Nörobilimsel Bakış Açısı: Erken Çocukluk Döneminde Çevrenin ve Öğretmenin Kritik Rolü

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 15 - 34, 29.12.2025

Dicle Akay

Öz

Bu inceleme çalışması, erken çocukluk döneminin nöroplastisite ve sinaptik bağlantı açısından neden kritik bir dönem olduğunu araştırmaktadır. Çalışmanın temel amacı, bilimsel bulguları eğitimciler ve ebeveynler için pratik rehberlere dönüştürmek ve beyin gelişimini desteklemek için öğretmen liderliğinde bir çerçeve önermektir. Nörobilim, gelişim psikolojisi ve eğitimden yararlanarak, çalışma erken yaşların artan plastisitesini vurgulamaktadır. Zengin duyusal, dilsel ve oyun temelli deneyimler sinaptogenezi teşvik ederken, yoksunluk sinaptik budamayı hızlandırır. Çok duyusal uyarım, duygusal olarak güvenli ortamlar ve oyun temelli öğrenme sağlayan öğretmenler, gelişimi önemli ölçüde artırabilir. İnceleme, sınıf tasarımı, bakım verenlerle etkileşim ve politika için uygulanabilir stratejilerle sona erer ve erken beyin gelişimine bütünsel bir yaklaşımı savunur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beyin , Beyin Gelişimi , Kritik Dönem , Erken Çocukluk Dönemi

A Neuroscience Perspective: The Pivotal Role of Environment and Teacher in Early Childhood Education

Öz

This review study explores why early childhood is a critical period for neuroplasticity and synaptic connectivity. Its main goal is to translate scientific findings into practical guidance for educators and parents, proposing a teacher-led framework to support brain development. Drawing on neuroscience, developmental psychology, and education, the study stresses the heightened plasticity of the early years. Rich sensory, linguistic, and play-based experiences promote synaptogenesis, while deprivation accelerates synaptic pruning. Teachers who provide multisensory stimulation, emotionally secure settings, and play-based learning can significantly enhance development. The review concludes with actionable strategies for classroom design, caregiver interaction, and policy, advocating a holistic approach to early brain development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Brain , Brain Development , Critical Period , Early Childhood Period

Kaynakça

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