Dissemination of Evidence-Based Practices for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Telehealth

Öz

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neuro-developmental difference, and its indicators emerge in early childhood and continue throughout life. Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is accepted as evidence-based practice (EBP) for delivering interventions for individuals with ASD. However, there are still challenges in the access of EBPs for individuals with ASD, their families and experts working with these individuals. Thus, there is a huge need to investigate alternative service models that can facilitate the access of those individuals to ABA-based interventions. An alternative way to meet this need emerges as telehealth. Telehealth is the provision of a wide variety of health and educational services by an expert who is not physically in the same place as the individual, using appropriate technology and communication tools. Telehealth has been preferred in recent years and has become more popular with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to provide information on the use of telehealth for delivering ABA-based interventions. The study gives comprehensive information about the telehealth services, application models, and its advantages and limitations. In the study, a guideline for a more effective telehealth usage was brought foth for the experts who provide interventions through telehealth and for the individuals who benefit from it.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Telehealth service
• Autism spectrum disorder
• Applied behavior analysis
• COVID-19

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Bireylere Yönelik Bilimsel Dayanaklı Uygulamaların Yaygınlaştırılması: Tele-Sağlık Hizmetleri

Öz

Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB), her bireyde farklı derecede gözlenebilen, belirtilerinin erken çocukluk yıllarında görülmeye başlayıp yaşam boyu devam ettiği karmaşık bir nöro-gelişimsel farklılıktır. Uygulamalı davranış analizi (UDA), davranış analizi biliminin uygulamalı bir dalıdır. OSB’li bireylerin eğitiminde yararlanılan bilimsel dayanaklı uygulama (BDU) olarak kabul edilen uygulamaların UDA’ya dayalı olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Ancak OSB’li bireylerin, onların ailelerinin ve bu bireylerle çalışan uzmanların UDA’ya dayalı uygulamalara erişim sorunları hâlâ devam etmektedir. Bu sebeple, OSB’li bireylerin UDA’ya dayalı hizmetlere erişimini kolaylaştırabilecek alternatif hizmet modellerinin araştırılmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Tele-sağlık hizmetleri bu ihtiyacın karşılanmasına yönelik alternatif uygulama şekli olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Tele-sağlık; sağlık ve eğitimle ilgili çeşitli hizmetlerin bireyle fiziksel olarak aynı yerde bulunmayan bir uzman tarafından uygun teknoloji ve iletişim aracılığıyla sunulmasıdır. Tele-sağlık hizmetleri son yıllarda sıklıkla tercih edilen ve COVID-19 salgınıyla daha da popüler hale gelen bir hizmet türüdür. Bu çalışmanın amacı OSB’li bireylere yönelik UDA’ya dayalı tekniklerin sunumunda tele-sağlık hizmetlerinin kullanımına ilişkin bilgi vermektir. Çalışma tele-sağlık hizmetlerinin mevcut durumuna, uygulama modellerine, hizmetlerin avantaj ve sınırlılıklarına yönelik kapsamlı bilgi sunmaktadır. Çalışmada tele-sağlık hizmetleri aracılığıyla eğitim sunmak isteyen uzmanlara ve bu hizmetten yararlanmak isteyen bireylere ve onların ailelerine yönelik daha etkili tele-sağlık hizmetlerinin kullanımıyla ilgili yol haritası çizilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tele-sağlık hizmeti
• Otizm spektrum bozukluğu
• Uygulamalı davranış analizi
• COVID-19
• COVID-19

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