Geleceğin Eğitimcilerinin Gözüyle Yapay Zekâ: Eğilimler ve Disipliner Farklılıklar

Öz

Bu çalışmada, eğitim fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğretmen adaylarının güncel bir sosyobilimsel konu olan yapay zekâya ilişkin zihinsel modellerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca, farklı bölümlerde öğrenim gören öğretmen adaylarının zihinsel modellerinin disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımla kıyaslanması hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında öğretmen adaylarına, yapay zekâ denildiğinde akıllarına ne geldiği sorulmuş ve onlardan zihinlerinde canlanan imgeleri kâğıt üzerine çizmeleri istenmiştir. Elde edilen görsel veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiş; analiz süreci, çizimlerde tekrarlanan göstergelerin kodlanması ve bu kodlardan temaların oluşturulması yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular, öğretmen adaylarının yapay zekâyı algısal olarak arka planda çalışan algoritmik bir yazılımdan ziyade; ağırlıklı olarak robot, bilgisayar ve çip gibi donanım tabanlı fiziksel unsurlarla somutlaştırdıklarını ve popüler kültür temsillerinin de izlerini taşıdığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, farklı disiplinlerdeki adayların algılarında belirgin farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir; fen ve matematik gibi temel alanlardaki adaylar ağırlıklı olarak teknik, mekanik ve biyolojik altyapıya odaklanırken, sosyal alanlardaki (beden eğitimi, okul öncesi) adayların yapay zekâyı işsizlik, ayrımcılık, korku ve bilinmezlik gibi psikolojik, etik ve sosyoekonomik bağlamlarla ilişkilendirdikleri belirlenmiştir. Geleceğin öğretmenleri olan öğretmen adaylarının sosyobilimsel konular hakkında gelişmiş anlayışlara sahip olmaları elzemdir. Öğretmen adaylarının yapay zekâ kavramını doğru anlamlandırması ve kavramsal yanılgılardan arınmış zihinsel modellere sahip olması, yapay zekânın eğitime getireceği fırsatlardan etkin biçimde yararlanılabilmesi adına kritik bir unsurdur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay zekâ
• Zihinsel modeller
• Sosyobilimsel konular
• Öğretmen adayları

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırma, TÜBİTAK 2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı kapsamında desteklenmiştir.

Etik Beyan

Etik Kurul Komisyon Adı: Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Kurulu Etik Kurul Belge Tarihi ve Protokol No: 14.6.2022/05

Teşekkür

Bu araştırmaya sağladıkları desteklerden dolayı TÜBİTAK'a, değerli zamanlarını ayıran öğretmen adaylarına ve görüşleriyle çalışmaya katkı sunan hakemlere teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

Artificial Intelligence through the Eyes of Future Educators: Inclinations and Disciplinary Differences

Öz

This study aims to examine the mental models of pre-service teachers studying in the faculty of education regarding artificial intelligence, which is a current socioscientific issue. The study also aims to compare the mental models of pre-service teachers from different departments through an interdisciplinary approach. The participants were asked what comes to mind when they hear the term “artificial intelligence” and were requested to draw the images that emerged in their minds on paper. The visual data obtained were analyzed using content analysis; the analysis was carried out by coding the recurring indicators in the drawings and deriving themes from these codes. The findings revealed that pre-service teachers mostly concretized artificial intelligence through hardware-based physical elements such as robots, computers, and chips, rather than background algorithmic software, and were heavily influenced by popular culture representations. Furthermore, notable differences were detected in the perceptions of candidates from different disciplines; while candidates in basic fields such as science and mathematics focused mainly on technical, mechanical, and biological infrastructure, those in social fields (such as physical education, and early childhood education) associated artificial intelligence with psychological, ethical, and socioeconomic contexts such as unemployment, discrimination, fear, and uncertainty. It is clear that future teachers must have a developed understanding of socioscientific issues. A good understanding and accurate mental representation of the concept of artificial intelligence, free from misconceptions, by pre-service teachers is a critical factor in effectively utilizing the advantages that artificial intelligence can offer in education.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Artificial intelligence
• Mental models
• Socioscientific issues
• Pre-service teachers

Destekleyen Kurum

This research was supported by TÜBİTAK under the 2209-A Research Project Support Programme for Undergraduate Students.

Etik Beyan

Ethics committee approval for this study was obtained from Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Institutional Review Board for Science and Engineering Research and Publication Ethics (Date: June 14, 2022, Protocol No: 05).

Teşekkür

The authors would like to express their gratitude to TÜBİTAK for their support, to the pre-service teachers for devoting their valuable time to this research, and to the reviewers for their insightful comments and contributions to the study.

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