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Turkmenistan`s Energy Exportation Deals With Iran

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 69 - 80, 30.06.2021

Öz

Iran was one of the first countries, who recognized the sovereignty of Turkmenistan, after its independence, which was the good omen for the subsequent developments. Since then, they have recorded cordial relations. However, it does not mean the relations were free of disputes. This study takes those disputes in the energy sector as an independent variable, Turkmenistan–Iran relations as a dependent variable and seeks to explain whether it had any effects on other spheres of relations between the two countries and on the pattern of relations overall, taking into account the latest developments in this sphere. After a discussion of the energy relations and those problems emanating from it, the study will discuss its effects and how it is used to be handled up to date. The findings of the research will be discussed in the conclusion part. Contrary to the expectations, the effects of the variable actually negative.

Kaynakça

  • Bruegel (2015), “Iran: a new natural gas supplier for Europe?”, Accessed on 18 December 2016, URL: http://bruegel.org/2015/10/iran-a-new-natural-gas-supplier-for-europe/
  • Turkmenistan.ru (2005), “Saparmurat Niyazow inaugurates gas compressors station at Korpeje natural gas field”, Accessed on 28 November 2016, URL: http://www.turkmenistan.ru/?page_id=3&lang_id=en&elem_id=7108&type=event&sort=date_desc
  • RadioFreeEurope (2000), “Turkmenistan: Ashgabat Backs Tehran in Caspian Dispute”, Accessed on 15 October 2016, URL: http://www.rferl.org/a/1095234.html
  • Trend News Agency (2009), “Turkmen gas pipeline to Iran constructed”, Accessed on 28 November 2016, URL: http://en.trend.az/business/energy/1578667.html
  • Turkmenistan.ru (2010), “Presidents of Turkmenistan and Iran inaugurate new gas pipeline Sarahs-Sangbast”, Accessed on 10 March 2016, URL: http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/articles/14371.html
  • Azernews (2015), “Iran`s oil, gas, power transit proposal for Turkmenistan”, Accessed on 24 November 2016, URL: http://www.azernews.az/region/79048.html
  • Djalili, M. R and Kellner, T (2009), Yeni Orta Asya Jeopolitigi, Uzmen Resat, Istanbul: Bilge Kultur Sanat Yayin Dagitim, p.221
  • Azernews (2015), “Iran`s oil, gas, power transit proposal for Turkmenistan”, Accessed on 24 November 2016, URL: http://www.azernews.az/region/79048.html
  • Newsbase (2016), “Iran Pursues Oil, Gas Swaps with former Soviet Republics”, Accessed on 24 November 2016, URL: http://newsbase.com/topstories/iran-pursues-oil-gas-swaps-former-soviet-republics
  • Azernews (2015), “Iran`s oil, gas, power transit proposal for Turkmenistan”, Accessed on 24 November 2016, URL: http://www.azernews.az/region/79048.html
  • Trend News Agency (2015), “Turkmen oil Transportation via BTC Increases”, Accessed on 4 November 2016, URL: http://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/business/2424933.html
  • Financial Tribune (2017), “Neka Port Resumes Oil Swap After Seven Years”, Accessed on 19 October 2019, URL: https://financialtribune.com/articles/energy/70265/neka-port-resumes-oil-swap-after-seven-years
  • Xinhuanet (2018), “Iran, Turkmenistan resume gas swap operation”, Accessed on 19 October 2019, URL: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-04/09/c_137096216.htm
  • Peyrouse, Sebastien (2012), Turkmenistan: Strategies of Power, Dilemmas of Development, New York: M.E Sharpe , Inc, p. 206
  • Trend News Agency (2015), “Turkmenistan to increase electricity export”, Accessed on 12 November 2016, URL: http://en.trend.az/business/economy/2421125.html
  • Yorite Habarcymyz (2018), Elektrik Togy- Nur Akymy, Diyar, 10: 1-2
  • P, Stobdan, (2014), Central Asia: Democracy, Instability and Strategic Game in Kyrgyzstan, New Delhi: Pentagon Press, pp-131
  • Altyn Asyr TV channel, (2019), “Watan Habarlar Gullygy”, 04.04.2019
  • Real Iran (2016), Nowruz enters UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage, Accessed on 7 November 2019, URL: http://realiran.org/nowruz-enters-unesco-list-of-intangible-cultural-heritage/
  • Berdimuhamedow, G (2010), To New Heights of Progress Selected Works 1, Ashgabat, Turkmen State Publıshıng Servıce. pp-88
  • Yazberdiyew, Almaz (2019), “Doganlyk ýurtlaryň bilelikdäki neşir işleri”, Accessed on 12 August 2020, URL: https://www.atavatan-turkmenistan.com/teswirler/doganlyk-urtlaryn-bilelikdki-nesir-isleri/
  • Wikipedia (2017), “Iran at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games”, Accessed on 25 November 2019, URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_at_the_2017_Asian_Indoor_and_Martial_Arts_Games
  • Berdimuhamedow, G (2015), Turkmenistanyn Bitaraplygy Parahatcylygyn we Osusin Syyasaty, Asgabat, Türkmen Döwlet Neşıryat gullugy. pp-319
  • Berdimuhamedow, G (2010), To New Heights of Progress Selected Works 1, Ashgabat, Turkmen State Publıshıng Servıce. pp-233
  • Caspian News (2019), “Iran-Turkmenistan Trade Turnover Surpasses $300 M”, Accessed on 11 January 2020, URL: https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/iran-turkmenistan-trade-turnover-surpasses-300-m-2019-1-29-
  • The Diplomat (2018), “What is Iran’s Interest in Maintaining Relations With Turkmenistan?”, Acccessed on 21 January 2020, URL: https://thediplomat.com/2018/03/what-is-irans-interest-in-maintaining-relations-with-turkmenistan/
  • Xinhuanet (2018), Iran, Turkmenistan resume gas swap operation, Accessed on 19 October 2019, URL: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-04/09/c_137096216.htm
  • Caspian News (2019), “Iran-Turkmenistan Trade Turnover Surpasses $300 M”, Accessed on 11 January 2020, URL: https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/iran-turkmenistan-trade-turnover-surpasses-300-m-2019-1-29-
  • Gulamov, J (2020), “The International Court of Arbitration has made a decision on the gas dispute between Iran and Turkmenistan”, Accessed on 5 July 2020, URL: https://orient.tm/en/the-international-court-of-arbitration-has-made-a-decision-on-the-gas-dispute-between-iran-and-turkmenistan/
  • Amanov, N (2020), “International Court of Arbitration rules Iran pay around $2 billion to Turkmenistan for earlier delivered gas”, Accessed on 10 July, 2020. URL: https://orient.tm/en/international-court-of-arbitration-rules-iran-pay-around-2-billion-to-turkmenistan-for-earlier-delivered-gas/

Türkmenistan'ın İran'la Enerji İhracatı Anlaşmaları

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 69 - 80, 30.06.2021

Öz

İran, bağımsızlığından sonra Türkmenistan'ın egemenliğini tanıyan ilk ülkelerden biriydi ve sonraki gelişmeler için iyi bir adımdı. O zamandan beri samimi ilişkiler kaydettiler. Ancak bu, ilişkilerin ihtilafsız olduğu anlamına gelmemektedir. Aynı modele sahip birkaç anlaşmazlık olmuştur. Bu tartışmalar neredeyse enerji ilişkileriyle sınırlıydı. Bu çalışma, enerji sektöründeki tartışmaları bağımsız bir değişken olarak ve Türkmenistan-İran ilişkilerini bağımlı değişken olarak ele almakta ve iki ülke arasındaki ilişkilerin diğer alanları ve genel olarak ilişkilerin örüntüsü üzerinde herhangi bir etkisinin olup olmadığını açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Bu alandaki son gelişmeleri açıklamaktadır. Enerji ilişkilerinin ve ondan kaynaklanan sorunların tartışılmasından sonra, çalışma etkilerini ve güncel olarak nasıl ele alınacağını tartışılacaktır. Araştırmanın bulguları sonuç bölümünde verilmiştir. Beklentilerin aksine, değişkenin etkileri aslında olumsuzdur.

Kaynakça

  • Bruegel (2015), “Iran: a new natural gas supplier for Europe?”, Accessed on 18 December 2016, URL: http://bruegel.org/2015/10/iran-a-new-natural-gas-supplier-for-europe/
  • Turkmenistan.ru (2005), “Saparmurat Niyazow inaugurates gas compressors station at Korpeje natural gas field”, Accessed on 28 November 2016, URL: http://www.turkmenistan.ru/?page_id=3&lang_id=en&elem_id=7108&type=event&sort=date_desc
  • RadioFreeEurope (2000), “Turkmenistan: Ashgabat Backs Tehran in Caspian Dispute”, Accessed on 15 October 2016, URL: http://www.rferl.org/a/1095234.html
  • Trend News Agency (2009), “Turkmen gas pipeline to Iran constructed”, Accessed on 28 November 2016, URL: http://en.trend.az/business/energy/1578667.html
  • Turkmenistan.ru (2010), “Presidents of Turkmenistan and Iran inaugurate new gas pipeline Sarahs-Sangbast”, Accessed on 10 March 2016, URL: http://www.turkmenistan.ru/en/articles/14371.html
  • Azernews (2015), “Iran`s oil, gas, power transit proposal for Turkmenistan”, Accessed on 24 November 2016, URL: http://www.azernews.az/region/79048.html
  • Djalili, M. R and Kellner, T (2009), Yeni Orta Asya Jeopolitigi, Uzmen Resat, Istanbul: Bilge Kultur Sanat Yayin Dagitim, p.221
  • Azernews (2015), “Iran`s oil, gas, power transit proposal for Turkmenistan”, Accessed on 24 November 2016, URL: http://www.azernews.az/region/79048.html
  • Newsbase (2016), “Iran Pursues Oil, Gas Swaps with former Soviet Republics”, Accessed on 24 November 2016, URL: http://newsbase.com/topstories/iran-pursues-oil-gas-swaps-former-soviet-republics
  • Azernews (2015), “Iran`s oil, gas, power transit proposal for Turkmenistan”, Accessed on 24 November 2016, URL: http://www.azernews.az/region/79048.html
  • Trend News Agency (2015), “Turkmen oil Transportation via BTC Increases”, Accessed on 4 November 2016, URL: http://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/business/2424933.html
  • Financial Tribune (2017), “Neka Port Resumes Oil Swap After Seven Years”, Accessed on 19 October 2019, URL: https://financialtribune.com/articles/energy/70265/neka-port-resumes-oil-swap-after-seven-years
  • Xinhuanet (2018), “Iran, Turkmenistan resume gas swap operation”, Accessed on 19 October 2019, URL: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-04/09/c_137096216.htm
  • Peyrouse, Sebastien (2012), Turkmenistan: Strategies of Power, Dilemmas of Development, New York: M.E Sharpe , Inc, p. 206
  • Trend News Agency (2015), “Turkmenistan to increase electricity export”, Accessed on 12 November 2016, URL: http://en.trend.az/business/economy/2421125.html
  • Yorite Habarcymyz (2018), Elektrik Togy- Nur Akymy, Diyar, 10: 1-2
  • P, Stobdan, (2014), Central Asia: Democracy, Instability and Strategic Game in Kyrgyzstan, New Delhi: Pentagon Press, pp-131
  • Altyn Asyr TV channel, (2019), “Watan Habarlar Gullygy”, 04.04.2019
  • Real Iran (2016), Nowruz enters UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage, Accessed on 7 November 2019, URL: http://realiran.org/nowruz-enters-unesco-list-of-intangible-cultural-heritage/
  • Berdimuhamedow, G (2010), To New Heights of Progress Selected Works 1, Ashgabat, Turkmen State Publıshıng Servıce. pp-88
  • Yazberdiyew, Almaz (2019), “Doganlyk ýurtlaryň bilelikdäki neşir işleri”, Accessed on 12 August 2020, URL: https://www.atavatan-turkmenistan.com/teswirler/doganlyk-urtlaryn-bilelikdki-nesir-isleri/
  • Wikipedia (2017), “Iran at the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games”, Accessed on 25 November 2019, URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_at_the_2017_Asian_Indoor_and_Martial_Arts_Games
  • Berdimuhamedow, G (2015), Turkmenistanyn Bitaraplygy Parahatcylygyn we Osusin Syyasaty, Asgabat, Türkmen Döwlet Neşıryat gullugy. pp-319
  • Berdimuhamedow, G (2010), To New Heights of Progress Selected Works 1, Ashgabat, Turkmen State Publıshıng Servıce. pp-233
  • Caspian News (2019), “Iran-Turkmenistan Trade Turnover Surpasses $300 M”, Accessed on 11 January 2020, URL: https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/iran-turkmenistan-trade-turnover-surpasses-300-m-2019-1-29-
  • The Diplomat (2018), “What is Iran’s Interest in Maintaining Relations With Turkmenistan?”, Acccessed on 21 January 2020, URL: https://thediplomat.com/2018/03/what-is-irans-interest-in-maintaining-relations-with-turkmenistan/
  • Xinhuanet (2018), Iran, Turkmenistan resume gas swap operation, Accessed on 19 October 2019, URL: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-04/09/c_137096216.htm
  • Caspian News (2019), “Iran-Turkmenistan Trade Turnover Surpasses $300 M”, Accessed on 11 January 2020, URL: https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/iran-turkmenistan-trade-turnover-surpasses-300-m-2019-1-29-
  • Gulamov, J (2020), “The International Court of Arbitration has made a decision on the gas dispute between Iran and Turkmenistan”, Accessed on 5 July 2020, URL: https://orient.tm/en/the-international-court-of-arbitration-has-made-a-decision-on-the-gas-dispute-between-iran-and-turkmenistan/
  • Amanov, N (2020), “International Court of Arbitration rules Iran pay around $2 billion to Turkmenistan for earlier delivered gas”, Accessed on 10 July, 2020. URL: https://orient.tm/en/international-court-of-arbitration-rules-iran-pay-around-2-billion-to-turkmenistan-for-earlier-delivered-gas/
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Amanberdi Begjanov 0000-0002-2813-9253

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Begjanov, A. (2021). Turkmenistan`s Energy Exportation Deals With Iran. Econder Uluslararası Akademik Dergi, 5(1), 69-80.

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