Elektrikli Araçlar İçin GMSM Sürücülerinde Akım Başına Maksimum Tork Stratejisi

Öz

Kalıcı mıknatıslı senkron motorlar (KMSM), mıknatısları rotor yüzeyinde bulunan çeşidi ile bilinir ve yüzey mıknatıslı senkron motorlar (YMSM) olarak adlandırılan bu motor çeşidi rotor yüzeyinde bulunan mıknatıslardan dolayı tork üretirler. Tork eşitliklerinde sadece q eksen akımının ve sabit mıknatıslardaki akı değerinin olmasından dolayı d eksen akımı 0 değerinde tutularak tork maksimize edilir ve kontrolü sağlanır ki bu kontrol tekniğine I_d = 0 kontrol tekniği denir. Fakat gömülü mıknatıslı senkron motorlarda (GMSM) rotorlarındaki çıkıntıdan kaynaklanan endüktans farkından dolayı relüktans tork üretilir ve relüktans torkunun doğru bir şekilde kontrol edilmesiyle motor verimi yükselmektedir. Bu sebeple GMSM’lerde tork kontrolünün verimli şekilde gerçekleştirilebilmesi için akım başına maksimum tork (ABMT) stratejisi uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada GMSM’lerde tork kontrolünün konvansiyonel olarak kullanılan I_d = 0 kontrol tekniği yerine ABMT stratejisi ile simülasyonu gerçekleştirilerek verim değerleri arasındaki fark gözlenmiştir. Baz hızın altındaki hız değerlerinde tork kontrolünün verimli bir şekilde gerçekleştirildiği simülasyon sonuçları ile doğrulanmıştır. Simülasyonlar sonucunda elektrikli araç uygulamalarında kullanılan GMSM'lerin sürücülerinde konvansiyonel vektör kontrol tekniği yerine ABMT stratejisinin kullanılması sistemin verimini artırmakta ve bataryayı daha verimli kullanarak daha uzun menzil kapasitesi sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ABMT
• GMSM
• Tork Kontrolü

Maximum Torque per Ampere Strategy in IPM Drives for Electric Vehicles

Öz

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are known for their type whose magnets are located on the rotor surface and this motor type, which is called surface mounted magnet synchronous motors (SPM), generates torque due to the magnets mounted on the rotor. Based on torque equations, since there is only q axis current and value of magnetic flux linkage, the d axis current is kept at 0 and the torque is maximized and controlled, which is called I_d = 0 control technique. However, reluctance torque is generated in interior mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPM) due to the inductance difference caused by the saliency in the rotors and by controlling the reluctance torque correctly, the efficiency of motor increases. For this reason, maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) strategy is applied in order to perform torque control efficiently in IPMs. In this study, the difference between the efficiency values was observed by simulating torque control in IPMs with the MTPA strategy instead of the conventionally used I_d = 0 control technique. As a result of the simulations, using the MTPA strategy instead of the conventional vector control technique in the drivers of the IPMs used in electric vehicle applications increases the efficiency of the system and extends drive range capacity by using the battery more efficiently.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• IPM
• MTPA
• Torque Control

Kaynakça

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