Does The Knowledge Level of Nursing Students about Physical Activity Barriers and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Affect Their Physical Activity Status?: A Cross-Sectional Study

Öz

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of physical activity barriers and cardiovascular risk factors affecting the physical activity status of nursing students. Methods: The study was conducted between June-July 2024 with 365 nursing students in a descriptive correlational study. Student Introduction Form, Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors Knowledge Level Scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form) and Physical Activity Barriers Scale were used to collect the data. The research data were evaluated with SPSS 26 package program. Results: The overall mean level of knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors was 18.53±5.27, total physical activity was 1075.31±2399.6 metabolic equivalents (MET)-min/week and physical activity barriers was 58.60±16.05. It was determined that 66.8% of the students were physically inactive and only 10.4% were active. It was found that physical activity differed according to age, grade and place of residence, there was a positive relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors and a negative relationship between physical activity barriers. In addition, it was determined that the level of knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and physical activity barriers were significantly predicted by the status of physical activity. Conclusions: As a result of the study, it is seen that the physical activity level of the students is minimum, their knowledge level of cardiovascular risk factors is above the medium level, and their physical activity barriers are below the medium level. The results of the study reveal the importance of cardiovascular risk factors knowledge level and physical activity barriers in increasing students' physical activity. The results suggest that to increase the physical activity level of students, it is necessary to increase the level of knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors, as well as to determine the sociodemographic factors that may prevent physical activity and to develop appropriate strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nursing students
• physical activity
• cardiovascular risk factors
• barriers

Etik Beyan

Before the research, ethics committee approval dated 05.06.2024 and numbered E-67796128-819-2400018523 was obtained from Ardahan University Scientific Publication and Ethics Committee and institutional permission dated 12.06.2024 and numbered E-76878310-903.07-20878 was obtained from Kafkas University Rectorate, where the research was conducted, to conduct the research with students of Kafkas University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing. Informed consent was obtained from the students participating in the study, and the study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank all nursing students who volunteered to participate in the study.

Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Fiziksel Aktivite Engelleri Ve Kardiyovasküler Risk Faktörleri Bilgi Düzeyi Fiziksel Aktivite Durumunu Etkiler Mi?: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı hemşirelik öğrencilerinin fiziksel aktivite engelleri ve kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri bilgi düzeyinin fiziksel aktivite durumunu etkileme düzeyini belirlemektir. Yöntem: Araştırma Haziran-Temmuz 2024 tarihleri arasında 365 hemşirelik öğrencisi ile tanımlayıcı ilişki arayıcı tipte yürütülmüştür. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında Öğrenci Tanıtım Formu, Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar Risk Faktörleri Bilgi Düzeyi Ölçeği, Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi (kısa form) ve Fiziksel Aktivite Engelleri Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri SPSS 26 paket programı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri bilgi düzeyi genel ortalaması 18.53±5.27, toplam fiziksel aktivite 1075.31±2399.6 metabolik eş değer (MET) -dk/hafta ve fiziksel aktivite engelleri genel ortalaması ise 58.60±16,05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin %66,8’inin fiziksel yönden in aktif olduğu, sadece %10,4’ aktif olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fiziksel aktivitenin yaş, sınıf ve kalınan yere göre farklılaştığı, fiziksel aktivite ile kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri arasında pozitif, fiziksel aktivite engelleri arasında negatif ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri bilgi düzeyi ve fiziksel aktivite engellerini, fiziksel aktivite yapma durumunun anlamlı şekilde yordadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar: Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin minimum olduğu, kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri bilgi düzeylerinin orta düzeyin üzerinde olduğu, fiziksel aktivite engellerinin ise orta düzeyin altında kaldığı görülmektedir. Araştırmanın sonuçları öğrencilerin fiziksel aktivite yapma durumlarını arttırmada kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri bilgi düzeyinin ve fiziksel aktivite engellerinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Bulgular, öğrencilerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyini arttırmada kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri bilgi düzeyini arttırma, aynı zamanda fiziksel aktiviteye engel olabilecek sosyodemografik faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve uygun stratejilerin geliştirilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hemşirelik öğrencileri
• fiziksel aktivite
• kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri
• engeller

Kaynakça

1. Ahmed, H. M., Blaha, M. J., Nasir, K., Rivera, J. J., & Blumenthal, R. S. (2012). Effects of physical activity on cardiovascular disease. American Journal of Cardiology, 109(2), 288–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.08.042
2. Akyüz, E., & Ergöl, Ş. (2022). The challenges experienced by nursing students in clinical learning environment and their suggestions. Journal of Health and Nursing Management, 9(3), 463–474. https://doi.org/10.54304/shyd.2022.58561
3. Akman, M., & Civek, S. (2022). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de kardiyovasküler hastalıkların sıklığı ve riskin değerlendirilmesi. The Journal of Turkish Family Physician, 13(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.15511/tjtfp.22.00121
4. Al Tunaiji, H., Davis, J. C., Mansournia, M. A., & Khan, K. M. (2019). Population attributable fraction of leading noncommunicable cardiovascular diseases due to leisure-time physical inactivity: A systematic review. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 5(1), e000512. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000512
5. Anderson, L., Oldridge, N., Thompson, D. R., Zwisler, A. D., Rees, K., Martin, N., & Taylor, R. S. (2016). Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (1). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001800.pub3
6. Arıkan, İ., Metintaş, S., Kalyoncu, C., & Yıldız, Z. (2009). The Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level (CARRF-KL) Scale: A validity and reliability study. Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi: Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin Yayin Organidir, 37(1), 35–40.
7. Arslan, M., & Aydemir, İ. (2020). Sağlık çalışanlarının uyku kalitesi ve fiziksel aktivite durumlarının beden kitle indeksi ile ilişkisinin belirlenmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.5336/healthsci.2019-66418
8. Blake, H., Stanulewicz, N., & McGill, F. (2017). Predictors of physical activity and barriers to exercise in nursing and medical students. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 73(4), 917–929. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13181

9. Carbone, S., Ozemek, C., & Lavie, C. J. (2020). Sedentary behaviors, physical inactivity, and cardiovascular health: We better start moving! Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes, 4(6), 627–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.09.013
10. Cesare, M. D., Bixby, H., Gaziano, T., Hadeed, L., Kabudula, C., McGhie, D. V., Mwangi, J., Pervan, B., Perel, P., Piñeiro, D., Taylor, S., & Pinto, F. (2023). World Heart Report 2023: Confronting the World’s number one killer. World Heart Federation, 5-36. https://world-heart-federation.org/wp-content/uploads/World-Heart-Report-2023.pdf
11. Ciumărnean, L., Milaciu, M. V., Negrean, V., Orășan, O. H., Vesa, S. C., Sălăgean, O., Iluţ, S., & Vlaicu, S. I. (2022). Cardiovascular risk factors and physical activity for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1), 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010207
12. Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjöström, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., Pratt, M., Ekelund, U., Yngve, A., Sallis, J. F., & Oja, P. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-Country reliability and validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(8), 1381–1395. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB
13. Dağistan Akgöz, A., & Gözüm, S. (2020). Effectiveness of a nurse-led physical activity intervention to decrease cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged adults: A pilot randomized controlled study. Journal of Vascular Nursing, 38(3), 140–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvn.2020.05.002
14. FitzGerald, L. Z. (2015). Categorization and determinants of physical activity among nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 5(5), 10. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v5n5p10
15. Garrett, S. L., Pina-Thomas, D. M., Peterson, K. A., & Benton, M. J. (2019). Tracking physical activity in baccalaureate nursing students in the United States prior to graduation: A longitudinal study. Nurse Education Today, 80, 28–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.05.038
16. Holm, S. (1979). A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 65–70.
17. Hwang, Y., & Oh, J. (2020). Factors affecting health-promoting behaviors among nursing students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176291
18. Ibrahim, S., Karim, N. A., Oon, N. L., & Ngah, W. Z. W. (2013). Perceived physical activity barriers related to body weight status and sociodemographic factors among Malaysian men in Klang Valley. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 275. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-275
19. Jorstad, H. T., Chan, Y. K., Scholte op Reimer, W. J. M., Doornenbal, J., Tijssen, J. G. P., & Peters, R. J. G. (2015). Nurses’ perspectives on nurse-coordinated prevention programmes in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A pilot survey. Contemporary Nurse, 51(1), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2015.1119032
20. Joussain, C., Joubert, J., Laroche, D., D’Antono, B., Juneau, M., & Gremeaux, V. (2017). Barriers to physical activity in coronary artery disease patients: Development and validation of a new scale. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 60(5), 289–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2017.01.002
21. Karakoç Kumsar, A., & Taşkın Yılmaz, F. (2017). Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar risk faktörlerinden korunmada hemşirenin rolü. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(4), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.338014
22. Karakoç Kumsar, A., Taşkın Yılmaz, F., & Altınbaş Akkaş, Ö. (2015). The effect of cardiovascular risk factors knowledge level on healthy life style behaviors and related factors in nursing students. International Journal of Basic and Clinical Studies (IJBCS), 4(2), 47–60. https://dspace.biruni.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12445/1322/7.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
23. Kaya, N., Turan, N., Ozdemir Aydin, G., Kaya, H., Erol, İ., & Ilci, P. (2019). Cardiovascular disease risk factors and knowledge level in nursing students. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 9(3), 195–201. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.599875
24. Lindstrom, M., Decleene, N., Dorsey, H., Fuster, V., Johnson, C. O., Legrand, K. E., Mensah, G. A., Razo, C., Stark, B., Turco, V., & Roth, G. A. (2022). Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risks collaboration, 1990-2021. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 80(25), 2372–2425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.11.001
25. Mattioli, A. V., & Gallina, S. (2023). Early cardiovascular prevention: the crucial role of nurse-led intervention. BMC Nursing, 22(1), 347. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01511-6
26. Moraes, H. D. S. C. D., Flores, P. V. P., Cavalcanti, A. C. D., Figueiredo, L. da S., & Tinoco, J. de M. V. P. (2021). Risk factors for coronary artery disease in nursing students. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 74, e20190824. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0824
27. Ölüm ve Ölüm Nedeni İstatistikleri. (2023). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Erişim adresi: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Olum-ve-Olum-Nedeni-Istatistikleri-2023-53709. 18.07.2025
28. Öztürk, M. (2005). Üniversitede eğitim-öğretim gören öğrencilerde uluslararası fiziksel aktivite anketinin geçerliliği ve güvenirliği ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
29. Preto, L. S. R., Novo, A. F. M. P., & Mendes, M. E. R. (2016). Relationship between physical activity, muscle strength and body composition in a sample of nursing students. Revista de Enfermagem Referencia, 4(11), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.12707/RIV16028
30. Raosoft I. Sample Size Calculator. (2004). Erişim adresi: http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html. 25.01.2024
31. Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Bölümü Ders Bilgi Paketi. (2025). Kafkas Üniversitesi. Erişim adresi: https://obsyeni.kafkas.edu.tr/oibs/bologna/index.aspx lang=tr&curOp=showPac&curUnit=44&curSunit=1115# 15.01.2025
32. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. United States: Pearson Education.
33. World Health Organization. (2025). Moderate and severe thinness, underweight, overweight, obesity. Erişim adresi: https://apps.who.int/nutrition/landscape/help.aspx?menu=0&helpid=420 18.07.2025
34. Wurm, S., Diehl, M., Kornadt, A. E., Westerhof, G. J., & Wahl, H.-W. (2017). How do views on aging affect health outcomes in adulthood and late life? Explanations for an established connection. Dev Rev, 46, 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2017.08.002
35. Yardımcı Gürel, T. (2023). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kardiyovasküler hastalıklar risk faktörleri bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Journal of Samsun Health Sciences, 8(1), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1102010
36. Yurtçiçek, S., Hotun Şahin, N., & Miral, M. (2018). Fizıiksel Aktivite Engelleri Ölçeği’nin Türkçe Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 6(71), 396–404. https://doi.org/10.16992/asos.13736