Kalgojenit Camlar

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 428 - 457, 30.09.2019

Bekir Karasu , Tuğçegül İdinak Eda Erkol Ali Ozan Yanar

https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.547060

Öz

Teknolojik olarak çok önemli malzemeler arasında yer alan kalkojenit camlar, ana bileşen olarak en az bir kalkojen element içeren, kullanımları kızıl–ötesi (İnfra–red, IR) optik uygulamalardan faz değişimi, optik–elektriksel veri kaydına kadar değişmektedir. Optik spektrumun kızılötesi bölgesinde şeffaflık sergileyen gözlüklere olan ilgi 20. yüzyılın ortalarına denk gelmektedir. İlk olarak, ağır metal oksitler araştırılmış ve saydamlık sınırı 3–5 μm'den (klasik oksit camları) 7–8 μm dalga boyuna kadar uzatılmıştır. 20. yüzyılda, kızıl–ötesi optiklerin yaygın kullanımı, yeni IR malzemelerine ihtiyaç duyulmasına ve IR şeffaflık sınırının 8 μm'nin üzerine çıkmasına yol açmış ve bilim insanları periyodik cetvelin altıncı grubundaki S, Se ve Te’ün kimyasal bileşimlerini denemişlerdir. Oksit camlara kıyasla, daha düşük mekanik mukavemet ve ısıl kararlılığa sahip kalorimetrik camlar yarı iletken özellikleriyle yeni bir cam grubunu oluşturmaktadırlar. Bu makalede, geçmişleri 1950'lerin başlarına kadar uzanan kalgojenit camların tanımı, tarihsel gelişimi, yapısı, özellikleri ve potansiyel uygulamalarına yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kalgojenit cam, Tarihçe, Özellik, Uygulama

Chalcogenide Glasses

Öz

Chalcogenide glasses, which are among the technologically very important materials, contain at least one chalcogen element as a major constituent and their utilization ranges from infrared optics applications to phase–change, optical–electrical data–recording. The interest to spectacle glasses exhibiting transparency in the infrared region of the optical spectrum coincides with the mid–twentieth century. Firstly, heavy metal oxides were investigated and the transparency limit was extended from 3–5 μm (classical oxide glasses) to 7–8 μm wavelength. The widespread usage of infra–red (IR) optics in the 20^th century has led to the need for new IR materials and to increase the IR transparency limit over 8 μm and scientists have tried chemical compositions of S, Se and Te in the 6^th group of the periodic table. Compared to oxide glasses, their mechanical strength and thermal stability are considerably lower and the calorimetric glasses form a new glass group with semiconductor properties. In this article, a brief overview of the definition, historical development, structure, properties and potential applications of chalcogenide glasses dating back to the early 1950s.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chalcogenide glass, History, Property, Application

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