Alzheimer Hastalığı Riskini Azaltmada MIND Diyetinin Rolü

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4, 1 - 13, 25.12.2025

Aleyna Artar

https://izlik.org/JA86PE84AM

Öz

Alzheimer hastalığı (AH), demansın önde gelen bir sebebi olup, nörodejeneratif bir bozukluk olarak bilişsel gerilemeye neden olmaktadır. AH'nın kesin tedavisi bulunmadığı için, koruyucu stratejiler ön plana çıkmaktadır. Beslenme alışkanlıkları bu stratejilerin temel unsurlarından biridir. Bu derlemede, özellikle MIND diyeti (“Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay”) ele alınmış ve AH riskini azaltmadaki potansiyel etkileri incelenmiştir. MIND diyeti, Akdeniz diyeti ve DASH diyetinin beyin sağlığı için önemli besin bileşenlerini birleştirerek yeşil yapraklı sebzeler, tam tahıllar, zeytinyağı gibi sağlıklı gıdaları ön plana çıkarırken, zararlı olarak kabul edilen gıdaları sınırlandırır. Yapılan çalışmalar, MIND diyetinin AH riskini azaltabileceğini, bilişsel gerilemeyi yavaşlatabileceğini ve genel bilişsel sağlığı destekleyebileceğini göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, AH’nın yükünü azaltmaya yönelik diyet tabanlı yaklaşımların önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

MIND diyeti , Alzheimer , Nörodejeneratif hastalıklar , beslenme , antioksidan

Kaynakça

• Afzal, M., Redha, A., & AlHasan, R. (2019). Anthocyanins Potentially Contribute to Defense against Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 24(23), 4255. doi:10.3390/molecules24234255
• Agarwal, P., Leurgans, S. E., Agrawal, S., Aggarwal, N. T., Cherian, L. J., James, B. D., . . . & Schneider, J. A. (2023). Association of Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay and Mediterranean Diets With Alzheimer Disease Pathology. Neurology, 100(22), 2259-2268. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000207176
• Ahmad, R., Chowdhury, K., Sinha, S., & Haque, M. (2026). Vitamin D and Brain Health. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1493, 51–67. doi:10.1007/978- 3-032-04357-3_5
• Alkhalifa, A. E., Al-Ghraiybah, N. F., & Kaddoumi, A. (2024). Extra-Virgin Olive Oil in Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Cellular, Animal, and Clinical Studies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(3). doi:10.3390/ijms25031914
• Bhuiyan, N. Z., Hasan, M. K., Mahmud, Z., Hossain, M. S., & Rahman, A. (2023). Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease through Diet: an exploratory review. Metabolism Open, 20, 100257. doi:10.1016/j.metop.2023.100257 Brasure, M., Desai, P., Davila, H., Nelson, V. A., Calvert, C., Jutkowitz, E., . . . & Hemmy, L. S. (2018). Physical Activity Interventions in Preventing Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer-Type Dementia: A Systematic Review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 168(1), 30-38. doi: 10.7326/M17-1528 Butler, M., McCreedy, E., Nelson, V. A., Desai, P., Ratner, E., Fink, H. A., . . . & Brasure, M. (2018). Does Cognitive Training Prevent Cognitive Decline? A Systematic Review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 168(1), 63-68. doi: 10.7326/M17-1531
• Chen, H., Dhana, K., Huang, Y., Huang, L., Tao, Y., Liu, X., . . . & Yuan, C. (2023). Association of the Mediterranean Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet With the Risk of Dementia. JAMA Psychiatry, 80(6), 630-638. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.0800
• Chen, S. J., Chen, H., You, J., Chen, S. D., Fu, Y., Zhang, W., … & Yu, J. T. (2025). Machine learning-assisted optimization of dietary intervention against dementia risk. Nature Human Behaviour, 9(11), 2313–2326. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02255-w
• Cremonini, A. L., Caffa, I., Cea, M., Nencioni, A., Odetti, P., & Monacelli, F. (2019). Nutrients in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2019(1), 9874159. doi:10.1155/2019/9874159
• Dhana, K., James, B. D., Agarwal, P., Aggarwal, N. T., Cherian, L. J., Leurgans, S. E., . . . & Schneider, J. A. (2021). MIND Diet, Common Brain Pathologies, and Cognition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 83(2), 683-692. doi:10.3233/jad-210107
• Di Battista, A. M., Heinsinger, N. M., & Rebeck, G. W. (2016). Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Risk Factor APOE-ε4 Also Affects Normal Brain Function. Current Alzheimer Research, 13(11), 1200-1207. doi:10.2174/1567205013666160401115127
• Guigoz, Y., Lauque, S., & Vellas, B. J. (2002). Identifying the Elderly at Risk for Malnutrition. The Mini Nutritional Assessment. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 18(4), 737–757. doi:10.1016/s0749-0690(02)00059-9
• Hippius, H., & Neundörfer, G. (2003). The Discovery of Alzheimer's Disease. Dialogues in Cinical Neuroscience, 5(1), 101-108. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2003.5.1/hhippius
• Hu, F. B. (2002). Dietary Pattern Analysis: A New Direction in Nutritional Epidemiology. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 13(1), 3-9. doi: 10.1097/00041433-200202000-00002
• Huang, X., Aihemaitijiang, S., Ye, C., Halimulati, M., Wang, R., & Zhang, Z. (2022). Development of the cMIND Diet and Its Association with Cognitive Impairment in Older Chinese People. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 26(8), 760–770. doi:10.1007/s12603-022-1829-1
• Hunt, T., Pontifex, M. G., & Vauzour, D. (2024). (Poly) phenols and Brain Health–Beyond Their Antioxidant Capacity. FEBS letters, 598(24), 2949–2962. doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.14988
• Ijinu, T. P., De Lellis, L. F., Shanmugarama, S., Pérez-Gregorio, R., Sasikumar, P., Ullah, H., … & Daglia, M. (2023). Anthocyanins as immunomodulatory dietary supplements: A nutraceutical perspective and micro-/nano-strategies for enhanced bioavailability. Nutrients, 15(19), 4152. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194152
• Kan, M. J., Lee, J. E., Wilson, J. G., Everhart, A. L., Brown, C. M., Hoofnagle, A. N., . . . & Colton, C. A. (2015). Arginine Deprivation and Immune Suppression in A Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(15), 5969-5982. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4668-14.2015
• Khan, S., Barve, K. H., & Kumar, M. S. (2020). Recent Advancements in Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Current Neuropharmacology, 18(11), 1106-1125. doi:10.2174/1570159x18666200528142429
• Khandayataray, P., & Murthy, M. K. (2024). Dietary Interventions in Mitigating the Impact of Environmental Pollutants on Alzheimer's Disease - A Review. Neuroscience, 563, 148– 166. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.020
• Kivipelto, M., Helkala, E. L., Laakso, M. P., Hänninen, T., Hallikainen, M., Alhainen, K., . . . & Soininen, H. (2002). Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele, elevated midlife total cholesterol level, and high midlife systolic blood pressure are independent risk factors for late-life Alzheimer disease. Annals of Internal Medicine, 137(3), 149-155. doi:10.7326/0003- 4819-137-3-200208060-00006
• Kojro, E., Gimpl, G., Lammich, S., Marz, W., & Fahrenholz, F. (2001). Low Cholesterol Stimulates the Nonamyloidogenic Pathway by Its Effect on The Alpha -Secretase ADAM 10. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(10), 5815-5820. doi:10.1073/pnas.081612998
• Krueger, K. R., Dhana, K., Aggarwal, N. T., Arfanakis, K., Carey, V. J., Sacks, F. M., & Barnes, L. L. (2022). Properties of the Cognitive Function Battery for the MIND Diet Intervention to Prevent Alzheimer's Disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 28(8), 790-797. doi:10.1017/s1355617721001089
• Levak, N., Lehtisalo, J., Thunborg, C., Westman, E., Andersen, P., Andrieu, S., ... & Kivipelto, M. (2024). Nutrition guidance within a multimodal intervention improves diet quality in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease: Multimodal Preventive Trial for Alzheimer’s Disease (MIND-ADmini). Alzheimer's Research & Therapy, 16(1), 147. doi:10.1186/s13195- 024-01522-8
• Liu, X., Morris, M. C., Dhana, K., Ventrelle, J., Johnson, K., Bishop, L., ... & Barnes, L. L. (2021). Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) study: Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of a randomized control trial of the MIND diet on cognitive decline. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 102, 106270. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2021.106270
• Liu, X., Yang, B., Liu, Q., Gao, M., & Luo, M. (2025). The Long-Term Neuroprotective Effect of MIND and Mediterranean Diet on Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 32725. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-17055-5
• Livingston, G., Huntley, J., Sommerlad, A., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., . . . & Cooper, C. (2020). Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care: 2020 Report of the Lancet Commission. The Lancet, 396(10248), 413-446. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6
• Lou, I.X., Ali, K., & Chen, Q. (2023). Effect of nutrition in Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17, 1147177. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1147177
• Morris, M. C., Evans, D. A., Bienias, J. L., Tangney, C. C., Bennett, D. A., Aggarwal, N., ... & Wilson, R. S. (2003). Dietary fats and the risk of incident Alzheimer disease. Archives of Neurology, 60(2), 194-200. doi:10.1001/archneur.60.2.194
• Morris, M. C., & Tangney, C. C. (2014). Dietary Fat Composition and Dementia Risk. Neurobiology of Aging, 35, S59-S64. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.038
• Morris, M. C., Tangney, C. C., Wang, Y., Sacks, F. M., Barnes, L. L., Bennett, D. A., & Aggarwal, N. T. (2015a). MIND Diet Slows Cognitive Decline with Aging. Alzheimers Dement, 11(9), 1015-1022. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.04.011 Morris, M. C., Tangney, C. C., Wang, Y., Sacks, F. M., Bennett, D. A., & Aggarwal, N. T. (2015b). MIND Diet Associated with Reduced Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimers Dement, 11(9), 1007-1014. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2014.11.009
• Morris, M. C., Wang, Y., Barnes, L. L., Bennett, D. A., Dawson-Hughes, B., & Booth, S. L. (2018). Nutrients and Bioactives in Green Leafy Vegetables and Cognitive Decline: Prospective Study. Neurology, 90(3), e214-e222. doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000004815
• Pan, C., Ni, H., Li, Z., Yang, K., Li, X., & Kakeya, H. (2025). Recent Advances in Bioactive Natural Products from Plant Fruits: Structures, Activities, and Future Prospects. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 80(4), 1-17. doi:10.1007/s11130-025-01414-8
• Pritam, P., Deka, R., Bhardwaj, A., Srivastava, R., Kumar, D., Jha, A. K., … & Jha, S. K. (2022). Antioxidants in Alzheimer's disease: Current therapeutic significance and future prospects. Biology, 11(2), 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11020212
• Rahimmi, A., Tozandehjani, S., Daraei, M., & Khademerfan, M. (2022). The Neuroprotective Roles of Dietary Micronutrients on Parkinson’s Disease: A Review. Molecular Biology Reports, 49(8), 8051-8060. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07345-w
• Ralph, S. J., & Espinet, A. J. (2018). Increased All-Cause Mortality by Antipsychotic Drugs: Updated Review and Meta-Analysis in Dementia and General Mental Health Care. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports, 2(1), 1-26. doi: 10.3233/ADR-170042
• Rao, R. V., Subramaniam, K. G., Gregory, J., Bredesen, A. L., Coward, C., Okada, S., . . . & Bredesen, D. E. (2023). Rationale for a Multi-Factorial Approach for the Reversal of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease and MCI: A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(2), 1659. doi: 10.3390/ijms24021659
• Reith, W. (2018). Neurodegenerative diseases. Radiologe, 58(3), 241–258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-018-0363-y
• Shi, H., Ge, X., Ma, X., Zheng, M., Cui, X., Pan, W., ... & Yu, Y. (2021). A fiber-deprived diet causes cognitive impairment and hippocampal microglia-mediated synaptic loss through the gut microbiota and metabolites. Microbiome, 9(1), 223. doi:10.1186/s40168-021- 01172-0
• Stefaniak, O., Dobrzyńska, M., Drzymała-Czyż, S., & Przysławski, J. (2022). Diet in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Research Requirements. Nutrients, 14(21). doi:10.3390/nu14214564
• Thomas, A., Lefèvre-Arbogast, S., Feart, C., Foubert-Samier, A., Helmer, C., Catheline, G., & Samieri, C. (2022). Association of a MIND diet with brain structure and dementia in a French population. The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, 9(4), 655-664. doi:10.14283/jpad.2022.67
• Tini, G., Scagliola, R., Monacelli, F., La Malfa, G., Porto, I., Brunelli, C., & Rosa, G. M. (2020). Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular disease: a particular association. Cardiology Research and Practice, 2020(1), 2617970. doi:10.1155/2020/2617970 Topçuoğlu, E. S., & Selekler, K. (1998). Alzheimer Hastalığı. Geriatri, 1(2), 63-67.
• Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2024). Türkiye sağlık araştırması 2022. Retrieved December 16, 2024, from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turkiye-Saglik-Arastirmasi-2022- 49747
• Zhang, R., Zhang, B., Shen, C., Sahakian, B. J., Li, Z., Zhang, W., ... & Cheng, W. (2024). Associations of dietary patterns with brain health from behavioral, neuroimaging, biochemical and genetic analyses. Nature Mental Health, 2(5), 535-552. doi:10.1038/s44220-024-00226-0
• Wang, S., Deng, K., Zhao, H., Wang, Y., Guo, P., Jin, H., & Qi, L. (2025). Analysis of the Association between Dietary Sodium Intake and Cognitive Function: A NHANES-Based Machine Learning Study and Animal Experimental Validation. Frontiers in Nutrition, 12, 1626651. doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1626651
• Wen, B., Han, X., Gong, J., Wang, P., Sun, W., Xu, C., … & Wei, C. (2025). Nutrition: A non- negligible factor in the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 21(2), 14547. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.14547
• Więckowska-Gacek, A., Mietelska-Porowska, A., Wydrych, M., & Wojda, U. (2021). Western Diet as a Trigger of Alzheimer’s Disease: From Metabolic Syndrome and Systemic Inflammation to Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Ageing Research Reviews, 70, 101397. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101397
• Wisniewski, T. (Ed.). (2019). Alzheimer’s disease. Singapore: Codon Publications. https://doi.org/10.15586/alzheimersdisease.2019
• World Health Organization. (2024). Dementia: Resolutions and decisions. Retrieved December 16, 2024, from https://www.who.int/health-topics/dementia#tab=tab_2