The Effects of Psychological Capital on Task and Contextual Performance: A Research on Police Organization

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 115 - 124, 01.02.2014

Sema Polatcı

Öz

One of the most important features of psychological capital is to play an effective role on performance and the antecedents of performance. Therefore this study was conducted to analyze howsub-dimensions of psychological capital (selfefficacy, hope, optimism and resilience) individually and as a composite higher-order factor predicted performance and sub-dimensions of performance. The data obtained fromthe policein the province ofTokatwere subjected toregression analysis. According to the results, total psychological capital affects total performance, task performance and contextual performance. From sub-dimensions of psychological capital only resilience affects total performance, task performance and contextual performance; and hope sub-dimension affects total performance and task performance

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psychological capital, performance, task performance, contextual performance

Psikolojik Sermayenin Görev ve Bağlamsal Performans Üzerindeki Etkileri: Polis Teşkilatında Bir Araştırma

Öz

Psikolojik sermayenin en önemli özelliklerinden birisi, iş performansı ve performansın öncülleri üzerinde etkin bir rol oynamasıdır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada psikolojik sermaye kavramının bir bütün olarak ve alt boyutlarının (özyeterlilik, ümit, iyimserlik ve dayanıklılık) performans ve performans alt boyutları üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Tokat il merkezinde görev yapan polislerden elde edilen veriler regresyon analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Sonuçlara göre toplam psikolojik sermaye performans üzerinde önemli ölçüde etkili olurken, psikolojik sermayenin tüm alt boyutları performans üzerinde aynı şekilde etkili olmamıştır. Psikolojik sermayenin alt boyutlarından sadece dayanıklılığın hem toplam performansı hem de iki performans boyutunu anlamlı ve pozitif yönde etkilediği, ümit alt boyutunun ise toplam performansı ve görev performansını anlamlı ve pozitif yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psikolojik sermaye, performans, görev performansı, bağlamsal performans

Kaynakça

• Akdoğan, A. ve Polatcı, S. (2013) “Psikolojik Serma- yenin Performans Üzerindeki Etkisinde İş Aile Yayılımı ve Psikolojik İyi Oluşun Etkisi”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(1):273-293.
• Bandura, A. (1986)Social Foundations of Thought and Action, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall.
• Borman, W.C. ve Motowidlo S.J. (1993) “Expanding the Criterion Domain to Include Elements of Contextu- al Performance,” Schmitt et all(eds.)Personnel Selection in Organizations, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.
• Bryant, F.B. ve Cvengros, J.A. (2004) “Distinguishin gHopeandOptimism”Journal of SocialandClinicalPsycho- logy, 23:273-302.
• Çetin, F. ve Basım, N. (2012) “Örgütsel Psikolojik Sermaye: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması” Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 45(1):121-137.
• Envick, B.R. (2005) “Beyond Humand and Social Capital: The Importance of Positive Psychological Capital for Entrepreneurial Success”The Entrepreneurial Executive, 10:41-52
• Goodman, S.A. ve Svyantek, D.J. (1999) “Person–Or- ganization Fit and Contextual Performance: Do Shared Values Matter”Journal Of Vocational Behavior, 55:254-275
• Jawahar, I.M. ve Carr, D. (2007) “Conscientiousness and Contextual Performance: The Compensatory Effects of Perceived Organizational Support and Leader‐Member Exchange” Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(4):330- 349.
• Larson, M. ve Luthans, F. (2006) “Potential Ad- ded Value of Psychological Capital in Predicting Work Attitudes”Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studi- es,13(1):45- 62.
• Luthans, F., Avolio, B.J., Avey, J.B. ve Norman, S.M. (2007) “Positive Psychological Capital: Measurement and Relationship with Performance and Satisfaction”Personnel Pschology, 60:541-572.
• Luthans, F., Avolio, B.J., Walumbwa, F.O. ve Li, W. (2005) “The Psychological Capital of Chinese Workers, Exploring the Relationship with Performance,” Manage- ment and Organization Review, 1(2):249-271.
• Luthans, F., Youssef, C.M. ve Avolio, B.J. (2007) Psychological Capital, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
• Luthans, F. ve Avolio, B.J. (2009) “’The Point’ of Po- sitive Organizational Behavior” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30:291-307.
• Luthans, F. (2002a) “Positive Organizational Be- havior: Developing and Managing Psychological Strengths”Academy of Management Executive, 15(1):57-72.
• Luthans, F. (2002b) “The Need for and Meaning of Positive Organizational Behavior”Journal of Organizatio- nal Behavior, 23:695-706.
• Luthans, F., Youssef, C.M. ve Avolio, B.J. (2007) Psychological Capital, New York, Oxford University Press.
• Luthans, F., Luthans, K.W. ve Luthans, B.C. (2004) “Positive Psychological Capital: Beyond Human and So- cial Capital”Business Horizons, 47(1):45-50.
• Luthans, F. (2008)Organizational Behavior, 11. Editi- on, McGraw Hill.
• Luthans, F., Norman, S.M., Avolio, B.J.ve Avey, J.B. (2008) “The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital in the Supportive Organizational Climate-Employee Perfor- mance Relationship”Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29:219-238.
• Magaletta, P.R. ve Oliver, J.M. (1999) “TheHope- Construct, Will, andWays: TheirRelationswithEfficacy, Optimism, and General Well-being”, Journal of Clini- calPsychology, 55(5): 539-551.
• Masten, A.S. ve Marie-Gabrielle J.R. (2002) “Resili- ence in Development” Snyder et al (eds.) Handbook of Positive Psychology, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
• Masten, A.S. (2001) “Ordinary Magic: Resilience Pro- cess in Development”American Psychologist, 56(3):227-239.
• Motowidlo, S.J. (2000) “Some Basic Issues Related to Contextual Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Human Resource Management” Human Re- source Management Review, 10(1):115-126.
• Nakip, M. (2006) Pazarlama Araştırmaları Teknikler ve Uygulamalar,Ankara, Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Nelson, D. ve Cooper, C.L. (2007)Positive Organiza- tional Behavior, London, Sage Publication.
• Özkalp, E. (2009) “Örgütsel Davranışta Yeni Bir Boyut: Pozitif (Olumlu) Örgütsel Davranış Yaklaşımı ve Konuları”Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Eskişehir17. Ulusal Yö- netim ve Organizasyon Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı,491-497.
• Page L.F. ve Donohue, R. (2004) “Positive Psycho- logical Capital: A Preliminary Exploration of the Cons- truct” Monash University Department of Management Working Paper Series.
• Peterson, C. (2000) “The Future of Optimism”American Psychologist, 55(1) 44-55.
• Polatcı, S. (2011) “Psikolojik Sermayenin Performans Üzerindeki Etkisinde İş Aile Yayılımı ve Psikolojik İyi Oluşun Rolü” Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi,Kayseri, Er- ciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Rego, A., Marques, C., Leal, S., Sousa, F. ve Cunha, M.P. (2010) “Psychological Capital and Performans of Portugese Civil Servants: Exploring Neutralizers in the Context of an Appraisal System”The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(9):1531-1552.
• Schneider, S.L. (2001) “In Search of Realis- tic Optimism: Meaning, Knowledge and Warm ment and Validation of the State Hope Scale”Journal of Fuzziness”American Psychologist, 56(3):250-263. Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2):321-335.
• Schulman, P. (1999) “Applying Learned Optimism to Increase Sales Productivity”Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 19(1):31-37.
• Seligman, M. ve Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000) “Positi- ve Psychology” American Psychologist, 55(1):5-14.
• Seligman, M. (1998)LearnedOptimism, New York, Pocket Books.
• Snyder, C.R. ve Lopez, S.J. (2007)Positive Psycho- logy: The Scientific and Practical Explorations of Human Strengths, USA, Sage Publication.
• Snyder, C.R., Irving, L.M. veAnderson, J.R. (1991) “Hope and Health: Measuring the Will and the Ways” Snyder et al.(eds.) Handbook of Social and Clinical Psycho- logy, New York, Pergamon.
• Snyder, C.R., Sympson, S.C., Ybasco, F.C., Borders, T.F., Babyak, M.A. ve Higgins, R.L. (1996) “Develop
• Stajkovic, A.D. ve Luthans, F. (1998) “Social Cogni- tive Theory and Self-Efficacy: Going Beyond Traditional Motivational and Behavioral Approaches”Organizational Dynamics, 26(4): 62-74.
• Stewart, M.,Reid, G. ve Mangham, C. (1997) “Fos- tering Children’s Resilience”Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 12(1):21-31.
• Youssef, C.M. ve Luthans, F. (2007) “Positive Or- ganizational Behavior in the Workplace: The Impact of Hope, Optimism, and Resiliency”Journal of Management, 33:774-800.