Impact of Terrorism on Financial Markets of Turkey: An Empirical Study
Year 2017,
Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 147 - 160, 01.02.2017
Neşe Algan
Mehmet Balcılar
Harun Bal
Müge Manga
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of terrorism on the Turkish financial market. We test for causality from terrorism index to returns and volatilities of 16 sector level stock indices using daily data from Jan 4, 1988 to May 24, 2016 and a recently developed nonparametric causality-intest test of Balcilar et al. (2016). The results show that there is no causality from terrorist activities to stock market returns. However, we find significant causality at various quantiles from terrorist activates to volatility of tourism, food and basic materials sectors
References
- Abadie, A. ve Gardeazabal, J. (2005). “Terrorism and
the World Economy”. European Economic Review,
52(1):1-27
- Ağırman, E., Özcan, M. ve Yılmaz, Ö. (2014). “Terörizmin
Finansal Piyasalara Etkisi: Ampirik Bir Çalışma”. BDDK
Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar, 8(2):99-117
- Aksoy, M. (2014). “The Effects of Terrorism on Turkish
Stock Market”. Ege Akademik Bakış, 14(1):31-41
- Arin, K.P., Ciferri, D. ve Spagnolo, N. (2008) “The Price
of Terror: The Effects of Terrorism on Stock Market
Returns and Volatility”. Economics Letters, 101:164-
167.
- Alexande, Y. ve Charles, K.E (ed). (1982), Political
Terrorism and Energy: The Threat and Response,
Praeger Publishers
- Alkan, N. 2002, Gençlik ve Terörizm, Ankara, Temüh
Yayınları
- Balcilar, M., Bekiros, S. ve Gupta, R. (2016). “The Role
of News-Based Uncertainty Indices in Predicting Oil
Markets: A Hybrid Nonparametric Quantile Causality
Method”, Department of Economics Working Paper
Series.1-17
- Balcilar, M., Gupta, R., Pierdzioch, C., & Wohar, M.
(2016). Terror Attacks and Stock-Market Fluctuations:
Evidence Based on a Nonparametric Causality-inQuantiles
Test for the G7 Countries (No. 201608).
- Bashir, U, Gillani, A H, & Muhammad, S. 2013.
“Influence of Terrorist Activities on Financial Markets:
Evidence from KSE”. Financial Assets and Investing, (2),
p. 5-13
- Brock W.A., Dechert D, Lebaron B. ve Scheinkman J.
(1996) “A test for independence based on a correlation
dimension”, Econometric Review, 15:197-235
- Cam, M. A. (2008) “The impact of terrorism on United
States industries”. Economic Papers: A journal of
applied economics and policy, 27(2):115-134.
- Chen, A.H. ve Siems, T.F. (2004)“The Effects of
Terrorism on Global Capital Markets”. European
Journal of Political Economy, 20:349-366.
- Chesney, M. Reshetar, G. ve Karaman, M. (2011)“The
Impact of Terrorism on Financial Markets: An
Neşe ALGAN, Mehmet BALCILAR, Harun BAL, Müge MANGA
160
Empirical Study”. Journal of Banking and Finance, 35
(2):253- 267.
- Christofis, N. Kollias, C., Papadamou, S. ve Stagiannis,
A. (2010) “Terrorism and Capital Markets: The Effects
of the Istanbul Bombings”. Economics of Security
Working Paper 31
- Chuliá, H., Climent, F.J., Soriano, P. ve Torró, H.
(2009) “Volatility transmission patterns and terrorist
attacks”Quantitative Finance, 9 (5), p. 607-619.
- Drakos, K. (2010) “Terrorism Activity, Investor
Sentiment and Stock Returns”. Review of Financial
Economics, 19 (3):128-135.
- Eckstein, Z. ve Tsiddon, D. (2004) “Macroeconomic
Consequences of Terror: Theory and the Case of Israel”.
Journal of Monetary Economics, 51 (5):971-1002.
- Eldor, R. R., Hauser, S., Kroll, Y. ve Shoukair, S. (2012)
“Financial Markets and Terrorism: The Perspective
of The Two Sides of The Conflict”. Journal of Business
Administration Research, 1:18-29.
- Eldor, R.,ve Melnick, R. (2004). “Financial Markets and
Terrorism”. European Journal of Political Economy,
20:367-386.
- Fathi, S. ve Sahahraki, K. (2011) “Effect of Terrorism
on Financial Markets”, Interdisciplinary Journal of
Contemporary Research in Business, 3 (5): 249–255
- Frey, B., Luechinger, S., ve Stutzer, A. (2007) “Calculating
Tragedy: Assessing the Costs of Terrorism”, Journal of
Economic Surveys, (21):1-24
- Global Terrorism Database, (2016). Global Terrorism
Index. https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/ (20.03.2016)
- Graham, M. A. ve Ramiah, V. B. (2012). “Global Terrorism
and Adaptive Expectations in Financial Markets:
Evidence from Japanese Equity Market”. Research in
International Business and Finance, 26(1):97-119.
- Gürel, M. M. (2008). “Küreselleşen Dünya ve Terörizm”,
Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kadir Has
Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
J.B.S. Hardman: “Terrorism”, Encyclopedia of the Social
Sciences (yön. E.R. Seligman; New York: Macmillan,
1936), 578.s. Ayrıca: R. Gaucher, Les Terroristes (Paris:
Albin Michel, 1965), s. 24
- Hon, M.T., Strauss, J., ve Yong, S.Y. (2004) “Contagion
in Financial Markets After September 11: Myth or
Reality?”, Journal of Financial Research, 27:95-114.
- Johnson, P. (1980) ”The Seven Deadly Sins Of
Terrorism, International Terrorism: challenge and
Response” ed. Benjamin Netayahu, Jeıusalem: The
Jonathan Institue, 15
- Jeong, K., Härdle, W. K. ve Song, S. (2012). “A
Consistent Nonparametric Test for Causality in
Quantile”. Econometric Theory, 28:861-887.
- Karolyi, A., ve Martell, R., (2010). “Terrorism and
The Stock Market”. International Review of Applied
Financial Issues and Economics, 2,:285-314.
- Kollias, C., Papadamou, S. ve Stagiannis, A. (2011).
“Terrorism and Capital Markets: The Effects of The
Madrid and London Bomb Attacks”. International
Review of Economics & Finance, 20(4):532-541.
- Nikkinen, J., Omran, M., Sahlstrom, P., ve Aijo, J.
(2008). “Stock Returns and Volatility Following The
September 11 Attacks: Evidence from 53 Equity
Markets”. International Review of Financial Analysis, 17
(1):27-46
- Nishiyama, Y., Hitomi, K., Kawasak, Y., ve Jeong,
K., (2011). “A Consistent Nonparametric Test for
Nonlinear Causality - Specification in Time Series
Regression”. Journal of Econometrics, 165:112-127.
- RAND Database (2016) Worldwide Terrorism
Incidents, http://www.rand.org/nsrd/ projects/
terrorism-incidents.html, (Erişim tarihi: 03.06.2016)
- Şimşek,M.(2016).“Terörizm: Kavramsal Bir Çalişma”,
Akademik Bakış Dergisi,54:319-335
- Suleman T. M. (2012). “Stock market reaction to
terrorist attacks:Empirical evidence from a front line
state”. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance
Journal, 6(1):97-110.
- Thomson Reuters Datastream (2016) http://financial.
thomsonreuters.com/en/products/data-analytics/
financial-news-feed.html (Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2016)
- Yayla,A.(1980),“Terörizm:Kavramsal Bir
Çerçeve”A.Ü.Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi
Dergisi,45(1):335-385.http://www.politics.ankara.
edu.tr/dergi/pdf/45/1/atillayayla.pdf. (25.05.2016)
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/TT15/WEF_Global_
Travel&Tourism_Report_2015.pdf(04/11/2016.
- Yıldırım M. (2012), “The Effect of Terrorism on Stock
Market: Turkish Experience”, http://www.academia.
edu/7904736/_The_Effect_of_Terrorism_on_Stock_
Market_Turkish_Experience_ (25.05.2016)
Terörizmin Türkiye Finansal Piyasaları Üzerine Etkisi: Ampirik Bir Çalışma
Year 2017,
Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 147 - 160, 01.02.2017
Neşe Algan
Mehmet Balcılar
Harun Bal
Müge Manga
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki terör eylemlerinin finansal piyasalar üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. 4 Ocak 1988-24 Mayıs 2016 tarihleri arasındaki günlük veriler ile 16 sektör endeksi kullanılarak yapılan analizde Balcilar vd. (2016) tarafından geliştirilen Parametrik olmayan kantil nedensellik testi kullanılmaktadır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda, terör eylemleri ile finansal piyasalar arasında ortalama getiri bakımından nedensellik ilişkisinin mevcut olmadığı ancak terör eylemlerinin Türkiye’deki turizm, gıda, temel materyaller gibi sektörlerde getiri oynaklığını arttırarak belirsizliğe yol açtığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır
References
- Abadie, A. ve Gardeazabal, J. (2005). “Terrorism and
the World Economy”. European Economic Review,
52(1):1-27
- Ağırman, E., Özcan, M. ve Yılmaz, Ö. (2014). “Terörizmin
Finansal Piyasalara Etkisi: Ampirik Bir Çalışma”. BDDK
Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar, 8(2):99-117
- Aksoy, M. (2014). “The Effects of Terrorism on Turkish
Stock Market”. Ege Akademik Bakış, 14(1):31-41
- Arin, K.P., Ciferri, D. ve Spagnolo, N. (2008) “The Price
of Terror: The Effects of Terrorism on Stock Market
Returns and Volatility”. Economics Letters, 101:164-
167.
- Alexande, Y. ve Charles, K.E (ed). (1982), Political
Terrorism and Energy: The Threat and Response,
Praeger Publishers
- Alkan, N. 2002, Gençlik ve Terörizm, Ankara, Temüh
Yayınları
- Balcilar, M., Bekiros, S. ve Gupta, R. (2016). “The Role
of News-Based Uncertainty Indices in Predicting Oil
Markets: A Hybrid Nonparametric Quantile Causality
Method”, Department of Economics Working Paper
Series.1-17
- Balcilar, M., Gupta, R., Pierdzioch, C., & Wohar, M.
(2016). Terror Attacks and Stock-Market Fluctuations:
Evidence Based on a Nonparametric Causality-inQuantiles
Test for the G7 Countries (No. 201608).
- Bashir, U, Gillani, A H, & Muhammad, S. 2013.
“Influence of Terrorist Activities on Financial Markets:
Evidence from KSE”. Financial Assets and Investing, (2),
p. 5-13
- Brock W.A., Dechert D, Lebaron B. ve Scheinkman J.
(1996) “A test for independence based on a correlation
dimension”, Econometric Review, 15:197-235
- Cam, M. A. (2008) “The impact of terrorism on United
States industries”. Economic Papers: A journal of
applied economics and policy, 27(2):115-134.
- Chen, A.H. ve Siems, T.F. (2004)“The Effects of
Terrorism on Global Capital Markets”. European
Journal of Political Economy, 20:349-366.
- Chesney, M. Reshetar, G. ve Karaman, M. (2011)“The
Impact of Terrorism on Financial Markets: An
Neşe ALGAN, Mehmet BALCILAR, Harun BAL, Müge MANGA
160
Empirical Study”. Journal of Banking and Finance, 35
(2):253- 267.
- Christofis, N. Kollias, C., Papadamou, S. ve Stagiannis,
A. (2010) “Terrorism and Capital Markets: The Effects
of the Istanbul Bombings”. Economics of Security
Working Paper 31
- Chuliá, H., Climent, F.J., Soriano, P. ve Torró, H.
(2009) “Volatility transmission patterns and terrorist
attacks”Quantitative Finance, 9 (5), p. 607-619.
- Drakos, K. (2010) “Terrorism Activity, Investor
Sentiment and Stock Returns”. Review of Financial
Economics, 19 (3):128-135.
- Eckstein, Z. ve Tsiddon, D. (2004) “Macroeconomic
Consequences of Terror: Theory and the Case of Israel”.
Journal of Monetary Economics, 51 (5):971-1002.
- Eldor, R. R., Hauser, S., Kroll, Y. ve Shoukair, S. (2012)
“Financial Markets and Terrorism: The Perspective
of The Two Sides of The Conflict”. Journal of Business
Administration Research, 1:18-29.
- Eldor, R.,ve Melnick, R. (2004). “Financial Markets and
Terrorism”. European Journal of Political Economy,
20:367-386.
- Fathi, S. ve Sahahraki, K. (2011) “Effect of Terrorism
on Financial Markets”, Interdisciplinary Journal of
Contemporary Research in Business, 3 (5): 249–255
- Frey, B., Luechinger, S., ve Stutzer, A. (2007) “Calculating
Tragedy: Assessing the Costs of Terrorism”, Journal of
Economic Surveys, (21):1-24
- Global Terrorism Database, (2016). Global Terrorism
Index. https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/ (20.03.2016)
- Graham, M. A. ve Ramiah, V. B. (2012). “Global Terrorism
and Adaptive Expectations in Financial Markets:
Evidence from Japanese Equity Market”. Research in
International Business and Finance, 26(1):97-119.
- Gürel, M. M. (2008). “Küreselleşen Dünya ve Terörizm”,
Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kadir Has
Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
J.B.S. Hardman: “Terrorism”, Encyclopedia of the Social
Sciences (yön. E.R. Seligman; New York: Macmillan,
1936), 578.s. Ayrıca: R. Gaucher, Les Terroristes (Paris:
Albin Michel, 1965), s. 24
- Hon, M.T., Strauss, J., ve Yong, S.Y. (2004) “Contagion
in Financial Markets After September 11: Myth or
Reality?”, Journal of Financial Research, 27:95-114.
- Johnson, P. (1980) ”The Seven Deadly Sins Of
Terrorism, International Terrorism: challenge and
Response” ed. Benjamin Netayahu, Jeıusalem: The
Jonathan Institue, 15
- Jeong, K., Härdle, W. K. ve Song, S. (2012). “A
Consistent Nonparametric Test for Causality in
Quantile”. Econometric Theory, 28:861-887.
- Karolyi, A., ve Martell, R., (2010). “Terrorism and
The Stock Market”. International Review of Applied
Financial Issues and Economics, 2,:285-314.
- Kollias, C., Papadamou, S. ve Stagiannis, A. (2011).
“Terrorism and Capital Markets: The Effects of The
Madrid and London Bomb Attacks”. International
Review of Economics & Finance, 20(4):532-541.
- Nikkinen, J., Omran, M., Sahlstrom, P., ve Aijo, J.
(2008). “Stock Returns and Volatility Following The
September 11 Attacks: Evidence from 53 Equity
Markets”. International Review of Financial Analysis, 17
(1):27-46
- Nishiyama, Y., Hitomi, K., Kawasak, Y., ve Jeong,
K., (2011). “A Consistent Nonparametric Test for
Nonlinear Causality - Specification in Time Series
Regression”. Journal of Econometrics, 165:112-127.
- RAND Database (2016) Worldwide Terrorism
Incidents, http://www.rand.org/nsrd/ projects/
terrorism-incidents.html, (Erişim tarihi: 03.06.2016)
- Şimşek,M.(2016).“Terörizm: Kavramsal Bir Çalişma”,
Akademik Bakış Dergisi,54:319-335
- Suleman T. M. (2012). “Stock market reaction to
terrorist attacks:Empirical evidence from a front line
state”. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance
Journal, 6(1):97-110.
- Thomson Reuters Datastream (2016) http://financial.
thomsonreuters.com/en/products/data-analytics/
financial-news-feed.html (Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2016)
- Yayla,A.(1980),“Terörizm:Kavramsal Bir
Çerçeve”A.Ü.Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi
Dergisi,45(1):335-385.http://www.politics.ankara.
edu.tr/dergi/pdf/45/1/atillayayla.pdf. (25.05.2016)
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/TT15/WEF_Global_
Travel&Tourism_Report_2015.pdf(04/11/2016.
- Yıldırım M. (2012), “The Effect of Terrorism on Stock
Market: Turkish Experience”, http://www.academia.
edu/7904736/_The_Effect_of_Terrorism_on_Stock_
Market_Turkish_Experience_ (25.05.2016)