Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Bilişsel Terapi Programının Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüklerini Azaltmadaki Etkisi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 46 - 66, 31.07.2018

Volkan Demir , Nazire Gündoğan

https://doi.org/10.12984/egeefd.332844

Cited By: 20

Öz

Bu çalışma bilinçli farkındalık temelli bilişsel terapi programının
üniversite öğrencilerinin duygu düzenleme güçlüklerini azaltmadaki etkisini
değerlendirmek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Araştırma, öntest-sontest modelli yarı
deneysel bir çalışmadır. Araştırma, İstanbul’da psikoloji bölümünde ikinci ve
üçüncü sınıflarında öğrenim görmekte 10 öğrencinin katılımıyla gerçekleşmiştir.
Ölçme aracı uygulama öncesinde ön-test,
uygulamanın bitiminde ise son-test olarak uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada
katılımcılara sekiz oturumdan oluşan her oturumu 90 dakika süren bir program
uygulanmıştır. Tek grup öntest - sontest kontrol grupsuz yarı deneysel desenin
kullanıldığı çalışmada veriler, Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıra Testi ile
çözümlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler bilinçli farkındalık temelli bilişsel terapi
programının üniversite öğrencilerinin duygu düzenleme güçlüklerini azaltmada
etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Terapi programının kalıcılığını belirlemek için
grup üyelerine onbeş ay sonra tekrar duygu düzenleme güçlüğü ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analiz
sonucunda son-test ile izleme testi puanı arasında bir farkın olmadığı, bu
anlamda yapılan bilinçli farkındalık temelli bilişsel terapi programının uzun
süreli bir etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Duygu düzenleme, bilinçli farkındalık, bilişsel terapi, üniversite öğrencileri

Kaynakça

• Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical psychology review, 30(2), 217-237.
• Aluede, O., Imhonde, H., & Eguavoen, A. (2006). Academic, career and personal needs of Nigerian university students. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 33(1), 50-58.
• Arch, J. J., & Craske, M. G. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness: Emotion regulation following a focused breathing induction. Behaviour research and therapy, 44(12), 1849-1858.
• Baer RA (2007) Mindfulness, assessment, and transdiagnostic processes. Psychol Inq, 18:238-271.
• Balcı-Çelik, S. (2008). The Effects of an Emotion Strengthening Training Program on the Optimism Level of Nurses. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 8(3), 793-804.
• Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J. M. G. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour research and therapy, 47(5), 366-373.
• Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., ... & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical psychology: Science and practice, 11(3), 230-241.
• Briere, J. (2010). Self-Trauma model: Applications for torture survivors [webinar]. Advance Clinicians Peer Consultation Group.
• Campbell-Sills, L., & Barlow, D. H. (2007). Incorporating emotion regulation into conceptualizations and treatments of anxiety and mood disorders.
• Ceyhan, A., Ceyhan, E., & Kurtyılmaz, Y. (2009). Investigation of university students’ depression. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 36, 75-90. Cloitre, M. (1998). Intentional forgetting and clinical disorders.
• Coffey, K. A., & Hartman, M. (2008). Mechanisms of action in the inverse relationship between mindfulness and psychological distress. Complementary Health Practice Review, 13(2), 79-91.
• Cole, P. M., Martin, S. E., & Dennis, T. A. (2004). Emotion regulation as a scientific construct: Methodological challenges and directions for child development research. Child development, 75(2), 317-333.
• Cooper, M. L., Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Mudar, P. (1995). Drinking to regulate positive and negative emotions: a motivational model of alcohol use.Journal of personality and social psychology, 69(5), 990.
• Çatak, P. D., & Ögel, K. (2010). Farkındalık temelli terapiler ve terapötik süreçler. Klinik Psikiyatri, 13, 85-91.
• Çeçen, A. R. (2002). Duyguları yönetme becerileri eğitimi programının öğretmen adaylarının duyguları yönetme becerileri üzerindeki etkisi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Adana.
• Demir, V. (2014). Bilinçli farkındalık temelli hazırlanan eğitim programının bireylerin depresyon ve stres düzeyleri üzerine etkisi (Doctoral dissertation, İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi).
• Demir, V. (2015). Bilinçli farkındalık temelli kognitif terapi programının bireylerin depresif belirti düzeyleri üzerine etkisi. Psikoloji Çalışmaları Dergisi, 35(1), 15-26.
• Demir, V. (2015). Görme Engellilerde Depresif Belirtilere Yönelik Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Bilişsel Terapi Programının Etkililiği. Nesne, 3(6), 77- 93.
• Demir, V. (2017). Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Bilişsel Terapi Programının Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Kaygı Düzeylerine Etkisi, OPUS – Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(12), 98-118.
• Denollet, J., Nyklìček, I., & Vingerhoets, A. J. (2008). Introduction: Emotions, emotion regulation, and health. Emotion Regulation, 3-11.
• Drew, C. J., Hardman, M. L., & Hart, A. W. (1996). Designing and conducting research: Inquiry in education and social science. Allyn & Bacon.
• Gençoğlu, C. (2012). Duygu odaklı terapiye dayalı farkındalık eğitiminin genç yetişkinlerin iyimserlik düzeylerine etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi.
• Gibb, B. E., Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Rose, D. T., Whitehouse, W. G., Donovan, P., ... & Tierney, S. (2001). History of childhood maltreatment, negative cognitive styles, and episodes of depression in adulthood. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25(4), 425-446.
• Glomb, T. M., Duffy, M. K., Bono, J. E., & Yang, T. (2011). Mindfulness at work. In Research in personnel and human resources management (pp. 115-157). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
• Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 10(1), 83.
• Gratz, K. L., & Chapman, A. L. (2007). The role of emotional responding and childhood maltreatment in the development and maintenance of deliberate self-harm among male undergraduates. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 8(1), 1.
• Gratz, K. L., & Gunderson, J. G. (2006). Preliminary data on an acceptance-based emotion regulation group intervention for deliberate self-harm among women with borderline personality disorder. Behavior therapy, 37(1), 25-35.
• Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment, 26(1), 41-54.
• Gratz, K. L., & Tull, M. T. (2010). Emotion regulation as a mechanism of change in acceptance-and mindfulness-based treatments. Assessing mindfulness and acceptance processes in clients: Illuminating the theory and practice of change, 107-133.
• Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of general psychology, 2(3), 271.
• Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39(3), 281-291.
• Gross, J. J., & Muñoz, R. F. (1995). Emotion regulation and mental health. Clinical psychology: Science and practice, 2(2), 151-164.
• Gross, J. J., & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations.
• Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of psychosomatic research, 57(1), 35-43.
• Gülgez, Ö., & Gündüz, B. (2015). Diyalektik Davranis Terapisi Temelli Duygu Düzenleme Programinin Üniversite Ögrencilerinin Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüklerini Azaltmadaki Etkisi. Çukurova University. Faculty of Education Journal, 44(2), 191.
• Hankin, B. L. (2005). Childhood maltreatment and psychopathology: Prospective tests of attachment, cognitive vulnerability, and stress as mediating processes. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(6), 645-671.
• Hayes, A. M., & Feldman, G. (2004). Clarifying the construct of mindfulness in the context of emotion regulation and the process of change in therapy. Clinical Psychology: science and practice, 11(3), 255-262.
• Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 64(6), 1152.
• Iverson, K. M., Follette, V. M., Pistorello, J., & Fruzzetti, A. E. (2012). An investigation of experiential avoidance, emotion dysregulation, and distress tolerance in young adult outpatients with borderline personality disorder symptoms. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 3(4), 415.
• Jimenez, S. S., Niles, B. L., & Park, C. L. (2010). A mindfulness model of affect regulation and depressive symptoms: Positive emotions, mood regulation expectancies, and self-acceptance as regulatory mechanisms. Personality and individual differences, 49(6), 645-650.
• John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2004). Healthy and unhealthy emotion regulation: Personality processes, individual differences, and life span development. Journal of personality, 72(6), 1301-1334.
• Johnson, C., & Larson, R. (1982). Bulimia: An analysis of moods and behavior. Psychosomatic Medicine, 44(4), 341-351.
• Kabat-Zinn, J.,Lipworth, L., Burney, R. (1985). The clinical use of mindfulness meditation for the self-regulation of chronicpain. Journal of behavioral medicine, 8(2), 163-190.
• Koole, T. (2010). Displays of epistemic access: Student responses to teacher explanations. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 43(2), 183-209.
• Kuzucu, Y. (2006). Duyguları fark etmeye ve ifade etmeye yönelik bir psikoeğitim programının, üniversite öğrencilerinin duygusal farkındalık düzeylerine, duyguları ifade etme eğilimlerine, psikolojik ve öznel iyi oluşlarına etkisi. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
• Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. Guilford press.
• Linehan, M. M., Schmidt, H., Dimeff, L. A., Craft, J. C., Kanter, J., & Comtois, K. A. (1999). Dialectical behavior therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder and drug‐dependence. The American journal on addictions, 8(4), 279-292.
• Ma, S. H., & Teasdale, J. D. (2004). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: replication and exploration of differential relapse prevention effects. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 72(1), 31.
• Maciejewski, P. K., & Mazure, C. M. (2006). Fear of criticism and rejection mediates an association between childhood emotional abuse and adult onset of major depression. Cognitive therapy and research, 30(1), 105-122.
• Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., Turk, C. L., & Fresco, D. M. (2005). Preliminary evidence for an emotion dysregulation model of generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour research and therapy, 43(10), 1281-1310.
• Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., Turk, C. L., & Fresco, D. M. (2002). Applying an emotion regulation framework to integrative approaches to generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 85-90.
• Mitmansgruber, H., Beck, T. N., Höfer, S., & Schüßler, G. (2009). When you don’t like what you feel: Experiential avoidance, mindfulness and meta-emotion in emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(4), 448-453.
• Ögel, K. (2012). Bilişsel davranışçı terapilerde üçüncü dalga. Farkındalık (ayrımsama)ve kabullenme temelli terapiler. Ankara: HYB Yayıncılık.
• Rickwood, D., Deane, F. P., Wilson, C. J., & Ciarrochi, J. (2005). Young people’s help-seeking for mental health problems. Australian e-journal for the Advancement of Mental health, 4(3), 218-251.
• Rizvi, S. L., & Steffel, L. M. (2014). A pilot study of 2 brief forms of dialectical behavior therapy skills training for emotion dysregulation in college students. Journal of American College Health, 62(6), 434-439.
• Rugancı, R. N., & Gençöz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of Turkish version of Diffuculties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66(4), 442-455
• Safer, D. L., Telch, C. F., & Chen, E. Y. (2009). Dialectical behavior therapy for binge eating and bulimia. Guilford Press.
• Schweitzer, R. D. (1996). Problems and awareness of support services among students at an urban australian university. Journal of Amarican College Health, 45(2), 73-77.
• Shapiro, S. L., Schwartz, G. E., & Bonner, G. (1998). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on medical and premedical students. Journal of behavioral medicine, 21(6), 581-599.
• Sim, L., & Zeman, J. (2006). The contribution of emotion regulation to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in early adolescent girls. Journal of youth and adolescence, 35(2), 207-216.
• Surtees, P. G., Pharoah, P. D. P., & Wainwright, N. W. J. (1998). A follow-up study of new users of a university counselling service. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 26(2), 255-272.
• Telch, C. F., Agras, W. S., & Linehan, M. M. (2001). Dialectical behavior therapy for binge eating disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(6), 1061.
• Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of the society for research in child development, 59(2‐3), 25-52.
• Whiteside, U., Chen, E., Neighbors, C., Hunter, D., Lo, T., & Larimer, M. (2007). Difficulties regulating emotions: Do binge eaters have fewer strategies to modulate and tolerate negative affect?. Eating behaviors, 8(2), 162-169.
• Witkiewitz, K., Marlatt, G. A., & Walker, D. (2005). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for alcohol and substance use disorders. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19(3), 211-228.