Araştırma Makalesi

RF Blocks for Biomedical Engineering

Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2 31 Mayıs 2021
PDF İndir
TR EN

RF Blocks for Biomedical Engineering

Öz

Radio Frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA), power oscillator (PO), mixer and their test circuit simulation results were presented for biomedical engineering applications. Novel efficient Class-E type RF PA was designed, and schematic circuit was simulated. RF circuit blocks were designed and implemented at the 130 nanometer (nm) standard CMOS RF technology. Schematic test circuit simulations were tested with antenna connection which includes two wire bonding inductances and antenna inner resistance. According to the circuit simulation results, no extra mismatch tuning circuit was needed between PA, PO, and mixer output and antenna input stages. For demonstration purposes, 33 GHz extremely high frequency (EHF) band PA input voltage was applied at 300 mV peak-to-peak (pp) voltage level. Technology standard 1V RF n-channel Metal-Oxide-Silicon (MOS) transistor was used as Class-E type active transistor switch. For PA circuit simulation, test results show that proposed circuit runs better than traditional Class-E type RF PAs. 70% power amplifier efficiency (PAE) for -8.5 dBm power input at 33 GHz RF input frequency for 40 harmonics and 15 steps in the harmonic shoot balance mode was achieved. The whole circuit blocks were designed and implemented for the biomedical engineering which was specifically requested for the glucose detection system. Novel Radio Frequency (RF) power oscillator (PO) circuit was designed, and simulation results were also presented. PO circuit concept is extremely useful since it is using single nMOS transistor as the switch element between input and output. It is also eliminating the usage of oscillator circuit for transmitter side of RF circuits. Oscillator circuits have been usually implemented by using negative resistance harmonic cross coupled LC-tank voltage-controlled oscillator (LCVCO) circuit structure with n-channel and p-channel standard CMOS technology transistors. Eliminating the traditionally used LCVCO circuit at transmitter (Tx) side is important especially for indoor wireless telecommunication, and biomedical engineering systems, since worth amount of power dissipation is eliminated by using this method. For implementation of PO, Class-E type RF PA was modified which was demonstrated in PA circuit realization step. Its responsibilities are both generating oscillation signal and amplify its power to the antenna load. For this purpose, RF PO was also designed and implemented at the same 130 nm standard CMOS RF technology. Main supply voltage vdd and bias voltage vbias1 was set to 600 mV. Totally 8.94-milliwatt (mW) average root-mean-square (rms) power and 14.9 milliampere (mA) rms current were delivered from power sources at 35.6 GHz RF power oscillation frequency. This is the first study, which generates millimeter wave (mmWave) extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30-300 GHz) RF power oscillation with single transistor. In the final step of whole circuit realization of glucose detection structure, novel RF mixer circuit which runs in EHF band mmWave frequency is demonstrated. This mixer circuit is completely new design and presented here first in the world. Instead of using supply voltage to feed voltage and current of new concept single transistor mixer circuit, PO which has been introduced in previous step was adopted. PO is supplying both supply voltage and current, beside it is also bringing baseband oscillation signal. By this method, both power supply and baseband oscillator signal were brought. This methodology is also eliminating the commonly used harmonic cross-coupled negative resistance feedback CMOS LCVCO circuit. On the other hand, instead of using complicated Gilbert Mixer architecture, the novel single transistor circuit design concept was used. The single transistor mixer circuit resembles the use of low-noise amplifier (LNA) which has only one n-channel MOS transistor. According to the proposed mixer circuit design schematic, second harmonic extraction of envelope signal was retrieved. 130 nm standard CMOS technology was also used. 35.6 GHz frequency PO signal and 34 GHz RF test signal were mixed, and 3.12 GHz 2nd harmonic envelope was extracted. This work has not only one, instead many novel designs concepts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. (1) F. H. Raab, “Idealized Operation of the Class E Tuned Power Amplifier,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, vol. CAS-24, no. 12, pp. 725-735, Dec. 1977.
  2. (2) N. O. Sokal, A. D. Sokal, “Class-E-new class of high-efficiency tuned single-ended switching power amplifiers,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC10, no. 3, pp. 168-176, 1975.
  3. (3) N. O. Sokal, F. H. Raab, “Harmonic output of class-E RF power amplifiers and load coupling network design,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.
  4. (4) B. Molnar, “Basic limitations on waveforms achievable in single-ended switching-mode tuned (Class E) power amplifiers,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 144-146, 1984.
  5. (5) M. Kazimierczuk, “Class E tuned power amplifier with shunt inductor,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 2-7, 1981.
  6. (6) T. Sowlati, C. Salama, J. Sitch, G. Rabjohn, and D. Smith, “Low-voltage high-efficiency GaAs class-E power amplifier for wireless transmitters,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 32, pp. 544–550, Apr. 1997.
  7. (7) K. C. Tsai and P. R. Gray, “A 1.9-GHz 1-W CMOS class-E power amplifier for wireless communications,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 34, pp. 962–970, July 1999.
  8. (8) J. Ebert and M. Kazimierczuk, “Class E High-Efficiency Tuned Power Oscillator,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-16, no. 2, Apr. 1981.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Mühendislik

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Mayıs 2021

Gönderilme Tarihi

6 Şubat 2021

Kabul Tarihi

28 Nisan 2021

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Kazanci, H. (2021). RF Blocks for Biomedical Engineering. El-Cezeri, 8(2), 782-792. https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.875641
AMA
1.Kazanci H. RF Blocks for Biomedical Engineering. ECJSE. 2021;8(2):782-792. doi:10.31202/ecjse.875641
Chicago
Kazanci, Huseyin. 2021. “RF Blocks for Biomedical Engineering”. El-Cezeri 8 (2): 782-92. https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.875641.
EndNote
Kazanci H (01 Mayıs 2021) RF Blocks for Biomedical Engineering. El-Cezeri 8 2 782–792.
IEEE
[1]H. Kazanci, “RF Blocks for Biomedical Engineering”, ECJSE, c. 8, sy 2, ss. 782–792, May. 2021, doi: 10.31202/ecjse.875641.
ISNAD
Kazanci, Huseyin. “RF Blocks for Biomedical Engineering”. El-Cezeri 8/2 (01 Mayıs 2021): 782-792. https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.875641.
JAMA
1.Kazanci H. RF Blocks for Biomedical Engineering. ECJSE. 2021;8:782–792.
MLA
Kazanci, Huseyin. “RF Blocks for Biomedical Engineering”. El-Cezeri, c. 8, sy 2, Mayıs 2021, ss. 782-9, doi:10.31202/ecjse.875641.
Vancouver
1.Huseyin Kazanci. RF Blocks for Biomedical Engineering. ECJSE. 01 Mayıs 2021;8(2):782-9. doi:10.31202/ecjse.875641

Cited By