Petrol Kıskacında Ortadoğu: Libya Sivil Savaş Örneği

Yıl 2018, , 37 - 55, 30.06.2018

Arzu Al , Nur Aslan

https://doi.org/10.35342/econder.415371

Öz

Bu çalışma 2011 uluslararasılaşmış Libya sivil savaşının ve
Kaddafi rejiminin çöküşünün nedenlerini açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Buna karşın,
bu çalışmanın öncelikli amacı, sivil savaş ve uluslararası müdahalenin
açıklanmasında ihmal edilmiş iki teori olan rantar devlet teorisi ve kaynak
laneti teorisinin yararlılığını değerlendirmektir.

Rantar devlet teorisi doğal kaynakların kontrolünün ve
dağıtımının devlet gücü açısından önemli olduğunu savunur; ama rantar devletler
özellikle uluslararası ekonomik değişimlerle yüz yüze geldiğinde uzun süreçte
kırılgan ve kalıplaşmış özellikler sergilemektedir. Kaynak laneti teorisi,
kaynak zengini ülkelerin devlet içinde bulunan zengin kaynakları yüzünden
kaçınılmaz şekilde zayıfladığını savunur. Bu zengin kaynaklar, üzerlerinde
kontrol elde edebilmek amacı taşıyan iç ve dış mücadeleler oluşturmaktadır.

Detaylandırılarak ve kritik edilerek bu iki teori dünyadaki petrol
zengini ülkelerden biri olan Libya üzerine uygulanacaktır. 1969’dan beri
Kaddafi yönetiminde ki uzun ve kalıcı rejimin çökmesi kaynak laneti teorisi ile
açıklanabilir mi? Kaddafi rejimi nasıl ve niye çöktü? Libya’nın deneyimleriyle
şekillenen iç ve dış dinamikler test edilerek bu soruların olası cevapları
irdelenecektir.

DİKKAT!

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Anahtar Kelimeler

Rantar Devlet, Petrol Laneti, Sivil Savaş, Libya

Middle East in Oil Clamp: The Case of Libyan Civil War

Öz

This reserach seeks to explain the cauases of the 2011
internationalised Libyan çivil war and the collapse of the Qadhafi regime. But
its primary purpose is to evaluate the usefulness of two neglected sets of theory,
namely rentier state theory and resource curse theory, in the explanation of
çivil war and international intervention.

Rentier state theory holds that control and distribution of
natural resources revenues is crucial for state power, but that rentier states
are fragile and inflexible in the long run, particularly in the face of
intenational economic changes. Resource curse theory holds that resource-rich
states can be fatally undermined by the very resource wealth found in a state,
as it generates internal (and external) competition for its control.

Having elaborated and criticized these two theories, they
are applied to the case of Libya, one of the oil wealthiest state in the world.
Can the collapse of one of the longest enduring regimes in the world- the
Qadhafi regime from 1969- be explained by resource curse theory? Why and how
did Qadhafi’s rentier state collapse? These questions are addressed through
testing the internal and external dimensions that shapes the experience of the
Libyan state.

 My text was checked by me as Econder's format (template) Şablon' and  Mizanpaj'.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rentier State, Resource Curse, Civil War, Libya

Kaynakça

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