Investigation of Wear Performance of Different Amounts ZrO2 Reinforced Al-2Gr Matrix Composite Materials Produced by Mechanical Alloying Method

Yıl 2019, , 594 - 605, 30.09.2019

İjlal Şimşek

https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.560741

Cited By: 2

Öz

In this study, wear
behavior of composite materials produced by adding different amounts of ZrO₂
to Al-2Gr matrix by mechanical alloying method was investigated. After adding
2% (vol.) graphite to the aluminum matrix, 4 different amounts (3%, 6%, 9%, and
12%) of ZrO₂ were added. The mechanically alloyed composite powders
for 60 minutes were cold-pressed under 700 MPa pressure and green parts were
produced. The green parts produced were sintered at 600 °C under argon for 120 minutes. The sintered ZrO₂ reinforced
aluminum composite materials (AMCs) are characterized by the scanning electron
microscope, X-ray diffraction, and hardness and density measurements. Wear
tests were performed on a standard pin-on-disc wear testing device with three
different loads (10-20-30 N) at a sliding speed of 0.6 ms^-1 and four
different sliding distances (53, 72 and 94 m) according to ASTM G77
standard. As a result of the studies, the microhardness and density increases
as the amount of ZrO₂ in the composite material increases. As a
result of the wear tests, the highest weight loss was obtained in the non-reinforced
Al-2Gr matrix alloy, while the lowest weight loss was obtained in 12% ZrO₂
reinforced composite materials. However, it was observed that there was a
decrease in the friction coefficient with increasing amount of reinforcement.

Mekanik Alaşımlama Yöntemi ile Üretilen Farklı Miktarlarda ZrO2 Takviyeli Al-2Gr Matrisli Kompozit Malzemelerin Aşınma Performanslarının İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada,
mekanik alaşımlama yöntemi ile Al-2Gr matrise farklı miktarlarda ZrO₂ ilave
edilerek üretilen kompozit malzemelerin farklı yükler altında aşınma
performansı incelenmiştir. Alüminyum matrise hacimce %2 grafit ilave edildikten
sonra, 4 farklı miktarda (%3, %6, %9 ve %12) ZrO₂ ilave edilmiştir.
60 dakika süre ile mekanik alaşımlanan kompozit tozlar, 700 MPa basınçla soğuk
preslenerek green kompaktlar üretilmiştir. Üretilen green kompaktlar 600 °C
sıcaklıkta 2 saat sinterlenmiştir. Sinterlenen ZrO₂ takviyeli
alüminyum kompozit malzemeler, taramalı elektron mikroskobu, X-ışın kırınımı,
sertlik ve yoğunluk ölçümü ile karakterize edilmiştir. Aşınma testleri standart
blok on ring aşınma test cihazında 3 farklı yük altında (5, 10 ve 20 N), 0,6 ms^-1
kayma hızı ve üç farklı (53, 72 ve 94 m) kayma mesafesi
kullanılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda, kompozit malzemelerin içerisinde
artan ZrO₂ miktarı ile sertlik ve yoğunlukları artmaktadır. Aşınma
testleri sonucunda, en yüksek ağırlık kaybı, takviyesiz Al-2Gr matris alaşımda
elde edilirken, en düşük ağırlık kaybı ise %12 ZrO₂ ilaveli kompozit
malzemelerde elde edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte artan takviye miktarı ile
sürtünme katsayısında ise azalma olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alüminyum matris kompozit, ZrO2, mekanik alaşımlama, aşınma

Kaynakça

• [1] Hassan, S.F., Gupta, M., Development of high strength magnesium based composites using elemental nickel particulates as reinforcement,bJournal of Materials Science, 2002, 37(12), 2467-2474.[2] Saravanan, R.A., Surappa, M.K., Fabrication and characterisation of pure magnesium-30 vol.% SiCP particle composite, Materials Science and Engineering, 2000, A, 276(1-2), 108-116.[3] Girish, K.B., Shobha, B.N., Synthesis and mechanical properties of zirconium nano-reinforced with aluminium alloy matrix composites, Materials Today Proceedings, 2018, 5(1), 3008-3013.[4] Gupta, M., Lai, M.O., Saravanaranganathan, D., Synthesis, microstructure and properties characterization of disintegrated melt deposited Mg/SiC composites, Journal of Materials Science, 2000, 35(9), 2155-2165. [5] Yamamoto, T., Sasamoto, H., Inagaki, M., Extrusion of Al based composites. Journal of Materials Science Letters, 2000, 19, 1053-1064.[6] Chawla, N., Shen, Y.L. Mechanical behavior of particle reinforced metal matrix composites. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2001, 3(6), 357-370.[7] Bagherzadeh, E.S., Dopita, M., Mütze, T., Peuker, U. A., Morphological and structural studies on Al reinforced by Al2O3 via mechanical alloying, Advanced Powder Technology, 2015, 26(2), 487-493.[8] Özyürek, D., Tekeli, S., Güral, A., Meyveci, A., Gürü, M., Effect of Al2O3 amount on microstructure and wear properties of Al-Al2O3 metal matrix composites prepared using mechanical alloying method, Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics, 2010, 49(5-6), 289-294.[9] Girisha, K.B., Chittappa, H.C., Wear performance and hardness property of A356. 1 Aluminium alloy reinforced with zirconium oxide nano particle, International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 2014, 3(6), 725-731. [10] Wannasin, J., Flemings, M.C., Fabrication of metal matrix composites by a high-pressure centrifugal infiltration process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2005, 169(2), 143-149.[11] Rajan, T.P.D., Pillai, R.M., Pai, B.C., Reinforcement coatings and interfaces in aluminium metal matrix composites, Journal of Materials Science, 1998, 33(14), 3491-3503.[12] Hesabi, Z.R., Simchi, A., Reihani, S.S., Structural evolution during mechanical milling of nanometric and micrometric Al2O3 reinforced Al matrix composites, Materials Science and Engineering, A, 2006, 428(1-2), 159-168.[13] Şimşek, İ., Şimşek, D., Özyürek, D., Production and characterization of Al-SiC composites prepared by mechanical milling and pressureless sintering, BEÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 2019, 8(1), 227-233.[14] Ay, H., Özyürek, D., Yıldırım, M., Bostan, B., The effects of B4C amount on hardness and wear behaviours of 7075-B4C composites produced by powder metallurgy method, Acta Physica Polonica, A, 2016, 129(4),565-568.[15] Arifin, A., Sulong, A.B., Muhamad, N., Syarif, J., Ramli, M.I., Material processing of hydroxyapatite and titanium alloy (HA/Ti) composite as implant materials using powder metallurgy a review, Materials & Design, 2014, 55, 165-175.[16] Park, S., Vohs, J.M., Gorte, R. J., Direct oxidation of hydrocarbons in a solid-oxide fuel cell, Nature, 2000, 404(6775), 265.[17] Li, Y., He, D., Cheng, Z., Su, C., Li, J., Zhu, Q., Effect of calcium salts on isosynthesis over ZrO2 catalysts, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2001, 175(1-2), 267-275.[18] Zhang, Q., Shen, J., Wang, J., Wu, G., Chen, L., Sol-gel derived ZrO2-SiO2 highly reflective coatings, International Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2000, 2(4), 319-323.[19] Piconi, C., Maccauro, G., Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial, Biomaterials, 1999, 20(1), 1-25.[20] Rahaman, M.N., Gross, J.R., Dutton, R.E., Wang, H., Phase stability, sintering, and thermal conductivity of plasma-sprayed ZrO2-Gd2O3 compositions for potential thermal barrier coating applications, Acta Materialia, 2006, 54(6), 1615-1621.[21] Gao, P., Meng, L.J., Dos Santos, M.P., Teixeira, V., Andritschky, M., Study of ZrO2-Y2O3 films prepared by rf magnetron reactive sputtering, Thin Solid Films, 2000, 377, 32-36.[22] Ames, W., Alpas, A.T., Wear mechanisms in hybrid composites of graphite-20 Pct SiC in A356 aluminum alloy (Al-7 Pct Si-0.3 Pct Mg), Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 1995, 26(1), 85-98. [23] Kestursatya, M., Kim, J.K., Rohatgi, P.K., Wear performance of copper-graphite composite and a leaded copper alloy, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2003, 339(1-2), 150-158.[24] Yang, J. B., Lin, C.B., Wang, T.C., Chu, H.Y., The tribological characteristics of A356, 2Al alloy/Gr (p) composites, Wear, 2004, 257(9-10), 941-952.[25] Baradeswaran, A., Perumal, A.E., Wear and mechanical characteristics of Al 7075/graphite composites, Composites Part B: Engineering, 2014, 56, 472-476.[26] Chu, H.S., Liu, K.S., Yeh, J.W., Damping behavior of in situ Al-(graphite, Al4C3) composites produced by reciprocating extrusion, Journal of Materials Research, 2001, 16(5), 1372-1380.[27] Ramachandra, M., Abhishek, A., Siddeshwar, P., Bharathi, V., Hardness and wear resistance of ZrO2 nano particle reinforced Al nanocomposites produced by powder metallurgy, Procedia Materials Science, 2015, 10, 212-219.[28] Baghchesara, M.A., Baharvandi, H.R., Abdizadeh, H, Investigation on mechanical properties and surfaces fracture of Al/ZrO2 composite, In International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering (Vol. 6423, p. 642368). International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2008, January. [29] Mandal, A., Das, K., Das, S., Characterization of microstructure and properties of Al-Al3Zr-Al2O3 composite, Bulletin of Materials Science, 2016, 39(4), 913-924.[30] Arik, H., Production and characterization of in situ Al4C3 reinforced aluminum-based composite produced by mechanical alloying technique, Materials & Design, 2004, 25(1), 31-40[31] Alpas, A.T., Zhang, J., Effect of SiC particulate reinforcement on the dry sliding wear of aluminium-silicon alloys (A356), Wear, 1992, 155(1), 83-104.[32] Özyürek, D., Kalyon, A., Yıldırım, M., Tuncay, T., Ciftci, I., Experimental investigation and prediction of wear properties of Al/SiC metal matrix composites produced by thixomoulding method using artificial neural networks, Materials & Design, 2014, 63, 270-277.[33] Ghandvar, H., Farahany, S., Idris, M. H., Daroonparvar, M., Dry sliding wear behavior of A356-ZrO2 metal matrix composite, In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 1125, pp. 116-120). Trans Tech Publications, 2015.[34] Dursun, Ö., Tansel, T., Hatice, E., İbrahim, Ç., Synthesis, characterization and dry sliding wear behavior of in-situ formed TiAl3 precipitate reinforced A356 alloy produced by mechanical alloying method, Materials Research, 2015, 18(4), 813-820.[35] Ravindran, P., Manisekar, K., Kumar, S.V., Rathika, P, Investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum hybrid nano-composites with the additions of solid lubricant, Materials & Design, 2013, 51, 448-456.[36] Omrani, E., Moghadam, A.D., Menezes, P.L., Rohatgi, P.K., Influences of graphite reinforcement on the tribological properties of self-lubricating aluminum matrix composites for green tribology, sustainability, and energy efficiency-a review, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2016, 83(1-4), 325-346.