Araştırma Makalesi
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Avrupa Birliği’nin Akdeniz Ülkelerine Yönelik Gençlik İş birliği Şemaları: Bir Politika Uygulama Ağı Analizi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 81, 96 - 132, 20.03.2023

Öz

Tüm dünyada gençler, gittikçe artan sayıda ve çeşitte zorlukla başa çıkmak zorunda kalmaktadır. Gerek bu tür toplumsal sorunların çok boyutlu doğası, gerekse küresel karşılıklı bağımlılıklar, politika yapma ve uygulama süreçlerinde aktörlerin çeşitlenmesine ve uluslararası/uluslarüstü aktörlerin politika süreçlerine artan bir şekilde katılmasına sebep olmuştur. Avrupa Birliği de uluslarüstü niteliği ile sadece üyesi olan ülkelerde değil, aynı zamanda geliştirdiği çeşitli politikalar yoluyla kendi sınırları dışındaki çeşitli bölgelerde de etkili olan bir aktördür. Akdeniz ülkelerindeki gençlik ise bir politika hedef kitlesi olarak Avrupa Birliği’nin Akdeniz bölgesine yönelik önceliklerinin bir parçası olmuş, Avrupa Birliği 1990’ların sonlarından itibaren bu ülkelerdeki gençlik alanına yönelik iş birliği şemaları geliştirmiş ve uygulamıştır.

Bu makale, Avrupa Birliği’nin kendi sınırları dışında bir politika uygulama pratiği olarak Akdeniz ülkelerine yönelik geliştirilen dört gençlik iş birliği şemasını uygulama ağları kavramsal çerçevesi ışığında incelemektedir. Bu dört şemaya ilişkin muhtelif raporlar ile şemaların uygulama ağında yer alan aktörler ve Avrupa Komisyonu yetkilileri ile gerçekleştirilmiş dokuz yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme sonucunda elde edilen nitel veriler ışığında gerçekleştirilen analiz, uygulama aşamasında ulusal aktörlerle etkileşim ve şemalar içerisinde/arasında koordinasyon ve iş birliği düzeyi olmak üzere iki aracı değişken üzerinden gerçekleştirilmektedir. Makale, incelenen gençlik iş birliği şemalarının uygulanma pratiğinden hareketle Avrupa Birliği’nin kendi sınırları dışında gerçekleştirmiş olduğu politika uygulama süreçlerinin ulusal aktörlerin olumsuz etkilerine açık olduğunu, böylesi bir riskin uygulama ağlarının yönetimi kavramsallaştırması kapsamında AB tarafından yapılandırılmış eş güdüm ve iş birliği yöntemleriyle asgariye indirilebileceğini iddia etmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Avrupa Birliği 7. Çerçeve Programı kapsamında desteklenen SAHWA (Researching Arab Mediterranean Youth: Towards a new Social Contract) projesi ile Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi BAP projesi

Proje Numarası

613174 sayılı sözleşme ve BAP-08-11-2015-012 sayılı bilimsel araştırma projesi

Kaynakça

  • ALF (2020). Anna Lindh Foundation 15-Year Review 2005-2020, on the occasion of the 25th Anniversary of the EuroMediterranean Partnership. https://www.annalindhfoundation.org/sites/default/files/2020-11/ALF_full-final.pdf.
  • Bache, I. (2012). Multi-Level Governance in the European Union. D. Levi-Faur (ed) Oxford Handbook of Governance içinde, Oxford University Press.
  • Bauer, M. W. (2006). Co-managing programme implementation: conceptualizing the European Commission’s role in policy execution. Journal of European Public Policy, 13(5): 717-735.
  • Börzel, T. A., Pamuk, P., ve Stahn, A. (2008). Good governance in the EU. FU Berlin Working Paper on European Integration No. 7.
  • Börzel, T. A. (2002). States and Regions in the European Union: Institutional Adaptation in Germany and Spain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cerna, L. (2013). The Nature of Policy Change and Implementation: A Review of Different Theoretical Approaches, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD).
  • Cowles, M. G., Caporaso, J. ve Risse, T. (eds) (2001). Transforming Europe: Europeanization and Domestic Change. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • European Commission (2016). Evaluation of the European Commission - Council of Europe Youth Partnership Agreements 2007-2011/12, Final report, European Commission, Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture (DG EAC), conducted by Ecorys in Rotterdam, 6 November 2013.
  • Evaluation of Euro-Med Youth IV (2013). Identification of a regional programme under ENPI South 2013-2016 for youth and evaluation of on-going programme Euro-Med Youth IV, Final Report of the Evaluation of Euro-Med Youth IV, HTSPE Limited, Project No. 2012/ 298 514 - Version 1.
  • Mid-term Evaluation of the Euromed-Youth programme (2001). A final report to the European Commission-Directorate General AIDCO, ECOTEC Research and Consulting Limited, 24 August 2001, (MEI/B7-4100/1B/0418).
  • Mid-Term Evaluation, The Euro-Mediterranean Youth Programme 2001-2003 (2004). Final Report, European Consulting Organisation (ECO) and Roldan & Sorensen Consulting, December 2004, (MEI/B7-4100/IB/98/0418).
  • Featherstone, K. ve Radaelli C. M. (der.) (2003). The Politics of Europeanization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Göksel, A. ve Şenyuva, Ö. (2019). The Euro-Med Youth Programme and young people in the Arab Mediterranean countries: A reality check. E. Sánchez-Montijano and J. Sánchez García (der.) Youth at the Margins: Perspectives on Arab Mediterranean Youth içinde (s. 202-221), Routledge, Oxon and New York.
  • Hill, M. (1997). Implementation Theory: Yesterday’s Issue?. Policy and Politics, 25(4): 375-85.
  • Hill, M. ve Hupe, P. (2002). Implementing Public Policy: Governance in Theory and in Practice, Sage Publications: London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi.
  • Hooghe, L. ve Marks, G. (2001). Multi-Level Governance and European Integration, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Joachim, J., Reinalda, B. ve Verbeek, B. (2008). International organisations and implementation: Pieces of the puzzle. J. Joachim, B. Reinalda and B. Verbeek (der) International Organisations and Implementation: Enforcers, managers, authorities? içinde (s. 3-18), Routledge/ECPR.
  • Kapucu, N. ve Hu, Q. (2020). Network Governance: Concepts, Theories, and Applications, Routledge: New York and London.
  • Keast, R. ve Mandell, M.P. (2013). Network Performance: A Complex Interplay of Form and Action. International Review of Public Administration, 18(2): 27-45.
  • Kettl, D. F. (2000). Public administration at the millennium: The state of the field. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10(1): 7-34.
  • Klijn, E-H. (2008a). Governance and Governance Networks in Europe. Public Management Review, 10(4): 505-525.
  • Klijn, E-H. (2008b). Policy and Implementation Networks: Managing Complex Interactions. S. Cropper, C. Huxham, M. Ebers, and P. S. Ring (der.) The Oxford Handbook of Inter-Organizational Relations içinde (s. 118-146), Oxford Handbooks.
  • Klijn, E-H., Steijn, B. ve Edelenbos, J. (2010). The Impact of Network Management on Outcomes in Governance Networks. Public Administration, 88(4): 1063-1082.
  • Knill, C. ve Lehmkuhl, D. (1999). How Europe Matters: Different Mechanisms of Europeanisation. European Integration Online Papers (EIoP), 3(7).
  • Kohler-Koch, B. (2005). Network Governance within and beyond an enlarged European Union. A. Verdun ve Croci, O. (der.) The European Union in the wake of Eastern enlargement: Institutional and Policy Making Challanges içinde (s. 35-56), Manchester University Press: Manchester.
  • Lavenex, S. ve Schimmelfennig, F. (2009). EU rules beyond EU borders: Theorizing external governance in European politics. Journal of European Public Policy, 16(6): 791-812.
  • Matland, R. (1995). Synthesising the implementation literature: the ambiguity-conflict model of policy implementation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 5(2): 145-174.
  • Mazmanian, D. ve Sabatier, P. (1983). Implementation and Public Policy, Glenview: Scott, Foresman.
  • MacDonald, R. ve King, H. (2021). Looking South: What can Youth Studies in the Global North learn from research on youth and policy in the Middle East and North African countries?. Mediterranean Politics, 26(3): 285-307.
  • McGuire, M. ve Agranoff, R. (2011). The limitations of public management networks. Public Administration, 89(2), 265–284.
  • Murphy, E. ve Sika, N. (2021). Euro-Mediterranean partnership and youth policies in the MENA: why policy discourse travels but implementation doesn’t. Mediterranean Politics, 26(3): 393-406.
  • Net-Med Youth (2017). Networks of Mediterranean Youth: Flyer.
  • O’Toole, L. J. (2012). Interorganisational relations and Policy implementation. B. G. Peters and J. Pierre (der) The Sage Handbook of Public Administration içinde (s. 292-304), Sage Publications.
  • Pace, M. (2009). Paradoxes and contradictions in EU democracy promotion in the Mediterranean: the limits of EU normative power. Democratization, 16(1): 39-58.
  • Provan, K. G. ve Kenis, P. (2008). Modes of network governance: Structure, man¬agement, and effectiveness. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(2): 229-252.
  • Sabatier, P. A. (1986). Top-down and bottom-up approaches to implementation research: A critical analysis and suggested synthesis. Journal of Public Policy, 6: 21-48.
  • Sánchez Margalef, H. (2017). ENP and the Southern Mediterranean: Youth as the Key Element for Stability in North Africa. Heinrich Böll Stiftung, published May 17, 2016. https://eu.boell.org/en/2016/05/17/enp-and-southern-mediterranean-youth-key-element-stability-north-africa.
  • Schimmelfennig, F. ve Sedelmeier, U. (2004). Governance by conditionality: EU rule transfer to the candidate countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of European Public Policy, 11(4): 661-679.
  • Schimmelfennig, F. ve Sedelmeier, U. (der.) (2005). The Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe, Ithaca ve Londra: Cornell University Press.
  • UNESCO (2019). Evaluation of the Networks of Mediterranean Youth (NET-MED Youth) Project (2014-2018), UNESCO/IOS Evaluation Office.
  • Willems, P. ve De Lange, W. J. (2007). Concept of Technical Support to Science-policy Interfacing with Respect to the Implementation of the European Water Framework Directive. Environmental Science & Policy, 10: 464-73.
  • Youngs, R. (2009). Democracy promotion as external governance?. Journal of European Public Policy, 16(6): 895-915.
  • Youth Partnership (2019). 1998–2018, 20 years, EU-CoE youth partnership: Activities and products.
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 81, 96 - 132, 20.03.2023

Öz

Proje Numarası

613174 sayılı sözleşme ve BAP-08-11-2015-012 sayılı bilimsel araştırma projesi

Kaynakça

  • ALF (2020). Anna Lindh Foundation 15-Year Review 2005-2020, on the occasion of the 25th Anniversary of the EuroMediterranean Partnership. https://www.annalindhfoundation.org/sites/default/files/2020-11/ALF_full-final.pdf.
  • Bache, I. (2012). Multi-Level Governance in the European Union. D. Levi-Faur (ed) Oxford Handbook of Governance içinde, Oxford University Press.
  • Bauer, M. W. (2006). Co-managing programme implementation: conceptualizing the European Commission’s role in policy execution. Journal of European Public Policy, 13(5): 717-735.
  • Börzel, T. A., Pamuk, P., ve Stahn, A. (2008). Good governance in the EU. FU Berlin Working Paper on European Integration No. 7.
  • Börzel, T. A. (2002). States and Regions in the European Union: Institutional Adaptation in Germany and Spain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cerna, L. (2013). The Nature of Policy Change and Implementation: A Review of Different Theoretical Approaches, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD).
  • Cowles, M. G., Caporaso, J. ve Risse, T. (eds) (2001). Transforming Europe: Europeanization and Domestic Change. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • European Commission (2016). Evaluation of the European Commission - Council of Europe Youth Partnership Agreements 2007-2011/12, Final report, European Commission, Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture (DG EAC), conducted by Ecorys in Rotterdam, 6 November 2013.
  • Evaluation of Euro-Med Youth IV (2013). Identification of a regional programme under ENPI South 2013-2016 for youth and evaluation of on-going programme Euro-Med Youth IV, Final Report of the Evaluation of Euro-Med Youth IV, HTSPE Limited, Project No. 2012/ 298 514 - Version 1.
  • Mid-term Evaluation of the Euromed-Youth programme (2001). A final report to the European Commission-Directorate General AIDCO, ECOTEC Research and Consulting Limited, 24 August 2001, (MEI/B7-4100/1B/0418).
  • Mid-Term Evaluation, The Euro-Mediterranean Youth Programme 2001-2003 (2004). Final Report, European Consulting Organisation (ECO) and Roldan & Sorensen Consulting, December 2004, (MEI/B7-4100/IB/98/0418).
  • Featherstone, K. ve Radaelli C. M. (der.) (2003). The Politics of Europeanization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Göksel, A. ve Şenyuva, Ö. (2019). The Euro-Med Youth Programme and young people in the Arab Mediterranean countries: A reality check. E. Sánchez-Montijano and J. Sánchez García (der.) Youth at the Margins: Perspectives on Arab Mediterranean Youth içinde (s. 202-221), Routledge, Oxon and New York.
  • Hill, M. (1997). Implementation Theory: Yesterday’s Issue?. Policy and Politics, 25(4): 375-85.
  • Hill, M. ve Hupe, P. (2002). Implementing Public Policy: Governance in Theory and in Practice, Sage Publications: London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi.
  • Hooghe, L. ve Marks, G. (2001). Multi-Level Governance and European Integration, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Joachim, J., Reinalda, B. ve Verbeek, B. (2008). International organisations and implementation: Pieces of the puzzle. J. Joachim, B. Reinalda and B. Verbeek (der) International Organisations and Implementation: Enforcers, managers, authorities? içinde (s. 3-18), Routledge/ECPR.
  • Kapucu, N. ve Hu, Q. (2020). Network Governance: Concepts, Theories, and Applications, Routledge: New York and London.
  • Keast, R. ve Mandell, M.P. (2013). Network Performance: A Complex Interplay of Form and Action. International Review of Public Administration, 18(2): 27-45.
  • Kettl, D. F. (2000). Public administration at the millennium: The state of the field. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10(1): 7-34.
  • Klijn, E-H. (2008a). Governance and Governance Networks in Europe. Public Management Review, 10(4): 505-525.
  • Klijn, E-H. (2008b). Policy and Implementation Networks: Managing Complex Interactions. S. Cropper, C. Huxham, M. Ebers, and P. S. Ring (der.) The Oxford Handbook of Inter-Organizational Relations içinde (s. 118-146), Oxford Handbooks.
  • Klijn, E-H., Steijn, B. ve Edelenbos, J. (2010). The Impact of Network Management on Outcomes in Governance Networks. Public Administration, 88(4): 1063-1082.
  • Knill, C. ve Lehmkuhl, D. (1999). How Europe Matters: Different Mechanisms of Europeanisation. European Integration Online Papers (EIoP), 3(7).
  • Kohler-Koch, B. (2005). Network Governance within and beyond an enlarged European Union. A. Verdun ve Croci, O. (der.) The European Union in the wake of Eastern enlargement: Institutional and Policy Making Challanges içinde (s. 35-56), Manchester University Press: Manchester.
  • Lavenex, S. ve Schimmelfennig, F. (2009). EU rules beyond EU borders: Theorizing external governance in European politics. Journal of European Public Policy, 16(6): 791-812.
  • Matland, R. (1995). Synthesising the implementation literature: the ambiguity-conflict model of policy implementation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 5(2): 145-174.
  • Mazmanian, D. ve Sabatier, P. (1983). Implementation and Public Policy, Glenview: Scott, Foresman.
  • MacDonald, R. ve King, H. (2021). Looking South: What can Youth Studies in the Global North learn from research on youth and policy in the Middle East and North African countries?. Mediterranean Politics, 26(3): 285-307.
  • McGuire, M. ve Agranoff, R. (2011). The limitations of public management networks. Public Administration, 89(2), 265–284.
  • Murphy, E. ve Sika, N. (2021). Euro-Mediterranean partnership and youth policies in the MENA: why policy discourse travels but implementation doesn’t. Mediterranean Politics, 26(3): 393-406.
  • Net-Med Youth (2017). Networks of Mediterranean Youth: Flyer.
  • O’Toole, L. J. (2012). Interorganisational relations and Policy implementation. B. G. Peters and J. Pierre (der) The Sage Handbook of Public Administration içinde (s. 292-304), Sage Publications.
  • Pace, M. (2009). Paradoxes and contradictions in EU democracy promotion in the Mediterranean: the limits of EU normative power. Democratization, 16(1): 39-58.
  • Provan, K. G. ve Kenis, P. (2008). Modes of network governance: Structure, man¬agement, and effectiveness. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(2): 229-252.
  • Sabatier, P. A. (1986). Top-down and bottom-up approaches to implementation research: A critical analysis and suggested synthesis. Journal of Public Policy, 6: 21-48.
  • Sánchez Margalef, H. (2017). ENP and the Southern Mediterranean: Youth as the Key Element for Stability in North Africa. Heinrich Böll Stiftung, published May 17, 2016. https://eu.boell.org/en/2016/05/17/enp-and-southern-mediterranean-youth-key-element-stability-north-africa.
  • Schimmelfennig, F. ve Sedelmeier, U. (2004). Governance by conditionality: EU rule transfer to the candidate countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of European Public Policy, 11(4): 661-679.
  • Schimmelfennig, F. ve Sedelmeier, U. (der.) (2005). The Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe, Ithaca ve Londra: Cornell University Press.
  • UNESCO (2019). Evaluation of the Networks of Mediterranean Youth (NET-MED Youth) Project (2014-2018), UNESCO/IOS Evaluation Office.
  • Willems, P. ve De Lange, W. J. (2007). Concept of Technical Support to Science-policy Interfacing with Respect to the Implementation of the European Water Framework Directive. Environmental Science & Policy, 10: 464-73.
  • Youngs, R. (2009). Democracy promotion as external governance?. Journal of European Public Policy, 16(6): 895-915.
  • Youth Partnership (2019). 1998–2018, 20 years, EU-CoE youth partnership: Activities and products.
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 81, 96 - 132, 20.03.2023

Öz

Proje Numarası

613174 sayılı sözleşme ve BAP-08-11-2015-012 sayılı bilimsel araştırma projesi

Kaynakça

  • ALF (2020). Anna Lindh Foundation 15-Year Review 2005-2020, on the occasion of the 25th Anniversary of the EuroMediterranean Partnership. https://www.annalindhfoundation.org/sites/default/files/2020-11/ALF_full-final.pdf.
  • Bache, I. (2012). Multi-Level Governance in the European Union. D. Levi-Faur (ed) Oxford Handbook of Governance içinde, Oxford University Press.
  • Bauer, M. W. (2006). Co-managing programme implementation: conceptualizing the European Commission’s role in policy execution. Journal of European Public Policy, 13(5): 717-735.
  • Börzel, T. A., Pamuk, P., ve Stahn, A. (2008). Good governance in the EU. FU Berlin Working Paper on European Integration No. 7.
  • Börzel, T. A. (2002). States and Regions in the European Union: Institutional Adaptation in Germany and Spain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cerna, L. (2013). The Nature of Policy Change and Implementation: A Review of Different Theoretical Approaches, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD).
  • Cowles, M. G., Caporaso, J. ve Risse, T. (eds) (2001). Transforming Europe: Europeanization and Domestic Change. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • European Commission (2016). Evaluation of the European Commission - Council of Europe Youth Partnership Agreements 2007-2011/12, Final report, European Commission, Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture (DG EAC), conducted by Ecorys in Rotterdam, 6 November 2013.
  • Evaluation of Euro-Med Youth IV (2013). Identification of a regional programme under ENPI South 2013-2016 for youth and evaluation of on-going programme Euro-Med Youth IV, Final Report of the Evaluation of Euro-Med Youth IV, HTSPE Limited, Project No. 2012/ 298 514 - Version 1.
  • Mid-term Evaluation of the Euromed-Youth programme (2001). A final report to the European Commission-Directorate General AIDCO, ECOTEC Research and Consulting Limited, 24 August 2001, (MEI/B7-4100/1B/0418).
  • Mid-Term Evaluation, The Euro-Mediterranean Youth Programme 2001-2003 (2004). Final Report, European Consulting Organisation (ECO) and Roldan & Sorensen Consulting, December 2004, (MEI/B7-4100/IB/98/0418).
  • Featherstone, K. ve Radaelli C. M. (der.) (2003). The Politics of Europeanization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Göksel, A. ve Şenyuva, Ö. (2019). The Euro-Med Youth Programme and young people in the Arab Mediterranean countries: A reality check. E. Sánchez-Montijano and J. Sánchez García (der.) Youth at the Margins: Perspectives on Arab Mediterranean Youth içinde (s. 202-221), Routledge, Oxon and New York.
  • Hill, M. (1997). Implementation Theory: Yesterday’s Issue?. Policy and Politics, 25(4): 375-85.
  • Hill, M. ve Hupe, P. (2002). Implementing Public Policy: Governance in Theory and in Practice, Sage Publications: London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi.
  • Hooghe, L. ve Marks, G. (2001). Multi-Level Governance and European Integration, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Joachim, J., Reinalda, B. ve Verbeek, B. (2008). International organisations and implementation: Pieces of the puzzle. J. Joachim, B. Reinalda and B. Verbeek (der) International Organisations and Implementation: Enforcers, managers, authorities? içinde (s. 3-18), Routledge/ECPR.
  • Kapucu, N. ve Hu, Q. (2020). Network Governance: Concepts, Theories, and Applications, Routledge: New York and London.
  • Keast, R. ve Mandell, M.P. (2013). Network Performance: A Complex Interplay of Form and Action. International Review of Public Administration, 18(2): 27-45.
  • Kettl, D. F. (2000). Public administration at the millennium: The state of the field. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10(1): 7-34.
  • Klijn, E-H. (2008a). Governance and Governance Networks in Europe. Public Management Review, 10(4): 505-525.
  • Klijn, E-H. (2008b). Policy and Implementation Networks: Managing Complex Interactions. S. Cropper, C. Huxham, M. Ebers, and P. S. Ring (der.) The Oxford Handbook of Inter-Organizational Relations içinde (s. 118-146), Oxford Handbooks.
  • Klijn, E-H., Steijn, B. ve Edelenbos, J. (2010). The Impact of Network Management on Outcomes in Governance Networks. Public Administration, 88(4): 1063-1082.
  • Knill, C. ve Lehmkuhl, D. (1999). How Europe Matters: Different Mechanisms of Europeanisation. European Integration Online Papers (EIoP), 3(7).
  • Kohler-Koch, B. (2005). Network Governance within and beyond an enlarged European Union. A. Verdun ve Croci, O. (der.) The European Union in the wake of Eastern enlargement: Institutional and Policy Making Challanges içinde (s. 35-56), Manchester University Press: Manchester.
  • Lavenex, S. ve Schimmelfennig, F. (2009). EU rules beyond EU borders: Theorizing external governance in European politics. Journal of European Public Policy, 16(6): 791-812.
  • Matland, R. (1995). Synthesising the implementation literature: the ambiguity-conflict model of policy implementation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 5(2): 145-174.
  • Mazmanian, D. ve Sabatier, P. (1983). Implementation and Public Policy, Glenview: Scott, Foresman.
  • MacDonald, R. ve King, H. (2021). Looking South: What can Youth Studies in the Global North learn from research on youth and policy in the Middle East and North African countries?. Mediterranean Politics, 26(3): 285-307.
  • McGuire, M. ve Agranoff, R. (2011). The limitations of public management networks. Public Administration, 89(2), 265–284.
  • Murphy, E. ve Sika, N. (2021). Euro-Mediterranean partnership and youth policies in the MENA: why policy discourse travels but implementation doesn’t. Mediterranean Politics, 26(3): 393-406.
  • Net-Med Youth (2017). Networks of Mediterranean Youth: Flyer.
  • O’Toole, L. J. (2012). Interorganisational relations and Policy implementation. B. G. Peters and J. Pierre (der) The Sage Handbook of Public Administration içinde (s. 292-304), Sage Publications.
  • Pace, M. (2009). Paradoxes and contradictions in EU democracy promotion in the Mediterranean: the limits of EU normative power. Democratization, 16(1): 39-58.
  • Provan, K. G. ve Kenis, P. (2008). Modes of network governance: Structure, man¬agement, and effectiveness. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(2): 229-252.
  • Sabatier, P. A. (1986). Top-down and bottom-up approaches to implementation research: A critical analysis and suggested synthesis. Journal of Public Policy, 6: 21-48.
  • Sánchez Margalef, H. (2017). ENP and the Southern Mediterranean: Youth as the Key Element for Stability in North Africa. Heinrich Böll Stiftung, published May 17, 2016. https://eu.boell.org/en/2016/05/17/enp-and-southern-mediterranean-youth-key-element-stability-north-africa.
  • Schimmelfennig, F. ve Sedelmeier, U. (2004). Governance by conditionality: EU rule transfer to the candidate countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of European Public Policy, 11(4): 661-679.
  • Schimmelfennig, F. ve Sedelmeier, U. (der.) (2005). The Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe, Ithaca ve Londra: Cornell University Press.
  • UNESCO (2019). Evaluation of the Networks of Mediterranean Youth (NET-MED Youth) Project (2014-2018), UNESCO/IOS Evaluation Office.
  • Willems, P. ve De Lange, W. J. (2007). Concept of Technical Support to Science-policy Interfacing with Respect to the Implementation of the European Water Framework Directive. Environmental Science & Policy, 10: 464-73.
  • Youngs, R. (2009). Democracy promotion as external governance?. Journal of European Public Policy, 16(6): 895-915.
  • Youth Partnership (2019). 1998–2018, 20 years, EU-CoE youth partnership: Activities and products.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Bölgesel Çalışmalar
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Asuman Göksel 0000-0002-2016-7460

Proje Numarası 613174 sayılı sözleşme ve BAP-08-11-2015-012 sayılı bilimsel araştırma projesi
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 81

Kaynak Göster

APA Göksel, A. (2023). Avrupa Birliği’nin Akdeniz Ülkelerine Yönelik Gençlik İş birliği Şemaları: Bir Politika Uygulama Ağı Analizi. Eğitim Bilim Toplum, 21(81), 96-132.