product=Yearlies_new_pop ulation&root=Yearliesnew_population/C/C1/C11/caa15632, (29.06.05).
  • EUROSTAT (2005): Health. EUROSTAT http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/portal /page?pageid=1996,39140985&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&screen=detai lref&language=en&product=Yearliesnewpopulation&root=Yearliesnewpopulatio n/C/C5/C51/cda18192, (29.06.05).
  • EUROSTAT (2005): Education. EUROSTAT, http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/portal/page?pageid=1996,39140985&_dad=portal &_schema=PORTAL&screen=detailref&language=en&product=Yearliesnewpop ulation&root=Yearliesnewpopulation/C/C5/C51/cda12560, (29.06.05).
  • EUROSTAT (2005): Introduction to NUTS. EUROSTAT, http://europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/ramon/nuts/basicnuts_regions_en.html. (29.06.05).
  • EUROSTAT (2005): Purchasing Power Parities per Inhabitant .2001. GDP at
  • NUTS Level2-ESA95. EUROSTAT http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/extractionanonymous/evalight/EVALIGHT.jsp?A=1 & language=en&root=/theme1/regio/e, (01.07.05).
  • EUROSTAT (2001): Health Personel 2001. Health Statistics. EUROSTAT http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/extractionanonymous/evalight/EVALIGHT.jsp?A=1 &language=en&root=/theme1/regio/e, (01.07.05).
  • EUROSTAT (2001): Demographic Statistics. 2001. Average Population by Sex and Age. EUROSTAT http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/extractionanonymous/evalight/EVAlight.jsp?A=1&language=en&root=/theme1/regio/demo -r/d2avg, (01.07.05).
  • FRANK, R.E.; MASSY, W.F. and WIND, Y. (1972): Market Segmentation, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, Inc.
  • GEORGE, D. and MALLARY, P. (2003):SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference 11.0 Update, 4th ed., USA, Pearson Education.
  • HASSAN, S.S. and KATSANIS, L.P. (1994): HASSAN, S.S. & KAYNAK, E. Globalization of Consumer Markets: Structures and Strategies. Binghamton: International Business Pres.
  • HASSAN, S.S.; CRAFT, S. and KORTAM, W. (2003): “Understanding the New Bases for Global Market Segmentation”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 20 (5): 446-462.
  • HUSZAGH, S.M.; FOX, R.J. and DAY, E. (1986): “Global Marketing: An Empirical Investigation”, Columbia Journal of World Business, 20: 31-43.
  • İhracat 2002-2006 Stratejik Planı, TC Başbakanlık Dış Ticaret Müsteşarlığı İhracat Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • JAIN, S.C. (1993): International Marketing Management, John Wiley and Sons.
  • KALE, S.H. and SUDHARSHAN, D. (1987): “A Strategic Approach to International Segmentation”, International Marketing Review, 4 (2): 60-70.
  • KEEGAN, W.J. and SCHLEGELMILCH, B.B. (2001): Global Marketing: A European Perspective, Financial Times Prentice Hall.
  • KOTLER, P. (1986). “Global Standardization-Courting Danger”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 3 (2): 13-15.
  • KOTLER, P. and ARMSTRONG, G. (2006): Principles of Marketing, New Jersey, Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • KÜÇÜKEMİROĞLU, O. (1999): “Market Segmentation by Using Consumer Lifestyle Dimensions and Ethnocentrism: An Empirical Study”, European Journal of Marketing, 33 (5/6): 470-487.
  • LEVITT, T. (1983): “The Globalization of Markets”, Harvard Business Review, 61 (3): 92-101.
  • LUQMANI, M., YAVAŞ, U. and QURAESHI, Z. (1994): “A Convenience-oriented Approach to Country Segmentation: Implications for Global Marketing Strategies”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 11 (4): 29-40.
  • OKTAV, M. (1994): Uluslararası Pazarlama: Kuram, İlkeler, Uygulamalar, İzmir, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • ÖZDEN, Ç. (2005): Kuru İncir Sektör Araştırması. İGEME. www.igeme.org.tr, (29.06.05).
  • PETERSON, M. and MALHOTRA, N. (2000): “Country Segmentation Based on Objective Quality-of-Life Measures”, International Marketing Review, 17 (1): 56- 73.
  • SHETH, J.N. (1986): “Global Markets or Global Competition?”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 3 (2): 9-11.
  • SHETH, J.N. and PARVATIYAR, A. (2001): “The Antecedents and Consequences of Integrated Global Marketing”, International Marketing Review, 18 (1): 16-29.
  • STEENKAMP, J.-B.E.M. and TER HOFSTEDE, F. (2002): “International Market Segmentation: Issues and Perspectives”, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 19: 185-213.
  • UNECE (2005): Economic Survey of Europe No:1.
  • WIPO (2004): Member States. WIPO http://www.wipo.int/aboutwipo/en/members/member_states.html#B, (01.07.04).
  • WIPO (2005): Intellectual Property Digital Library.
  • http://www.wipo.int/ipdl/en/search/madrid/search-struct.jsp, (25.04.05).
  • YAVAŞ, U.; VERHAGE, B.J. and GREEN, R.T. (1992): “Global Consumer Segmentation versus Local Market Orientation: Empirical Findings”, Management International Review, 32 (3): 265-272.
  • YILDIRIM, A. and ŞİMŞEK, H. (2003): Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Ankara, Seçkin Yayıncılık.

SEGMENTING THE EUROPEAN UNION MARKET FOR DRIED FIG: A CASE STUDY

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 539 - 557, 01.05.2009

Öz

The European Union (EU) market is one of the most important export markets of
Turkey. Turkey is the leader country in the production and export of dried fig in
the world and in the EU. This important product requires development of right
marketing strategies in the EU market. Development of marketing strategies
firstly involves identification of the target market. The purpose of this study is
segmenting the EU market for dried fig and identifying potential target markets
as well as making recommendations for the development of suitable marketing
strategies.
It is assumed that the firms, which have an internationally registered trademark
and export to the EU, are able to set their own marketing strategies. Based on
this assumption, a case study was conducted in a firm which has the largest
number of internationally registered trademarks within the Aegean Region and
produces and exports dried fig.
Qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. Basically, the
“Strategically Equivalent Segment” approach of Kale and Sudharshan (1987) is
incorporated in the study. First, an interview was made with the vice president,
who was responsible for foreign sales in the firm in question, in order to discover
the market segmentation criteria. Then, a descriptive analysis was conducted
with these interview data and cluster analyses were made for EU member
countries and their regions based on these criteria and the EU market was
segmented for the dried fig.

Kaynakça

  • ASKEGAARD, S. and MADSEN, T.K. (1998): “The Local and the Global: Exploring Traits of Homogeneity and Heterogeneity in European Food Cultures”, International Business Review, 7: 549-568.
  • BUZZELL, R.D. (1968): “Can You Standardize Multinational Marketing?”, Harvard Business Review, 46 (6): 102-113.
  • CIA World Factbook (2005), http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications /factbook/geos/be(fr, fi, gm, gr, hu, ei, it, lg, lh, lu, ma, nl, pl, po, lo, si, sp, sw, uk, au, cy, ez, da, en).html#People; (27.06.05).
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı. (2000): Sekizinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı, Fikri Haklar Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. Ankara.
  • http://ekutup.dpt.gov.tr/hukuk/oik/521.pdf (01.07.04).
  • DOUGLAS, S.P. and WIND, Y. (1987): “The Myth of Globalization”, Columbia Journal of World Business, 22 (4):19-29.
  • DOUGLAS, S.P. and CRAIG, C. S. (1995): Global Marketing Strategy, New York, McGraw Hill.
  • DTM (2005), http://www.dtm.gov.tr/ ead/ekolar1 /Dtgos.htm, (29.06.05).
  • ERSOY, F. (1999): Avrupa Tek Pazarının Türk İhracatçı Firmalar Tarafından Endüstriyel Ürünler Açısından Bölümlendirilmesi, Eskişehir, TC Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • EUROSTAT (2005): GDP per Capita in PPS. EUROSTAT http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/ portal/page?_pageid=1996,39140985&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&scree n=detailref&language=en&product=EU_MASTER_main_economic_indicators&r oot=EU_MASTER_main_economic_indicators/main/overview/yearlies/B1/B11/e b011, (29.06.05).
  • EUROSTAT (2005): People by age classes. EUROSTAT http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/portal/page?pageid=1996,39140985&dad=portal& schema=PORTAL&screen=detailref&language=en&product=Yearlies_new_pop ulation&root=Yearliesnew_population/C/C1/C11/caa15632, (29.06.05).
  • EUROSTAT (2005): Health. EUROSTAT http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/portal /page?pageid=1996,39140985&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&screen=detai lref&language=en&product=Yearliesnewpopulation&root=Yearliesnewpopulatio n/C/C5/C51/cda18192, (29.06.05).
  • EUROSTAT (2005): Education. EUROSTAT, http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/portal/page?pageid=1996,39140985&_dad=portal &_schema=PORTAL&screen=detailref&language=en&product=Yearliesnewpop ulation&root=Yearliesnewpopulation/C/C5/C51/cda12560, (29.06.05).
  • EUROSTAT (2005): Introduction to NUTS. EUROSTAT, http://europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/ramon/nuts/basicnuts_regions_en.html. (29.06.05).
  • EUROSTAT (2005): Purchasing Power Parities per Inhabitant .2001. GDP at
  • NUTS Level2-ESA95. EUROSTAT http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/extractionanonymous/evalight/EVALIGHT.jsp?A=1 & language=en&root=/theme1/regio/e, (01.07.05).
  • EUROSTAT (2001): Health Personel 2001. Health Statistics. EUROSTAT http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/extractionanonymous/evalight/EVALIGHT.jsp?A=1 &language=en&root=/theme1/regio/e, (01.07.05).
  • EUROSTAT (2001): Demographic Statistics. 2001. Average Population by Sex and Age. EUROSTAT http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/extractionanonymous/evalight/EVAlight.jsp?A=1&language=en&root=/theme1/regio/demo -r/d2avg, (01.07.05).
  • FRANK, R.E.; MASSY, W.F. and WIND, Y. (1972): Market Segmentation, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, Inc.
  • GEORGE, D. and MALLARY, P. (2003):SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference 11.0 Update, 4th ed., USA, Pearson Education.
  • HASSAN, S.S. and KATSANIS, L.P. (1994): HASSAN, S.S. & KAYNAK, E. Globalization of Consumer Markets: Structures and Strategies. Binghamton: International Business Pres.
  • HASSAN, S.S.; CRAFT, S. and KORTAM, W. (2003): “Understanding the New Bases for Global Market Segmentation”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 20 (5): 446-462.
  • HUSZAGH, S.M.; FOX, R.J. and DAY, E. (1986): “Global Marketing: An Empirical Investigation”, Columbia Journal of World Business, 20: 31-43.
  • İhracat 2002-2006 Stratejik Planı, TC Başbakanlık Dış Ticaret Müsteşarlığı İhracat Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • JAIN, S.C. (1993): International Marketing Management, John Wiley and Sons.
  • KALE, S.H. and SUDHARSHAN, D. (1987): “A Strategic Approach to International Segmentation”, International Marketing Review, 4 (2): 60-70.
  • KEEGAN, W.J. and SCHLEGELMILCH, B.B. (2001): Global Marketing: A European Perspective, Financial Times Prentice Hall.
  • KOTLER, P. (1986). “Global Standardization-Courting Danger”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 3 (2): 13-15.
  • KOTLER, P. and ARMSTRONG, G. (2006): Principles of Marketing, New Jersey, Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • KÜÇÜKEMİROĞLU, O. (1999): “Market Segmentation by Using Consumer Lifestyle Dimensions and Ethnocentrism: An Empirical Study”, European Journal of Marketing, 33 (5/6): 470-487.
  • LEVITT, T. (1983): “The Globalization of Markets”, Harvard Business Review, 61 (3): 92-101.
  • LUQMANI, M., YAVAŞ, U. and QURAESHI, Z. (1994): “A Convenience-oriented Approach to Country Segmentation: Implications for Global Marketing Strategies”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 11 (4): 29-40.
  • OKTAV, M. (1994): Uluslararası Pazarlama: Kuram, İlkeler, Uygulamalar, İzmir, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • ÖZDEN, Ç. (2005): Kuru İncir Sektör Araştırması. İGEME. www.igeme.org.tr, (29.06.05).
  • PETERSON, M. and MALHOTRA, N. (2000): “Country Segmentation Based on Objective Quality-of-Life Measures”, International Marketing Review, 17 (1): 56- 73.
  • SHETH, J.N. (1986): “Global Markets or Global Competition?”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 3 (2): 9-11.
  • SHETH, J.N. and PARVATIYAR, A. (2001): “The Antecedents and Consequences of Integrated Global Marketing”, International Marketing Review, 18 (1): 16-29.
  • STEENKAMP, J.-B.E.M. and TER HOFSTEDE, F. (2002): “International Market Segmentation: Issues and Perspectives”, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 19: 185-213.
  • UNECE (2005): Economic Survey of Europe No:1.
  • WIPO (2004): Member States. WIPO http://www.wipo.int/aboutwipo/en/members/member_states.html#B, (01.07.04).
  • WIPO (2005): Intellectual Property Digital Library.
  • http://www.wipo.int/ipdl/en/search/madrid/search-struct.jsp, (25.04.05).
  • YAVAŞ, U.; VERHAGE, B.J. and GREEN, R.T. (1992): “Global Consumer Segmentation versus Local Market Orientation: Empirical Findings”, Management International Review, 32 (3): 265-272.
  • YILDIRIM, A. and ŞİMŞEK, H. (2003): Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Ankara, Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA78KV72NV
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Bilge Aykol Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2009
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Aykol, B. (2009). SEGMENTING THE EUROPEAN UNION MARKET FOR DRIED FIG: A CASE STUDY. Ege Academic Review, 9(2), 539-557.
AMA Aykol B. SEGMENTING THE EUROPEAN UNION MARKET FOR DRIED FIG: A CASE STUDY. eab. Mayıs 2009;9(2):539-557.
Chicago Aykol, Bilge. “SEGMENTING THE EUROPEAN UNION MARKET FOR DRIED FIG: A CASE STUDY”. Ege Academic Review 9, sy. 2 (Mayıs 2009): 539-57.
EndNote Aykol B (01 Mayıs 2009) SEGMENTING THE EUROPEAN UNION MARKET FOR DRIED FIG: A CASE STUDY. Ege Academic Review 9 2 539–557.
IEEE B. Aykol, “SEGMENTING THE EUROPEAN UNION MARKET FOR DRIED FIG: A CASE STUDY”, eab, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 539–557, 2009.
ISNAD Aykol, Bilge. “SEGMENTING THE EUROPEAN UNION MARKET FOR DRIED FIG: A CASE STUDY”. Ege Academic Review 9/2 (Mayıs 2009), 539-557.
JAMA Aykol B. SEGMENTING THE EUROPEAN UNION MARKET FOR DRIED FIG: A CASE STUDY. eab. 2009;9:539–557.
MLA Aykol, Bilge. “SEGMENTING THE EUROPEAN UNION MARKET FOR DRIED FIG: A CASE STUDY”. Ege Academic Review, c. 9, sy. 2, 2009, ss. 539-57.
Vancouver Aykol B. SEGMENTING THE EUROPEAN UNION MARKET FOR DRIED FIG: A CASE STUDY. eab. 2009;9(2):539-57.