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Perception of Boredom in Young Learners’ English Language Classes

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 196 - 217, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.58650/educatione.1331880

Öz

This study aims to reveal the boredom perceptions in a Turkish public school providing intensive English classes for the 5th grade. From the perspectives of both students and teachers, the study examines whether young English as a foreign language (EFL) learners get bored in the classroom, the causes and signs of their boredom in addition to the perceived solutions to reduce their boredom perceptions. In accordance with these objectives, six 5th grade students and four English teachers took part in semi-structured interviews. As a result of the analysis of the findings, it was discovered that boredom is a common phenomenon for the students, and it is generally associated with certain causes such as grammar instruction. Additionally, it was found that boredom manifests itself by typical behaviors such as doodling. Finally, some solutions such as more active involvement of the students into the lessons by means of engaging activities were offered by the participants to minimize boredom. Some practical recommendations are presented at the end of the study in line with the findings and the relevant literature.

Kaynakça

  • Ali El Deen, A. M. M. (2023). Students’ boredom in English language classes: Voices from Saudi Arabia. Frontiers in Psychology, 14:1108372. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1108372
  • Andrade, J. (2010). What does doodling do? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24(1), 100-106. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1561
  • Avşar, Y., & Gönüllü, M. T. (2000). A map preparation for outdoor noises of educational buildings in Fatih District of Istanbul. International Symposium on Noise Control & Acoustics for Educational Buildings, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul/Turkey. 69-76.
  • Barabadi, E., Brauer, K., Proyer, R. T., & Tabar, M. R. (2023). Examining the role of gelotophobia for willingness to communicate and second language achievement using self- and teacher ratings. Current Psychology, 42, 5095-5109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01846-w
  • Begnaud, D., Coenraad, M., Jain, N., Patel, D., & Bonsignore, E. (2020). “It’s just too much”: exploring children’s views of boredom”, IDC ‘20: Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Interaction Deisgn and Children.
  • Brown, H. (2007). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy. Pearson Education.
  • Cameron, L. (2001). Teaching languages to young learners. Cambridge University Press.
  • Cheng, L. (2023). Delving into the role of mindfulness on the relationship among creativity, anxiety, and boredom of young EFL learners. Heliyon, 9(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13733
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Flow and the foundations of positive psychology, The collected works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Springer.
  • Daniels, L. M., Tze, M. C., & Goetz, T. (2015). Examining boredom: Different causes for different coping profiles. Learning and Individual Differences, 37, 255-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2014.11.004
  • Daschmann, E. C. (2013). Boredom in school from the perspectives of students, teachers, and parents. PhD diss., University of Konstanz. https://d-nb.info/1037311957/34
  • Daschmann, E. C., Goetz, T., & Stupnisky, R. H. (2011). Testing the predictors of boredom at schools: Development and validation of the precursors to boredom scales. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 421-440. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709910X526038
  • Davies, J., & Fortney, M. (2012). The menton theory of boredom and engagement. In P. Langley (Ed.) First Annual Conference on Cognitive Systems. Palo Alto, California, 131-143.
  • Derakhshan, A., Kruk, M., Mehdizadeh, M., & Pawlak, M. (2021). Boredom in online classes in the Iranian EFL context: Sources and solutions. System, 101, 102556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102556
  • D’Mello, S., & Graesser, A. (2009). Automatic detection of learner’s affect from gross body language. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 23(2), 123-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839510802631745 Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics: Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methodologies. Oxford University Press.
  • Dumančić, D. (2018). Investigating boredom among EFL teachers. ExELL (Explorations in English Language and Linguistics), 6(1), 57-80. https://doi.org/10.2478/exell-2019-0006
  • Eastwood J. D., Frischen A., Fenske M. J., & Smilek D. (2012). The unengaged mind: Defining boredom in terms of attention. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(5), 482-495. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612456044
  • Efklides, A., & Volet, S., Eds. (2005). Feelings and emotions in the learning process (Special Issue). Learning and Instruction, 15, 377-515.
  • Elpidorou, A. (2014). The bright side of boredom. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01245
  • Eryılmaz, A., & Ergünay, O. (2018). Development of flow state scale in English as a foreign language context. European Journal of Education Studies, 4(11), 143-154. https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejes/article/view/1831
  • Gasper, K., & Middlewood, B. L. (2014). Approaching novel thoughts: Understanding why elation and boredom promote associative thought more than distress and relaxation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 52, 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2013.12.007
  • Goetz, T., & Hall, N. C. (2014). Academic boredom. In International handbook of emotions in education (pp. 311-330). Routledge/ Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Han, T., Öksüz, A., Şarman, G., & Nacar, A. M. (2020). Flow experiences of tertiary level Turkish EFL students in online language classes during COVID-19 outbreak. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 49(1), 1059-1078. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.787835
  • Harris, M. B. (2000). Correlates and characteristics of boredom proneness and boredom. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(3), 576-598. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02497.x
  • Huang, L. (2023). Comparing the deductive method and inductive method of grammar teaching for Chinese senior high school students. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 8, 229-237. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4254
  • Jean, G., & Simard, J. (2011). Grammar teaching and learning in L2: Necessary, but boring? Foreign Languages Annals, 44(3), 467-494. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2011.01143.x
  • Khalaf, S., Kilani, H., Razo, M. B., & Grigorenko E. L. (2022). Bored, distracted, and confused: Emotions that promote creativity and learning in a 28-month-old child using an iPad. Journal of Intelligence, 10: 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence10040118
  • Kökçam, B., & Satan, A. (2022). Coping strategies with boredom in class: Scale development and validation. Research on Education and Psychology, 6(2), 207-227. https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1202021
  • Kruk, M. (2021). Investigating the experience of boredom during reading sessions in the foreign language classroom. Journal of Language and Education, 7(3), 89-103. https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2021.12339
  • Kruk, M., Pawlak, M., Elahi Shirvan, M., & Shahnama, M. (2022). The emergence of boredom in an online language class: An ecological perspective. System, 107, 102803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2022.102803
  • Kruk, M., & Zawodniak, J. (2017). Boredom in practical English language classes. Neofilolog, 49(1), 115-131. https://doi.org/10.14746/n.2017.49.1.07
  • Kruk, M., & Zawodniak, J. (2018). Boredom in practical English language classes: Insights from interview data. In L. Szymański, J. Zawodniak, A. Łobodziec, & M. Smoluk (Eds.), Interdisciplinary views on the English language, literature and culture (pp. 177- 191). Uniwersytet Zielonogórski.
  • Larsen-Freeman, D. (2000). Techniques and principles in language teaching (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Larson, R. W., & Richards, M. H. (1991). Boredom in the middle school years: Blaming schools versus blaming students. American Journal of Education, 99, 418-433. https://doi.org/10.1086/443992
  • Loewen, S., Li, S., Fei, F., Thompson, A., Nakatsukasa, K., Ahn, S., & Chen, X. (2009). Second language learners’ beliefs about grammar instruction and error correction. The Modern Language Journal, 93(1), 91-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2009.00830.x
  • Lohrmann, K. (2008). Langeweile im Unterricht. Waxmann.
  • Macklem, G. L. (2015). The academic emotion of boredom: The elephant in the classroom. In Boredom in the classroom, 1-10. Springer.
  • Manea, V. I., Macavei, T., & Pribeanu, C. (2020). Stress, frustration, boredom, and fatigue in online engineering education during the pandemic. International Journal of User-System Interaction, 13(4), 199-214.
  • McKay, P. (2006). Assessing young language learners. CUP, Cambridge.
  • Mehrabian, A., & Friedman, S. L. (1986). An analysis of fidgeting and associated individual differences. Journal of Personality, 54(2), 406-429. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00402.x
  • Merrifield, C., & Danckert, J. (2014). Characterizing the psychophysiological signature of boredom. Experimental Brain Research, 232(2), 481-491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-013-3755-2
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage Publications.
  • MoNE. (2017). Retrieved from https://tegm.meb.gov.tr/www/ortaokul-5-siniflarda-yabanci-dil-agirlikli-egitim-uygulamasi/icerik/471
  • Moran, J. (2003). Benjamin and boredom. Critical Quarterly, 45(1/2), 168-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8705.00483
  • Mousavian Rad, S. E., Roohani, A., & Mirzaei, A. (2022). Developing and validating precursors of students’ boredom in EFL classes: An exploratory sequential mixed-methods study. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2022.2082448
  • Nakamura, S., Darasawang, P., & Reinders, H. (2021). The antecedents of boredom in L2 classroom learning. System, 98, 102469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102469
  • Nett, U. E., Daschmann, E. C., Goetz, T., & Stupnisky, R. (2016). How accurately can parents judge their children’s boredom in school? Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 770. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00770
  • Nett, U. E., Goetz, T., & Daniels, L. M. (2010). What to do when feeling bored? Students' strategies for coping with boredom. Learning and Individual Differences, 20(6), 626-638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2010.09.004
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Perception of Boredom in Young Learners’ English Language Classes

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 196 - 217, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.58650/educatione.1331880

Öz

This study aims to reveal the boredom perceptions in a Turkish public school providing intensive English classes for the 5th grade. From the perspectives of both students and teachers, the study examines whether young English as a foreign language (EFL) learners get bored in the classroom, the causes and signs of their boredom in addition to the perceived solutions to reduce their boredom perceptions. In accordance with these objectives, six 5th grade students and four English teachers took part in semi-structured interviews. As a result of the analysis of the findings, it was discovered that boredom is a common phenomenon for the students, and it is generally associated with certain causes such as grammar instruction. Additionally, it was found that boredom manifests itself by typical behaviors such as doodling. Finally, some solutions such as more active involvement of the students into the lessons by means of engaging activities were offered by the participants to minimize boredom. Some practical recommendations are presented at the end of the study in line with the findings and the relevant literature.

Kaynakça

  • Ali El Deen, A. M. M. (2023). Students’ boredom in English language classes: Voices from Saudi Arabia. Frontiers in Psychology, 14:1108372. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1108372
  • Andrade, J. (2010). What does doodling do? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24(1), 100-106. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1561
  • Avşar, Y., & Gönüllü, M. T. (2000). A map preparation for outdoor noises of educational buildings in Fatih District of Istanbul. International Symposium on Noise Control & Acoustics for Educational Buildings, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul/Turkey. 69-76.
  • Barabadi, E., Brauer, K., Proyer, R. T., & Tabar, M. R. (2023). Examining the role of gelotophobia for willingness to communicate and second language achievement using self- and teacher ratings. Current Psychology, 42, 5095-5109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01846-w
  • Begnaud, D., Coenraad, M., Jain, N., Patel, D., & Bonsignore, E. (2020). “It’s just too much”: exploring children’s views of boredom”, IDC ‘20: Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Interaction Deisgn and Children.
  • Brown, H. (2007). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy. Pearson Education.
  • Cameron, L. (2001). Teaching languages to young learners. Cambridge University Press.
  • Cheng, L. (2023). Delving into the role of mindfulness on the relationship among creativity, anxiety, and boredom of young EFL learners. Heliyon, 9(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13733
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Flow and the foundations of positive psychology, The collected works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Springer.
  • Daniels, L. M., Tze, M. C., & Goetz, T. (2015). Examining boredom: Different causes for different coping profiles. Learning and Individual Differences, 37, 255-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2014.11.004
  • Daschmann, E. C. (2013). Boredom in school from the perspectives of students, teachers, and parents. PhD diss., University of Konstanz. https://d-nb.info/1037311957/34
  • Daschmann, E. C., Goetz, T., & Stupnisky, R. H. (2011). Testing the predictors of boredom at schools: Development and validation of the precursors to boredom scales. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 421-440. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709910X526038
  • Davies, J., & Fortney, M. (2012). The menton theory of boredom and engagement. In P. Langley (Ed.) First Annual Conference on Cognitive Systems. Palo Alto, California, 131-143.
  • Derakhshan, A., Kruk, M., Mehdizadeh, M., & Pawlak, M. (2021). Boredom in online classes in the Iranian EFL context: Sources and solutions. System, 101, 102556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102556
  • D’Mello, S., & Graesser, A. (2009). Automatic detection of learner’s affect from gross body language. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 23(2), 123-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839510802631745 Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics: Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methodologies. Oxford University Press.
  • Dumančić, D. (2018). Investigating boredom among EFL teachers. ExELL (Explorations in English Language and Linguistics), 6(1), 57-80. https://doi.org/10.2478/exell-2019-0006
  • Eastwood J. D., Frischen A., Fenske M. J., & Smilek D. (2012). The unengaged mind: Defining boredom in terms of attention. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(5), 482-495. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612456044
  • Efklides, A., & Volet, S., Eds. (2005). Feelings and emotions in the learning process (Special Issue). Learning and Instruction, 15, 377-515.
  • Elpidorou, A. (2014). The bright side of boredom. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01245
  • Eryılmaz, A., & Ergünay, O. (2018). Development of flow state scale in English as a foreign language context. European Journal of Education Studies, 4(11), 143-154. https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejes/article/view/1831
  • Gasper, K., & Middlewood, B. L. (2014). Approaching novel thoughts: Understanding why elation and boredom promote associative thought more than distress and relaxation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 52, 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2013.12.007
  • Goetz, T., & Hall, N. C. (2014). Academic boredom. In International handbook of emotions in education (pp. 311-330). Routledge/ Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Han, T., Öksüz, A., Şarman, G., & Nacar, A. M. (2020). Flow experiences of tertiary level Turkish EFL students in online language classes during COVID-19 outbreak. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 49(1), 1059-1078. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.787835
  • Harris, M. B. (2000). Correlates and characteristics of boredom proneness and boredom. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(3), 576-598. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02497.x
  • Huang, L. (2023). Comparing the deductive method and inductive method of grammar teaching for Chinese senior high school students. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 8, 229-237. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4254
  • Jean, G., & Simard, J. (2011). Grammar teaching and learning in L2: Necessary, but boring? Foreign Languages Annals, 44(3), 467-494. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2011.01143.x
  • Khalaf, S., Kilani, H., Razo, M. B., & Grigorenko E. L. (2022). Bored, distracted, and confused: Emotions that promote creativity and learning in a 28-month-old child using an iPad. Journal of Intelligence, 10: 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence10040118
  • Kökçam, B., & Satan, A. (2022). Coping strategies with boredom in class: Scale development and validation. Research on Education and Psychology, 6(2), 207-227. https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1202021
  • Kruk, M. (2021). Investigating the experience of boredom during reading sessions in the foreign language classroom. Journal of Language and Education, 7(3), 89-103. https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2021.12339
  • Kruk, M., Pawlak, M., Elahi Shirvan, M., & Shahnama, M. (2022). The emergence of boredom in an online language class: An ecological perspective. System, 107, 102803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2022.102803
  • Kruk, M., & Zawodniak, J. (2017). Boredom in practical English language classes. Neofilolog, 49(1), 115-131. https://doi.org/10.14746/n.2017.49.1.07
  • Kruk, M., & Zawodniak, J. (2018). Boredom in practical English language classes: Insights from interview data. In L. Szymański, J. Zawodniak, A. Łobodziec, & M. Smoluk (Eds.), Interdisciplinary views on the English language, literature and culture (pp. 177- 191). Uniwersytet Zielonogórski.
  • Larsen-Freeman, D. (2000). Techniques and principles in language teaching (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Larson, R. W., & Richards, M. H. (1991). Boredom in the middle school years: Blaming schools versus blaming students. American Journal of Education, 99, 418-433. https://doi.org/10.1086/443992
  • Loewen, S., Li, S., Fei, F., Thompson, A., Nakatsukasa, K., Ahn, S., & Chen, X. (2009). Second language learners’ beliefs about grammar instruction and error correction. The Modern Language Journal, 93(1), 91-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2009.00830.x
  • Lohrmann, K. (2008). Langeweile im Unterricht. Waxmann.
  • Macklem, G. L. (2015). The academic emotion of boredom: The elephant in the classroom. In Boredom in the classroom, 1-10. Springer.
  • Manea, V. I., Macavei, T., & Pribeanu, C. (2020). Stress, frustration, boredom, and fatigue in online engineering education during the pandemic. International Journal of User-System Interaction, 13(4), 199-214.
  • McKay, P. (2006). Assessing young language learners. CUP, Cambridge.
  • Mehrabian, A., & Friedman, S. L. (1986). An analysis of fidgeting and associated individual differences. Journal of Personality, 54(2), 406-429. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00402.x
  • Merrifield, C., & Danckert, J. (2014). Characterizing the psychophysiological signature of boredom. Experimental Brain Research, 232(2), 481-491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-013-3755-2
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage Publications.
  • MoNE. (2017). Retrieved from https://tegm.meb.gov.tr/www/ortaokul-5-siniflarda-yabanci-dil-agirlikli-egitim-uygulamasi/icerik/471
  • Moran, J. (2003). Benjamin and boredom. Critical Quarterly, 45(1/2), 168-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8705.00483
  • Mousavian Rad, S. E., Roohani, A., & Mirzaei, A. (2022). Developing and validating precursors of students’ boredom in EFL classes: An exploratory sequential mixed-methods study. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2022.2082448
  • Nakamura, S., Darasawang, P., & Reinders, H. (2021). The antecedents of boredom in L2 classroom learning. System, 98, 102469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102469
  • Nett, U. E., Daschmann, E. C., Goetz, T., & Stupnisky, R. (2016). How accurately can parents judge their children’s boredom in school? Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 770. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00770
  • Nett, U. E., Goetz, T., & Daniels, L. M. (2010). What to do when feeling bored? Students' strategies for coping with boredom. Learning and Individual Differences, 20(6), 626-638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2010.09.004
  • Özmat, D., & Senemoğlu, N. (2021). Difficulties in learning English by EFL students in Turkey. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 54(1), 141-173. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.742803
  • Pawlak, M., Derakhshan, A., Mehdizadeh, M., & Kruk, M. (2021). Boredom in online English language classes: Mediating variables and coping strategies. Language Teaching Research, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688211064944
  • Pawlak, M., Kruk, M., Zawodniak, J., & Pasikowski, S. (2020). Investigating factors responsible for boredom in English classes: The case of advanced learners. System, 91, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102259
  • Pawlak, M., Kruk, M., Zawodniak, J., & Pasikowski, S. (2022). Examining the underlying structure of after-class boredom experienced by English majors. System, 106, 102769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2022.102769
  • Pekrun, R., Elliot, A. J., & Maier, M. A. (2009). Achievement goals and achievement emotions: Testing a model of their joint relations with academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101, 115- 135. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013383
  • Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Daniels, L. M., Stupnisky, R. H., & Perry, R. P. (2010). Boredom in achievement settings: Exploring control-value antecedents and performance outcomes of a neglected emotion. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102, 531-549. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019243
  • Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Titz, W., & Perry, R. P. (2002). Academic emotions in students’ self-regulated learning and achievement: A program of quantitative and qualitative research. Educational Psychologist, 37, 91-105. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3702_4
  • Pishghadam, R., Zabetipour, M., & Aminzadeh, A. (2016). Examining emotions in English language learning classes: A case of EFL emotions. Issues in Educational Research, 26(3), 508-526.
  • Robinson, W. P. (1975). Boredom at school. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 45(2), 141-152. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1975.tb03239.x
  • Schubert, D. (1977). Boredom as an antagonist of creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 11(4), 233-240. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1977.tb00631.x
  • Shaw, S. (1996). Boredom, stress and social control in the daily activities of adolescents. Journal of Leisure Research, 28(4), 274-292. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1996.11949776
  • Spacks, P. M. (1995). Boredom: The literary history of a state of mind. University of Chicago Press.
  • Svalberg, A. (2009). Engagement with language: Interrogating a construct. Language Awareness, 18(3-4), 242-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658410903197264
  • Tze, V. M., Daniels, L. M., & Klassen, R. M. (2016). Evaluating the relationship between boredom and academic outcomes: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 28(1), 119-144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9301-y
  • Uysal, N. D., & Yavuz, F. (2015). Pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards grammar teaching. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 191(2), 1828-1832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.353
  • Van Tilburg, W. A. P., & Igou, E. R. (2017). Boredom begs to differ: Differentiation from other negative emotions. Emotion, 17, 309-322. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000233
  • Weinerman, J., & Kenner, C. (2016). Boredom: That which shall not be named. Journal of Developmental Education, 40(1), 18-23. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44987721
  • Westgate, E. C., & Wilson, T. D. (2018). Boring thoughts and bored minds: The MAC model of boredom and cognitive engagement. Psychological Review, 125(5), 689-713. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000097
  • Xie, J. (2021). The effects of boredom on EFL learners’ engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.743313
  • Yacek, D. W., & Gary, K. (2023). The uses and abuses of boredom in the classroom. British Educational Research Journal, 49(1), 126-141. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3833
  • Zawodniak, J., & Kruk, M. (2019). Boredom in the English language classroom: An investigation of three language learners. Konin Language Studies, 7(2), 197-214. http://doi.org/10.30438/ksj.2019.7.2.5
  • Zawodniak, J., Kruk, M., & Chumas, J. (2017). Towards conceptualizing boredom as an emotion in the EFL academic context. Konin Language Studies, 5(4), 425-441. http://doi.org/10.30438/ksj.2017.5.4.3
  • Zhang, X. (2019). Foreign language anxiety and foreign language performance: A meta-analysis. The Modern Language Journal, 103, 763-781. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12590
  • Zhao, Y., & Yang, L. (2022). Examining the relationship between perceived teacher support and students' academic engagement in foreign language learning: Enjoyment and boredom as mediators. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.987554
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İkinci Bir Dil Olarak İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Abdullah Coşkun 0000-0003-2818-1280

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Coşkun, A. (2023). Perception of Boredom in Young Learners’ English Language Classes. EDUCATIONE, 2(2), 196-217. https://doi.org/10.58650/educatione.1331880