Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 73 - 88, 04.02.2025
Koray Yıldırım
,
Neşe Algan
,
Harun Bal
Kaynakça
- Akdoğan, K., & Werner, L. (2021). Sunk cost hysteresis in Turkish manufacturing exports.
- Alfaro, L., Cuñat, A., Fadinger, H., & Liu, Y. (2018). The real exchange rate, innovation and productivity: regional heterogeneity, asymmetries and hysteresis. NBER Working Paper, (w24633).
- Amable, B., Henry, J., Lordon, F., & Topol, R. (1994). Strong hysteresis versus zero-root dynamics. Economics Letters, 44(1-2), 43-47.
- Ansic, D., & Pugh, G. (1999). An experimental test of trade hysteresis: Market exit and entry decisions in the presence of sunk costs and exchange rate uncertainty. Applied Economics, 31(4), 427-436.
- Aslan, A., & Kula, F. (2010). On asymmetry effects of exchange rate volatility in Turkey. International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 3(2), 183-193.
- Backus, D. K. (1994). Comments on ‘Hysteresis and the duration of the J-curve’, by Avinash Dixit. Japan and the World Economy, 6(2), 121-128.
- Bagnai, A., & Ospina, C. A. M. (2015). Long-and short-run price asymmetries and hysteresis in the Italian gasoline market. Energy Policy, 78, 41-50.
- Baily, M. N. (2003). Persistent dollar swings and the US economy. Dollar Overvaluation and the World Economy.
- Baldwin, R. (1988a). Some empirical evidence on hysteresis in aggregate US import prices. DOI 10.3386/w2483
- Baldwin, R. (1988b). Hysteresis in import prices: the beachhead effect (No. w2545). DOI 10.3386/w2545
- Baldwin, R. E., & Lyons, R. K. (1994). Exchange rate hysteresis? Large versus small policy misalignments. European Economic Review, 38(1), 1-22.
- Baldwin, R., & Krugman, P. (1989). Persistent trade effects of large exchange rate shocks. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 104(4), 635-654.
- Belke, A., & Göcke, M. (1999). A simple model of hysteresis in employment under exchange rate uncertainty. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 46(3), 260-286.
- Belke, A., & Kronen, D. (2016). Exchange rate bands of inaction and play-hysteresis in Greek exports to the Euro Area, the US and Turkey: sectoral evidence. Empirica, 43(2), 349-390.
- Bragger, J. D., Bragger, D., Hantula, D. A., & Kirnan, J. (1998). Hyteresis and uncertainty: The effect of uncertainty on delays to exit decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 74(3), 229-253.
- Buğra, A. (2016). İktisatçılar ve insanlar. İletişim Yayınları.
- Campa, J. M. (2004). Exchange rates and trade: How important is hysteresis in trade?. European Economic Review, 48(3), 527-548.
- CBRT https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket Accessed: 16/02/2023
- Chavas, J. P. (1994). Production and investment decisions under sunk cost and temporal uncertainty. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 76(1), 114-127.
- Christophe, S. E. (1997). Hysteresis and the value of the US multinational corporation. The Journal of Business, 70(3), 435-462.
- Christopoulos, D. K., & León-Ledesma, M. A. (2010). Smooth breaks and non-linear mean reversion: Post-Bretton Woods real exchange rates. Journal of International Money and Finance, 29(6), 1076-1093.
- De Grauwe, P. (1988). Exchange rate variability and the slowdown in growth of international trade. Staff Papers, 35(1), 63-84.
- Delgado, F. A. (1991). Hysteresis, menu costs, and pricing with random exchange rates. Journal of Monetary Economics, 28(3), 461-484.
- Demsetz, H. (1982). Barriers to entry. The American economic review, 72(1), 47-57.
- Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica: journal of the Econometric Society, 1057-1072.
- Dixit, A. (1989a). Hysteresis, import penetration, and exchange rate pass-through. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 104(2), 205-228.
- Dixit, A. (1989b). Entry and exit decisions under uncertainty. Journal of political Economy, 97(3), 620-638.
- Dixit, A. (1991). Analytical approximations in models of hysteresis. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(1), 141-151.
- Dixit, A. (1992). Investment and hysteresis. Journal of economic perspectives, 6(1), 107-132.
- Dixit, A. K., Dixit, R. K., & Pindyck, R. S. (1994). Investment under uncertainty. Princeton university press.
- Dornbusch, R. (1976). Expectations and exchange rate dynamics. Journal of political Economy, 84(6), 1161-1176.
- Elsner, W. (2021). Collapse. Institutional decline and breakdown, its endogeneity and its asymmetry vis-á-vis emergence: A theoretical frame. Journal of Economic Issues, 55(1), 79-102.
- Farrell, J., & Klemperer, P. (2007). Coordination and lock-in: Competition with switching costs and network effects. Handbook of industrial organization, 3, 1967-2072.
- Gocke, M. (2001). A macroeconomic model with hysteresis in foreign trade. Metroeconomica, 52(4), 449-473.
- Göcke, M. (2002). Various concepts of hysteresis applied in economics. Journal of economic surveys, 16(2), 167-188.
- Kulatilaka, N., & Kogut, B. (1996). Direct investment, hysteresis, and real exchange rate volatility. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 10(1), 12-36.
- Ljungqvist, L. (1994). Hysteresis in international trade: a general equilibrium analysis. Journal of International Money and Finance, 13(4), 387-399.
- Máñez, J. A., Rochina-Barrachina, M. E., & Sanchis, J. A. (2008). Sunk costs hysteresis in Spanish manufacturing exports. Review of World Economics, 144, 272-294.
- McCausland, W. D. (2000). Exchange rate hysteresis from trade account interaction. The Manchester School, 68(1), 113-131.
- McCausland, W. D. (2002). Exchange Rate Hysteresis: The Effects of Overshooting and Short‐Termism. Economic Record, 78(240), 60-67.
- Miller, K. D., & Reuer, J. J. (1998). Asymmetric corporate exposures to foreign exchange rate changes. Strategic Management Journal, 19(12), 1183-1191.
- OECD https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=MEI_TRD# Accessed:16/02/2023
- Parsley, D. C., & Wei, S. J. (1994). Insignificant and Inconsequential Hysteresis: The Case of the US Bilateral Trade (No. w4738).
- Perron, P. (1989). The great crash, the oil price shock, and the unit root hypothesis. Econometrica: journal of the Econometric Society, 1361-1401.
- Rapach, D. (2001). Monetary Shocks and Real Exchange Rate Hysteresis: Evidence from the G‐7 Countries. Review of International Economics, 9(2), 356-371.
- ResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Dependence-of-the-hysteresis-loop-of-iron-or-steel-on-hardness-caused-by-the-addition_fig16_318487306 Researchgate.net Accessed:21/06/2021
- Rogers, J. H., & Jenkins, M. (1995). Haircuts or hysteresis? Sources of movements in real exchange rates. Journal of International Economics, 38(3-4), 339-360.
- Saatçioğlu, C., & Karaca, O. (2011). Döviz kuru belirsizliğinin ihracata etkisi: Türkiye örneği. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 5(2), 183-195.
- Schmitt-Grohé, S., Uribe, M., & Ramos, A. (2008). International macroeconomics. Durham: Duke University.
- Setterfield, M. (1993). A model of institutional hysteresis. Journal of Economic issues, 27(3), 755-774.
- Stock, J. H. (1994). Unit roots, structural breaks and trends. Handbook of econometrics, 4, 2739-2841.
- The Economist https://www.economist.com/news/2019/01/10/the-big-mac-index Accessed: 22/12/2023
- Thompson, F. (2020). On The Need For A Rule To Prevent Anti-Competitive Limit Pricing.
- Vergil, H., & Zengin, A. (2004). Ticaret Akımlarında Histerezis Etkileri: Türkiye Örneği.
- Zivot, E., & Andrews, D. W. K. (2002). Further evidence on the great crash, the oil-price shock, and the unit-root hypothesis. Journal of business & economic statistics, 20(1), 25-44.
Foreign trade hysteresis: An empirical essay Turkish case
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 73 - 88, 04.02.2025
Koray Yıldırım
,
Neşe Algan
,
Harun Bal
Öz
The permanent effects of temporary shocks in exchange rates on foreign trade flows are defined as hysteresis. In this study, hysteresis is analyzed on the basis of exchange rate and import relationship. Empirical findings point to the validity of hysteresis in the Turkish economy. Sunk costs are the main dynamics of hysteresis in the Turkish economy. As a matter of fact, hysteresis effects caused by sunk costs are determinant in the sustainability of the current account deficit.
Kaynakça
- Akdoğan, K., & Werner, L. (2021). Sunk cost hysteresis in Turkish manufacturing exports.
- Alfaro, L., Cuñat, A., Fadinger, H., & Liu, Y. (2018). The real exchange rate, innovation and productivity: regional heterogeneity, asymmetries and hysteresis. NBER Working Paper, (w24633).
- Amable, B., Henry, J., Lordon, F., & Topol, R. (1994). Strong hysteresis versus zero-root dynamics. Economics Letters, 44(1-2), 43-47.
- Ansic, D., & Pugh, G. (1999). An experimental test of trade hysteresis: Market exit and entry decisions in the presence of sunk costs and exchange rate uncertainty. Applied Economics, 31(4), 427-436.
- Aslan, A., & Kula, F. (2010). On asymmetry effects of exchange rate volatility in Turkey. International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 3(2), 183-193.
- Backus, D. K. (1994). Comments on ‘Hysteresis and the duration of the J-curve’, by Avinash Dixit. Japan and the World Economy, 6(2), 121-128.
- Bagnai, A., & Ospina, C. A. M. (2015). Long-and short-run price asymmetries and hysteresis in the Italian gasoline market. Energy Policy, 78, 41-50.
- Baily, M. N. (2003). Persistent dollar swings and the US economy. Dollar Overvaluation and the World Economy.
- Baldwin, R. (1988a). Some empirical evidence on hysteresis in aggregate US import prices. DOI 10.3386/w2483
- Baldwin, R. (1988b). Hysteresis in import prices: the beachhead effect (No. w2545). DOI 10.3386/w2545
- Baldwin, R. E., & Lyons, R. K. (1994). Exchange rate hysteresis? Large versus small policy misalignments. European Economic Review, 38(1), 1-22.
- Baldwin, R., & Krugman, P. (1989). Persistent trade effects of large exchange rate shocks. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 104(4), 635-654.
- Belke, A., & Göcke, M. (1999). A simple model of hysteresis in employment under exchange rate uncertainty. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 46(3), 260-286.
- Belke, A., & Kronen, D. (2016). Exchange rate bands of inaction and play-hysteresis in Greek exports to the Euro Area, the US and Turkey: sectoral evidence. Empirica, 43(2), 349-390.
- Bragger, J. D., Bragger, D., Hantula, D. A., & Kirnan, J. (1998). Hyteresis and uncertainty: The effect of uncertainty on delays to exit decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 74(3), 229-253.
- Buğra, A. (2016). İktisatçılar ve insanlar. İletişim Yayınları.
- Campa, J. M. (2004). Exchange rates and trade: How important is hysteresis in trade?. European Economic Review, 48(3), 527-548.
- CBRT https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket Accessed: 16/02/2023
- Chavas, J. P. (1994). Production and investment decisions under sunk cost and temporal uncertainty. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 76(1), 114-127.
- Christophe, S. E. (1997). Hysteresis and the value of the US multinational corporation. The Journal of Business, 70(3), 435-462.
- Christopoulos, D. K., & León-Ledesma, M. A. (2010). Smooth breaks and non-linear mean reversion: Post-Bretton Woods real exchange rates. Journal of International Money and Finance, 29(6), 1076-1093.
- De Grauwe, P. (1988). Exchange rate variability and the slowdown in growth of international trade. Staff Papers, 35(1), 63-84.
- Delgado, F. A. (1991). Hysteresis, menu costs, and pricing with random exchange rates. Journal of Monetary Economics, 28(3), 461-484.
- Demsetz, H. (1982). Barriers to entry. The American economic review, 72(1), 47-57.
- Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica: journal of the Econometric Society, 1057-1072.
- Dixit, A. (1989a). Hysteresis, import penetration, and exchange rate pass-through. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 104(2), 205-228.
- Dixit, A. (1989b). Entry and exit decisions under uncertainty. Journal of political Economy, 97(3), 620-638.
- Dixit, A. (1991). Analytical approximations in models of hysteresis. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(1), 141-151.
- Dixit, A. (1992). Investment and hysteresis. Journal of economic perspectives, 6(1), 107-132.
- Dixit, A. K., Dixit, R. K., & Pindyck, R. S. (1994). Investment under uncertainty. Princeton university press.
- Dornbusch, R. (1976). Expectations and exchange rate dynamics. Journal of political Economy, 84(6), 1161-1176.
- Elsner, W. (2021). Collapse. Institutional decline and breakdown, its endogeneity and its asymmetry vis-á-vis emergence: A theoretical frame. Journal of Economic Issues, 55(1), 79-102.
- Farrell, J., & Klemperer, P. (2007). Coordination and lock-in: Competition with switching costs and network effects. Handbook of industrial organization, 3, 1967-2072.
- Gocke, M. (2001). A macroeconomic model with hysteresis in foreign trade. Metroeconomica, 52(4), 449-473.
- Göcke, M. (2002). Various concepts of hysteresis applied in economics. Journal of economic surveys, 16(2), 167-188.
- Kulatilaka, N., & Kogut, B. (1996). Direct investment, hysteresis, and real exchange rate volatility. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 10(1), 12-36.
- Ljungqvist, L. (1994). Hysteresis in international trade: a general equilibrium analysis. Journal of International Money and Finance, 13(4), 387-399.
- Máñez, J. A., Rochina-Barrachina, M. E., & Sanchis, J. A. (2008). Sunk costs hysteresis in Spanish manufacturing exports. Review of World Economics, 144, 272-294.
- McCausland, W. D. (2000). Exchange rate hysteresis from trade account interaction. The Manchester School, 68(1), 113-131.
- McCausland, W. D. (2002). Exchange Rate Hysteresis: The Effects of Overshooting and Short‐Termism. Economic Record, 78(240), 60-67.
- Miller, K. D., & Reuer, J. J. (1998). Asymmetric corporate exposures to foreign exchange rate changes. Strategic Management Journal, 19(12), 1183-1191.
- OECD https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=MEI_TRD# Accessed:16/02/2023
- Parsley, D. C., & Wei, S. J. (1994). Insignificant and Inconsequential Hysteresis: The Case of the US Bilateral Trade (No. w4738).
- Perron, P. (1989). The great crash, the oil price shock, and the unit root hypothesis. Econometrica: journal of the Econometric Society, 1361-1401.
- Rapach, D. (2001). Monetary Shocks and Real Exchange Rate Hysteresis: Evidence from the G‐7 Countries. Review of International Economics, 9(2), 356-371.
- ResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Dependence-of-the-hysteresis-loop-of-iron-or-steel-on-hardness-caused-by-the-addition_fig16_318487306 Researchgate.net Accessed:21/06/2021
- Rogers, J. H., & Jenkins, M. (1995). Haircuts or hysteresis? Sources of movements in real exchange rates. Journal of International Economics, 38(3-4), 339-360.
- Saatçioğlu, C., & Karaca, O. (2011). Döviz kuru belirsizliğinin ihracata etkisi: Türkiye örneği. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 5(2), 183-195.
- Schmitt-Grohé, S., Uribe, M., & Ramos, A. (2008). International macroeconomics. Durham: Duke University.
- Setterfield, M. (1993). A model of institutional hysteresis. Journal of Economic issues, 27(3), 755-774.
- Stock, J. H. (1994). Unit roots, structural breaks and trends. Handbook of econometrics, 4, 2739-2841.
- The Economist https://www.economist.com/news/2019/01/10/the-big-mac-index Accessed: 22/12/2023
- Thompson, F. (2020). On The Need For A Rule To Prevent Anti-Competitive Limit Pricing.
- Vergil, H., & Zengin, A. (2004). Ticaret Akımlarında Histerezis Etkileri: Türkiye Örneği.
- Zivot, E., & Andrews, D. W. K. (2002). Further evidence on the great crash, the oil-price shock, and the unit-root hypothesis. Journal of business & economic statistics, 20(1), 25-44.