Araştırma Makalesi

ECONOMETRIC MODEL SPECIFICATION AND D-SEPARATION: A MONTE CARLO EXPERIMENT

Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1 27 Aralık 2025
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ECONOMETRIC MODEL SPECIFICATION AND D-SEPARATION: A MONTE CARLO EXPERIMENT

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The purpose of this paper is to identify how Directed Acyclic Graphs perform in a commonly occurring setting in economics, namely the use of proxy variables. When estimating the coefficients that describe the relationships between variables in an economic model, theoretical foundations guide the selection of variables to include in the statistical framework. However, some important variables lack measurable scales. Variables such as education, intelligence, or price expectations are often key explanatory factors, but since they are not directly observable, researchers must choose between treating them as omitted variables or using proxy indicators like years of schooling, test scores, or expected future prices. The method of this research aims to compare the traditional use of proxy variables with the methodology based on Directed Acyclic Graphs. To highlight the distinctions between both approaches, using a Monte Carlo simulation. We were able to demonstrate in a Monte Carlo simulation that the proxy variable suggested by existing literature could be worse than the procedure suggested by Directed Acyclic Graphs, these findings are relevant for the specification of economic models. Our conclusions indicate that dealing with an unobservable variable requires careful consideration when introducing a proxy variable. While earlier studies recommend using a proxy to address the issue of missing variables, the Directed Acyclic Graphs method advises a thorough evaluation of the proxy's attributes beyond merely its strong correlation with the unobservable variable.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

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  3. Bollinger, C. R., & Minier J. (2015). On the robustness of coefficient estimates to the inclusion of proxy variables. Journal of Econometric Methods, 4(1), 101-122. https://doi.org/10.1515/jem-2012-0008
  4. de Luna, X., Fowler, P., & Johansson, P. (2017). Proxy variables and nonparametric identification of causal effects. Economics Letters, 150, 152-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2016.11.018
  5. Fé, E. (2012). Instrumental variable estimation of heteroskedasticity adaptive error component models. Statistical Papers, 53(3), 577-615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00362-011-0366-5
  6. Galvao, A. F., Montes-Rojas, G., & Song, S. (2017). Endogeneity bias modeling using observables. Economics Letters, 152, 41-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2016.12.021
  7. Gauger, J. (1989). The generated regressor correction: Impacts upon inferences in hypothesis testing. Journal of Macroeconomics, 11(3), 383-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0164-0704(89)90065-7
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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Politika ve Yönetim (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

27 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

24 Şubat 2025

Kabul Tarihi

11 Eylül 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Vera-sánchez, F. (2025). ECONOMETRIC MODEL SPECIFICATION AND D-SEPARATION: A MONTE CARLO EXPERIMENT. Economics Business and Organization Research, 7(1), 21-39. https://doi.org/10.66414/ebor.100346
AMA
1.Vera-sánchez F. ECONOMETRIC MODEL SPECIFICATION AND D-SEPARATION: A MONTE CARLO EXPERIMENT. Economics Business and Organization Research. 2025;7(1):21-39. doi:10.66414/ebor.100346
Chicago
Vera-sánchez, Fernando. 2025. “ECONOMETRIC MODEL SPECIFICATION AND D-SEPARATION: A MONTE CARLO EXPERIMENT”. Economics Business and Organization Research 7 (1): 21-39. https://doi.org/10.66414/ebor.100346.
EndNote
Vera-sánchez F (01 Aralık 2025) ECONOMETRIC MODEL SPECIFICATION AND D-SEPARATION: A MONTE CARLO EXPERIMENT. Economics Business and Organization Research 7 1 21–39.
IEEE
[1]F. Vera-sánchez, “ECONOMETRIC MODEL SPECIFICATION AND D-SEPARATION: A MONTE CARLO EXPERIMENT”, Economics Business and Organization Research, c. 7, sy 1, ss. 21–39, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.66414/ebor.100346.
ISNAD
Vera-sánchez, Fernando. “ECONOMETRIC MODEL SPECIFICATION AND D-SEPARATION: A MONTE CARLO EXPERIMENT”. Economics Business and Organization Research 7/1 (01 Aralık 2025): 21-39. https://doi.org/10.66414/ebor.100346.
JAMA
1.Vera-sánchez F. ECONOMETRIC MODEL SPECIFICATION AND D-SEPARATION: A MONTE CARLO EXPERIMENT. Economics Business and Organization Research. 2025;7:21–39.
MLA
Vera-sánchez, Fernando. “ECONOMETRIC MODEL SPECIFICATION AND D-SEPARATION: A MONTE CARLO EXPERIMENT”. Economics Business and Organization Research, c. 7, sy 1, Aralık 2025, ss. 21-39, doi:10.66414/ebor.100346.
Vancouver
1.Fernando Vera-sánchez. ECONOMETRIC MODEL SPECIFICATION AND D-SEPARATION: A MONTE CARLO EXPERIMENT. Economics Business and Organization Research. 01 Aralık 2025;7(1):21-39. doi:10.66414/ebor.100346