Kısa Süreli Konut Kiralamalarının Profesyonelleşmesi ve Etkileri: Muğla’da Airbnb Örneği

Öz

Küresel ölçekte turistlere kısa süreli konaklama imkânı sağlayan platformların en büyüğü olan Airbnb, tüm dünyada giderek daha fazla ticarileşmekte ve profesyonelleşmektedir. Bu durum, Airbnb platformu aracılığıyla gerçekleşen kısa süreli konut kiralamalarının etkilerinin daha fazla tartışılmasına ve dünyanın farklı şehirlerinde Airbnb karşıtı toplumsal hareketlere yol açmaktadır. Bu problemleri önlemek adına yönetimler hazırlanan düzenlemelerle önlemler almakta bazen de bu faaliyetleri tamamen yasaklayabilmektedir. Nitekim Türkiye’de de konuya ilişkin 2023 yılında yeni bir yasal düzenlemenin yayımlanması bu çabaların bir yansımasıdır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de nüfusuna oranla en fazla Airbnb ilanına sahip olan Muğla’da kısa süreli konut kiralama faaliyetlerinin profesyonelleşmesine ve etkilerine odaklanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Muğla’daki Airbnb ilanlarına ilişkin ikincil veriler analiz edilmiş ayrıca Airbnb ilan sahiplerinden, konaklama tesislerinden, yerel acentelerden ve yerel halktan oluşan toplam 35 kişiyle derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, Muğla’da Airbnb faaliyetlerinin giderek daha fazla profesyonel bir yapı kazandığını göstermiştir. Airbnb faaliyetlerinin ekonomik bir canlılık yaratması, özel konaklama tercihleri olan kitleler için bir alternatif sunması, pandemi döneminde bir ihtiyaca yanıt vermesi ve sosyal bağları kuvvetlendirmesi sistemin olumlu etkileri olarak görülürken, kiralık ve satılık konut fiyatlarını artırması ve barınma sorunlarını büyütmesi sistemin başlıca olumsuz etkileri olarak görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kısa Süreli Konut Kiralamaları
• Airbnb’nin Profesyonelleşmesi
• Airbnb’nin Etkileri
• Barınma Sorunu
• Muğla

Professionalisation and Impacts of Short-Term Rentals: The Case of Airbnb in Muğla

Öz

Airbnb, the largest of the platforms offering short-term accommodation to tourists on a global scale, is becoming increasingly commercialised and professionalised all over the world. This has led to further debates about the impact of short-term rentals and anti-Airbnb social movements in different cities worldwide. In order to mitigate the negative effects of Airbnb, governments are adopting legal regulations to control short-term rentals and may even choose to ban such activities altogether. Introducing new regulations on this topic in Türkiye in 2023 reflects these efforts. This study focuses on the professionalisation and impact of short-term rental activities in Muğla, which has the highest number of Airbnb listings relative to its population in Türkiye. In this context, secondary data on Airbnb listings in Muğla were analysed and in-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 35 people, including Airbnb hosts, accommodation facilities, local agencies and local residents. The findings show that Airbnb activities in Muğla are becoming increasingly professionalised. While the positive effects of Airbnb activities are seen as creating economic vitality, providing an accommodation alternative, meeting a need during the pandemic period and strengthening social ties, the main negative effects of the platform are seen as the increasing in rental and sale housing prices and increasing housing problems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Short-Term Rentals
• Professionalisation of Airbnb
• Impacts of Airbnb
• Housing Problem
• Muğla

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