Role of Competencies in Employee Selection Function: A Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach

Öz

To focus not only on “what it is done” but also on “how it is done” has become the essential point of new HRM functions. The point which is called as “competency” defines the characteristics distinguishing an excellent employee from an average employee. In the study, the employee selection which is one of the functions of HRM is discussed in terms of a competency approach, and two-hierarchical model consisting of competencybased human resources criteria and total subcriteria is used. The aim of the study is to help decision makers to choose the optimum alternative among all potential project manager alternatives with prioritization based upon their competence.The essential criteria which have higher priority weights are Achievement and Action and The Impact and Influence. The four alternatives were ranked using the priority weights of the criteria and sub-criteria. As a result, list of alternative project managers ranked by their competences was suggested

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Employee Selection, Competency Based Employee Selection, Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process

İşgören Seçimi Fonksiyonunda Yetkinliklerin Rolü: Bir Bulanık Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci Yaklaşımı

Öz

Yeni İKY fonksiyonlarında, yalnızca “ne yapıldığına” değil; aynı zamanda “nasıl yapıldığına” da odaklanılması, temel husus haline gelmiştir. “Yetkinlik” olarak adlandırılan bu nokta, mükemmel bir çalışanı ortalama bir çalışandan ayırt eden özellikleri tanımlamaktadır. Çalışmada, İKY fonksiyonlarından biri olan işgören seçimi; yetkinlik yaklaşımı açısından tartışılmakta ve yetkinliğe dayalı insan kaynakları kriterlerini ve bunların toplam alt kriterlerini içeren iki-hiyerarşili model kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, yetkinliğe dayalı önceliklendirme aracılığı ile tüm olası proje yöneticisi alternatifleri arasında en uygun olanının seçiminde karar vericilere yardımcı olmaktır. Daha yüksek öncelik derecesine sahip temel kriterler, Başarı ve Çalışma ile Etki yetkinlikleridir. Dört alternatif, kriterlere ve alt kriterlere ilişkin öncelik dereceleri kullanarak sıralanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, yetkinliklerine göre sıralanan alternatif proje yöneticilerine ilişkin liste ortaya konmuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İşgören Seçimi, Yetkinliğe Dayalı İşgören Seçimi, Bulanık Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci

Kaynakça

1. Alliger, G. M., Feinzig, S. L., and Janak, E. A. (1993) “Fuzzy Sets and Personnel Selection: Discussion and an Application” Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 66(2): 163-169.
2. Athey, T. R., and Orth, M. S. (1999) “Emerging Competency Methods For The Future” Human Resource Management, 38(3): 215-226.
3. Boyatzis, R. E. (1982) The Competent Manager: A Model for Effective Performance, NY, Wiley.
4. Buckley, J.J. (1985) “Fuzzy Hierarchical Analysis” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 17: 233-247.
5. Capaldo, G., and Zollo, G. (2001) “Applying Fuzzy Logic to Personnel Assessment: A Case Study” Omega: International Journal of Management Science, 29(6): 585-597.
6. Carroll, A., and McCrackin, J. (1998) “The Competent Use of Competency-Based Strategies for Selection and Development” Performance Improvement Quarterly, 11(3): 45-63.
7. Chang, D.Y. (1996) “Applications of the Extent Analysis Method on Fuzzy AHP” European Journal of Operational Research, 95(3): 649-655.
8. Cheng, C.H., and Mon, D.L. (1994) “Evaluating Weapon System by Analytical Hierarchy Process Based on Fuzzy Scales” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 63: 1-10.

9. Çakır, O., and Canbolat, M. (2008) “A Web-Based Decision Support System For Multi-Criteria Inventory Classification Using Fuzzy AHP Methodology” Expert System with Application, 35: 1367-1378.
10. Defillippi, R. J., and Arthur, M. B. (1994) “The Boundaryless Career: A Competency-Based Perspective” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(4): 307-324.
11. Devisch, M. (1998) “The Kioto People Management Model” Total Quality Management, 9(4&5): 62-65. Dubois, D. D., Rothwell, W. J., Stern, D. J. K., and Kemp,
12. L. K. (2004) Competency-Based Human Resource Management, California, Davies-Black Publishing.
13. Garavan, T. N., and McGuire, D. (2001) “Competencies and Workplace Learning: Some Reflections on the Rhetoric and the Reality” Journal of Workplace Learning, 4(13): 144-163.
14. Gilan, S. S., Sebt, M. H., and Shahhosseini, V. (2012) “Computing with Words for Hierarchical Competency Based Selection of Personnel in Construction Companies” Applied Soft Computing, 12: 860-871. Role of Competencies in Employee Selection Function: A Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach 213
15. Göleç, A., and Kahya, E. (2007) “A Fuzzy Model for Competency-Based Employee Evaluation and Selection” Computers&Industrial Engineering, 52: 143- 161.
16. Güler, M. E. (2012) “Prioritization of Revenue Management Factors: A Synthetic Extent Analysis Approach” Ege Academic Review, 12(2): 161 – 170.
17. Güngör, Z., Serhadlıoğlu, G., and Kesen, S. E. (2009) “A Fuzzy AHP Approach to Personnel Selection Problem” Applied Soft Computing, 9: 641-646.
18. Hall, R. (1992) “The Strategic Analysis of Intangible Resources” Strategic Management Journal, 13(2): 135- 144.
19. Kaufmann, A., and Gupta, M. M. (1991) Introduction to Fuzzy Arithmetic: Theory and Applications, New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold.
20. Lawler, E. E. (1994) “From Job-Based to CompetencyBased Organizations” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15: 3-15.
21. Lazarevic, S. P. (2001) “Personnel Selection Fuzzy Model” International Transactions in Operational Research, 8(1): 89-105.
22. Liang, G., and Wang, M. J. (1992) “Personnel Placement in a Fuzzy Environment” Computers and Operations Research, 19(2): 107-121.
23. Lievens, F., Van Dam, K., and Anderson, N. (2002) “Recent Trends and Challenges in Personnel Selection” Personnel Review, 31(5/6): 580-601.
24. McClelland, D. C. (1973) “Testing for Competence Rather Than Intelligence” American Psychologist, January: 1-14.
25. McLagan, P. A. (1980) “Competency Models” Training and Development Journal, 34(12): 22-26.
26. Mikhailov, L. (2003) “Deriving Priorities From Fuzzy Pairwise Comparison Judgments” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 134: 365-385.
27. Mohanty, R.P., and Deshmukh, S.G. (1997) “Evolution of a Decision Support System for Human Resource Planning in Petroleum Company”, International Journal of Production Economics, 51: 251-261.
28. Nordhaug, O. (1998) “Competence Specificities in Organizations” International Studies of Management and Organization, 28(1): 8-29.
29. Özçelik, G., and Ferman, M. (2006) “Competency Approach to Human Resources Management: Outcomes and Contributions in a Turkish Cultural Context”, Human Resource Development Review, 5(1): 72-91.
30. Özdağoğlu, A. (2016) Bulanık İşlemler Durulaştırma ve Sözel Eşikler –Bilgisayar Uygulamalı Örneklerle–, 1. Baskı, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
31. Özdağoğlu, A. (2013) “Farklı Normalizasyon Yöntemlerinin TOPSIS’te Karar Verme Sürecine Etkisi”, Ege Akademik Bakış, Cilt: 13, Sayı: 2, Nisan: 245-257
32. Polychroniou, P. V., and Giannikos, I. (2009) “A Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-making Methodology for Selection of Human Resources in a Greek Private Bank” Career Development International, 14(4): 372- 387.
33. Prahalad, C. K., and Hamel, G. (1990) “The Core Competence of the Corporation” Harvard Business Review, May-June: 79-91.
34. Rothwell, W. J., and Lindholm, J. E. (1999) “Competency Identification, Modelling and Assessment in the USA” International Journal of Training and Development, 3(2): 90-105.
35. Saaty, T. L. (1977) “Scaling Method for Priorities in Hierarchical Structure” Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 15(3): 234-281.
36. Saaty, T. L. (1980) Multicriteria Decision Making: The Analytic Hierarchy Process, New York, McGraw-Hill.
37. Sandberg, J. (2000) “Understanding Human Competence at Work: An Interpretative Approach” The Academy of Management Journal, 43(1): 9-25.
38. Shahhosseini V., and Sebt M. H. (2011) “CompetencyBased Selection and Assignment of Human Resources to Construction Projects” Scientia Iranica, Transaction A: Civil Engineering, [Online] Available: doi:10.1016/j. scient.2011.03.026 (April 2, 2015).
39. Shyan, H. J., Hsuan, H., Hsing, L. C., Lin, L., and Yen, T. C. (2011) “Competency Analysis of Top Managers in the Taiwanese Hotel Industry” International Journal of Hospitality Management, [Online] Available: doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.03.012 (July 31, 2015).
40. Simon, H. A. (1991) “Bounded Rationality and Organizational Learning” Organization Science, 2(1): 125-134.
41. Sparrow, P. R., and Hiltrop, J. (1994) European Human Resource Management in Transition, London, Prentice Hall.
42. Spencer, L. M., and Spencer, S. M. (1993) Competence at Work: Models for Superior Performance, Canada, John Wiley & Sons.
43. Tseng, Y., and Lee, T. (2009) “Comparing Appropriate Decision Support of Human Resource Practices on Organizational Performance with DEA/AHP Model” Expert Systems with Application, 36: 6548-6558. Evrim MAYATÜRK AKYOL, Mehmet Emre GÜLER 214
44. Vaidya, O. S., and Kumar, S. (2006) “Analytic Hierarchy Process: An Overview of Applications” European Journal of Operational Research, 169(1): 1-29.
45. Van Laarhoven, P. J. M., and Pedrycz, W. (1983) “A Fuzzy Extension of Saaty’s Priority Theory” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 11: 229-241.
46. Xu, R. (2000) “Fuzzy Least Squares Priority Method in the Analytic Hierarchy Process” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 112: 359-404.
47. Yeung, A. K. (1996) “Competencies for HR Professionals: An Interview with Richard E. Boyatzis” Human Resource Management, 35(1): 119-131.
48. Zadeh, L. A. (1975) “The Concept of Linguistic Variable and Its Application to Approximate Reasoning” Information Sciences, 8(3): 199-249.
49. Zahedi, F. (1996) “The Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Survey of the Method and Its Applications” Interfaces, 16(4): 96-108.
50. Zaim, H. (2007) “Competency Based Pay, A New Approach to Compensation Policy” Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(32): 115-133.