The Effect of Intercultural Sensitivity and Descriptive Characteristics on Transcultural Self-Efficacy in Nursing Students: A Correlational Study

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of perceived intercultural sensitivity and descriptive characteristics on transcultural self-efficacy in nursing students. Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study. A total of 638 students in the department of nursing. Data were collected via Google Forms using a descriptive information form, the Transcultural Self-Efficacy Scale and the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. Data were analyzed descriptive statistics and enter-stepwise methods in the multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The nursing students’ Transcultural Self-Efficacy Scale and the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale mean scores were 620.96 (116.992) and 93.01 (10.71), suggesting that they had moderate transcultural self-efficacy and intercultural sensitivity. Gender, family type, having friends from different cultures, and communicating with people from different cultures on social media had a statistically significant difference in nursing students’ transcultural self-efficacy and intercultural sensitivity (p<0.05). Place of residence, willingly choosing nursing profession, and following the mass media of different cultures had a statistically significant difference only in their transcultural self-efficacy, whereas desire to work abroad after graduation had a statistically significant difference in their intercultural sensitivity (p<0.05). In addition, the level of transcultural self-efficacy was 18.42 times higher for female nursing students, 44.12 times higher for those living in nuclear families, and 23.28 times lower for those who rarely communicated with people from different cultures. Among the sub-dimensions of intercultural sensitivity; self-confidence in communication, and enjoyment of communication increased transcultural self-efficacy of nursing students by 33.09 and 17.23 times, respectively, while total intercultural sensitivity increased their transcultural self-efficacy by 3.72 times. All variables accounted for 22% of the variance in transcultural self-efficacy of nursing students. Conclusions: Intercultural sensitivity level and some descriptive variables significantly affected perceived transcultural self-efficacy in nursing students. Keywords: Transcultural nursing, self-efficacy, cultural competency, nursing student.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Transcultural nursing
• self-efficacy
• cultural competency
• nursing student

Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık ve Tanımlayıcı Özelliklerin Kültürlerarası Öz Yeterliliğe Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve tanımlayıcı özelliklerinin kültürlerarası öz yeterliliğe etkisini ortaya çıkarmak amaçlandı. Yöntem: Araştırma, tanımlayıcı korelasyonel tasarımdadır. 638 hemşirelik öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler tanımlayıcı bilgi formu, Kültürlerarası Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeği ve Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık Ölçeği kullanılarak Google Form aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Veriler, tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizinde enter-stepwise yöntemleri ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin Kültürlerarası Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği ve Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık Ölçeği ortalama puanları 620.96 ve 93.01 olup, orta düzeyde kültürlerarası öz yeterliliğe ve kültürlerarası duyarlılığa sahiptir. Cinsiyet, aile tipi, farklı kültürden arkadaşlara sahip olma ve farklı kültürden insanlarla sosyal medya üzerinden iletişim kurmanın hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kültürlerarası öz-yeterlik ve kültürlerarası duyarlılıkları üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği belirlendi (p<0.05). Öğrencinin yaşadığı yer, hemşirelik mesleğini isteyerek seçmesi ve farklı kültürlere ait kitle iletişim araçlarını takip etmesi sadece kültürlerarası öz-yeterlik algısında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık gösterirken, mezuniyet sonrası yurt dışında çalışma isteği ise kültürlerarası duyarlılığında anlamlı fark gösterdi (p<0,05). Ayrıca kültürlerarası öz yeterlik düzeyi; erkeklere göre kadınlarda 18.42 kat, çekirdek ailede yaşayanlarda 44.12 kat, farklı kültürlerden insanlarla nadiren iletişim kuranlarda ise 23.28 kat daha düşük bulundu. Kültürlerarası duyarlılığın alt boyutları arasında; iletişimde kendine güven ve iletişimden keyif alma, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kültürlerarası öz yeterliliğini sırasıyla β=33.09 ve β=17.23 kat artırırken, toplam kültürlerarası duyarlılık ise öz yeterliliği β=3.72 kat artırmıştır. Tüm değişkenler, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kültürlerarası öz yeterliliklerindeki varyansın Adj. R2=%22'sini açıklamaktadır. Sonuç: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinde kültürlerarası duyarlılık düzeyi ve bazı tanımlayıcı değişkenler, kültürlerarası öz yeterliği anlamlı düzeyde etkilemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kültürlerarası hemşirelik
• öz yeterlilik
• kültürel yeterlilik
• hemşirelik öğrencisi

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Etik Beyan

metin içerisinde ve ek dosya olarak sunuldu

Teşekkür

teşekkür bölümü metin sonunda verildi

Kaynakça

1. American Psychological Association, (2020). Home page. Available at: https://dictionary.apa.org/cultural sensitivity (accessed 15.11.2021).
2. Ardic Cobaner, A., Isik, T. (2014). Discussing the benefits and risks of social media use among nurses in the context of medical ethics. Turkish Journal of Bioethics, 1(1), 137-148. DOI: 10.5505/tjob.2014.86580
3. Aslan, S., Yilmaz, D., Kartal, M., Erdemir, F., Gulec, H.Y. (2016). Determination of intercultural sensitivity of nursing students in Turkey. International Journal of Health Sciences & Research, 6(11), 202-208. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309765702_Determination_of_Intercultural_Sensitivity_of_Nursing_Students_in_Turkey
4. Asurakkody, T.A. (2018). Predictors for transcultural self efficacy of nursing students: Application of ecological model. Health Science Journals, 13(1:625), 1-7. DOI: 10.21767/1791-809X.1000625
5. Bakkaloglu, A. (2021). The management and integration of international migration, sampling of Turkey. The Journal of International Scientific Researches, 6(2), 204-217. DOI: 10.23834/isrjournal.912460
6. Baksi, A., Surucu, H. A., Duman, M. (2019). Evaluation of the intercultural sensitivity and related factors of nursing students. Journal of Academic Research in Nursing, 5(1), 31-39. DOI: 10.5222/jaren.2019.75046
7. Bandura, A. (2006). Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales. Self-Efficacy beliefs of adolescents. In (pp. 307-337). Information Age Publishing. Retrieved from: https://www.uky.edu/~eushe2/Bandura/BanduraGuide2006.pdf
8. Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122-147. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122

9. Bayik Temel, A., Iz, F.B., Chen, J., Fridline, M., Grund, F.J., Halter, M.M., …Young, L. (2016). Transcultural self-efficacy tool (TSET). In M.R. Jeffreys (Ed.), Teaching cultural competence in nursing and health care: Inquiry, action, and innovation (3rd ed., pp. 91-107). New York: Springer.
10. Berhanu, R.D., Tesema, A.A., Deme, M.B., Kanfe, S.G. (2021). Perceived transcultural self-efficacy and its associated factors among nurses in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE, 16(7), 1-13. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254643
11. Bilgic, S., Sahin, I. (2019). Intercultural sensitivity and ethnocentrism levels of nursing students. Suleyman Demirel University The Journal of Health Sciences, 10(3), 230-236. DOI: 10.22312/sdusbed.502408
12. Birimoglu Okuyan, C. (2019). Determination of intercultural sensitivity of nursing students: A university example. Journal of Research and Development in Nursing, 20(1-2), 47-54.
13. Booth, L., Kaylor, S. (2018). Teaching spiritual care within nursing education: A holistic approach. Holistic Nursing Practice, 32(4), 177-181. DOI: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000271
14. Bulduk, S., Usta, E., Dincer, Y. (2017). Determination of intercultural sensitivity and influencing factors: An example of vocational school of health. Journal of Duzce University Health Science Institute, 7(2), 73-77. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/351987
15. Bulduk, S., Tosun, H., Ardic, E. (2011). Measurement properties of Turkish intercultural sensitivity scale among nursing students. Turkey Clinics Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History, 19(1), 25-31. Retrieved from: https://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/article/en-turkce-kulturler-arasi-duyarlilik-olceginin-hemsirelik-ogrencilerinde-olcumsel-ozellikleri-60051.html
16. Chen, G.M., Starosta, W.J. (2000). The development and validation of the Intercultural Communication Sensitivity Scale. Human Communication, 3(1), 3-14. Retrieved from: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1035&context=com_facpubs
17. Chen, H.C., Jensen, F., Measom, G., Bennett, S., Nichols, N.D., Wiggins, L., Anderton, A. (2018). Factors influencing the development of cultural competence in undergraduate nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education, 57(1), 40-43. DOI: 10.3928/01484834-20180102-08
18. Cinar, N., Sahin, S., Sozer, C., Cevahir, R., Akburak, O. (2011). The reasons for choosing nursing profession and experienced problems of male nursing students. Firat Health Services Journal, 6(17), 17-25.
19. Gumus Sekerci, Y. (2021). Relationship between cultural sensitivity and self-determination (Assertiveness) in nursing students. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, 18(1), 24-30. DOI: 10.5152/jern.2021.76753
20. James, L., Stiles, A., Stephens, C. (2021). Nursing student differences in transcultural self-efficacy by culture curriculum: A longitudinal study. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 32(3), 286-294. DOI: 10.1177/1043659620950422
21. Jeffreys, M.R. (2000). Development and psychometric evaluation of the transcultural self-efficacy tool: A synthesis of findings. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 11(2), 127-136. DOI: 10.1177/104365960001100207
22. Jeffreys, M.R. (2016). Transcultural self-efficacy tool (TSET). In M.R. Jeffreys (Ed.), Teaching cultural competence in nursing and health care: Inquiry, action, and innovation (3rd ed.). New York: Springer. DOI: 10.1891/9780826119971
23. Kasapoglu, A. (2019). Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338896110TURKIYEDE_AILE_YAPISI (accessed 28.11.2021).
24. Leininger, M.M. (1991). Culture care diversity and universality: A theory of nursing. New York: National League for Nursing Press.
25. Li, J., Wu, B., He, Z., Liu, J., Xiao, R., Lou, Y. (2020). Investigation for the transcultural self-efficacy of nurses in Guizhou, China. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 7, 191-197. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.03.004
26. Mercan, N. (2016). A study on the relationship between cultural intelligence and inter-cultural sensitivity in multy-cultural environments. Journal of Nigde University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 9(1), 1-13. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/niguiibfd/issue/19761/211602
27. Official Newspaper, (2007). Available at: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/05/20070502-3.htm (accessed 28.11.2021).
28. Ozdisci, A., Tanriverdi, G. (2020). Developing the cultural sensitivity of nursing students with workshop. Journal of Ege University Nursing Faculty, 36(2), 97-107.
29. Parlar Kilic, S., Sevinc, S. (2018). The relationship between cultural sensitivity and assertiveness in nursing students from Turkey. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 29(4), 379-386. DOI: 10.1177/1043659617716518
30. Repo, H., Vahlberg, T., Salminen, L., Papadopoulos, I., Leino-Kilpi, H. (2017). The cultural competence of graduating nursing students. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 28(1), 98-107. DOI: 10.1177/1043659616632046
31. Roh, S.Z. (2014). A study on the factors affecting the intercultural sensitivity of middle and high school students in Korea. Advanced Science and Technology Letters, 47, 266-269. DOI: 10.14257/astl.2014.47.61
32. Tanriverdi, G. (2014). Culture and nursing. In G. Tanriverdi, Ü. Sevig (Eds.), Transcultural nursing. Istanbul: Akademi Press and Publishing.
33. Tanriverdi, G., Karabuga, H.Y., Gursoy, M.Y., Erdem, Ö., Gulyenli, N. (2019). Comparison of cultural sensitivity and awareness of two groups of nurses who care different profiles patients. Journal of Public Health Nursing, 1(2), 26-37. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/795080
34. The Directorate General of Migration Management, (2021). Available at: https://www.goc.gov.tr/ikamet izinleri (accessed 28.11.2021).
35. Tong, L., Tong, T., Wang, J., Li, Y., Noji, A. (2021). Determinants of transcultural self-efficacy among nurses in China: A cross-sectional study. Nursing Health Sciences, 23, 880-887. DOI: 10.1111/nhs.1287
36. Turkish Statistical Institute, (2020). Available at: https://cip.tuik.gov.tr/# (accessed 28.11.2021).
37. World Migration Report, (2020). International Organization for Migration. Available at: https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/wmr_2020.pdf (accessed 28.11.2021).
38. Yilmaz, M., Yeni, C., Avci, E., Uluk, N. (2019). Investigation of cultural sensitivity and cultural skills of nurse/midwives working in family health centers. E-Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Nursing Faculty, 12(3), 170-178. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deuhfed/issue/5424