The Relationship Between Exposure to Violence from Husband and Their Families and Relatives and Sexual Dysfunction in Women with Infertility

Öz

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between exposure to violence from husband, and their families and relatives, and sexual dysfunction in women with infertility.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 202 women with infertility at an Assisted Reproductive Techniques Center of a state university located in the west of Turkey. Infertile Women's Exposure to Violence Determination Scale, Index of Female Sexual Function, and information form were used for obtaining data.
Results: The Infertile Women's Exposure to Violence Determination Scale total score was 40.5 ± 9.9. The Index of Female Sexual Function score was 34.9 ± 6.4, and 36 women (17.8%) had sexual dysfunction. The Infertile Women's Exposure to Violence Determination Scale total score of the women with sexual dysfunction (47.8 ± 14.7) was significantly higher than the total score of the women without sexual dysfunction (38.9 ± 7.7) (p < 0.001). Total score of the Infertile Women's Exposure to Violence Determination Scale was negatively correlated with total score of the Female Sexual Function of Index (r = - 0.268; p < 0.001).
Conclusion: In this study was found that women with infertility level of exposure to violence were low. However, sexual dysfunction increases as the level of exposure to violence increases. Of the infertile women should be determined exposure to violence and sexual dysfunction levels.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, infertil kadınlarda eş ve yakın şiddetine maruziyet ile cinsel işlev bozukluğu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.
Yöntemler: Kesitsel tipte ki bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin batısında yer alan bir devlet üniversitesinin Yardımcı Üreme Teknikleri Merkezi'nde infertil 202 kadın ile gerçekleştirildi. Verilerin elde edilmesinde İnfertil Kadınların Şiddete Maruz Kalma Durumunu Belirleme Ölçeği, Kadın Cinsel İşlev İndeksi ve bilgi formu kullanıldı.
Bulgular: İnfertil Kadınların Şiddete Maruz Kalma Durumunu Belirleme Ölçeği toplam puanı 40.5 ± 9.9 idi. Kadın Cinsel İşlev İndeksi puanı 34.9 ± 6.4 olup 36 kadında (% 17.8) cinsel işlev bozukluğu vardı. Cinsel işlev bozukluğu olan kadınların, İnfertil Kadınların Şiddete Maruz Kalma Durumunu Belirleme Ölçeği toplam puanı (47,8 ± 14,7), cinsel işlev bozukluğu olmayan kadınların toplam puanından (38,9 ± 7,7) anlamlı düzeyde yüksekti (p <0,001). İnfertil Kadınların Şiddete Maruz Kalma Durumunu Belirleme Ölçeği toplam puanı ile Kadın Cinsel İşlev İndeksi toplam puanı arasında negatif korelasyon vardı (r = - 0.268; p <0.001).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada infertil kadınların şiddete maruz kalma düzeylerinin düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak şiddete maruz kalma düzeyi arttıkça cinsel işlev bozukluğu da artmaktadır. İnfertil kadınların şiddete maruz kalma düzeyleri ve cinsel işlev bozuklukları belirlenmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• infertility
• women
• violence

The Relationship Between Exposure to Violence from Husband and Their Families and Relatives and Sexual Dysfunction in Women with Infertility

Öz

Objective: The aim of this study, was to investigate the relationship between exposure to violence from husband, and their families and relatives, and sexual dysfunction in women with infertility. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 202 women with infertility at an Assisted Reproductive Techniques Center of a state university located in the west of Turkey. Infertile Women's Exposure to Violence Determination Scale, Index of Female Sexual Function, and information form were used for obtaining data. Results: The Infertile Women's Exposure to Violence Determination Scale total score was 40.5 ± 9.9. The Index of Female Sexual Function score was 34.9 ± 6.4, and 36 women (17.8%) had sexual dysfunction. The Infertile Women's Exposure to Violence Determination Scale total score of the women with sexual dysfunction (47.8 ± 14.7) was significantly higher than the total score of the women without sexual dysfunction (38.9 ± 7.7) (p < 0.001). Total score of the Infertile Women's Exposure to Violence Determination Scale was negatively correlated with total score of the IFSF (r = - 0.268; p < 0.001). Conclusion: In the Turkish women's with infertility are increases level of exposure to husband and their families and relatives violence. Sexual dysfunction increases as the level of exposure to violence increases. Of the infertile women should be determined sexual dysfunction levels and exposure to violence.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Infertility
• women
• violence
• sexual dysfunction

Kaynakça

1. Aduloju, P. O., Olagbuji, N. B., Olofinbiyi, A. B., Awoleke, J. O. (2015). Prevalence and predictors of intimate partner violence among women attending infertility clinic in south-western Nigeria. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 188, 66–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.02.027
2. Akpinar, F., Yilmaz, S., Karahanoglu, E., Ozelci, R., Coskun, B., Dilbaz, B., Tekin, Ö. M. (2019). Intimate partner violence in Turkey among women with female infertility, Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 34(1), 3-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2017.1327711
3. Alijani, F., Keramat, A., Gardeshi, Z. H., Khosravi, A., Afzali, M., Habibi, F. (2018). Domestic violence among infertile women: a study in north of Iran. American Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 5(2), 267-272. Access address: http://www.ajecr.org/index.php/ajecr/article/view/106/250
4. Ardabily, H. E., Moghadam, Z. B., Salsali, M., Ramezanzadeh, F., Nedjat, S. (2011). Prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence against infertile women in an Iranian setting. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 112(1), 15-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.07.030
5. Ataman, H., Arslan, H. (2010). Psycho-social care needs in pregnancies experienced naturally and as a result of infertility treatment. Journal of Social Policy Studies, 6(23), 75-86. Access address: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/198127
6. Bayar, U., Başaran, M., Atasoy, N., Kokturk, F., Arikan, II., Barut, A., … Harma M. (2014). Sexual dysfunction in infertile couples: evaluation and treatment of infertility. Journal Of Pakistan Medical Association, 64(2), 138-145. Access address: https://jpma.org.pk/PdfDownload/5937
7. Baydar, O., Yanıkkerem, E. (2016). Dimensions of violence towards to infertile women. International Refereed Journal of Gynaecological Diseases and Maternal Child Health, 7, 98-119. https://doi.org/10.17367/JACSD.2016721960
8. Celik, A. S., Kırca, N. (2018). Prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence against infertile women in a Turkish setting. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 231, 111-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.10.032

9. Datta, J., Palmer, M. J., Tanton, C., Gibson, L. J., Jones, K. G., Macdowall, W, … Wellings,K. (2016). Prevalence of infertility and help seeking among 15 000 women and men. Human Reproduction, 31(9), 2108-2118. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dew123
10. Dhont, N., van de Wijgert, J., Coene, G., Gasarabwe, A., Temmerman, M. (2011). 'Mama and papa nothing': living with infertility among an urban population in Kigali, Rwanda. Human Reproduction, 26(3), 623-629. https//doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deq373
11. Emec, A. Z., Apay, E. S., Ozorhan, E. Y. (2017). Determination and comparison of sexual dysfunctions of women with and without infertility problems. Sexuality and Disability, 35, 59-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11195-016-9471-7
12. Gabr, A. A., Omran, E. F., Abdallah, A. A., Kotb, M. M., Farid, E. Z., Dieb, A. S., Belal D. S. (2017). Prevalence of sexual dysfunction in infertile versus fertile couples. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 217, 38-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.08.025
13. Ghaly, A. S., Essa, R. M., Yassin, S. T. (2019). Intimate partner violence against infertile women. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 8(4), 10-25. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0804051025
14. Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies. (2015). National Research on Domestic Violence Against Women in Turkey. Access address: http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/eng/english_main_report.pdf. Accessed 03 January 2020.
15. Iliyasua, Z., Galadanci, H. S., Abubakar, S., Auwala, M. S., Odoh, C., Salihu, H. M., Aliyu, M. H. (2016). Phenotypes of intimate partner violence among women experiencing infertility in Kano, Northwest Nigeria. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 133(1), 32-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.08.010
16. Millheiser, L. S., Helmer, A. E., Quintero, R. B., Westphal, L. M., Milki, A. A., Lathi, R. B. (2010). Is infertility a risk factor for female sexual dysfunction? A case-control study. Fertility and Sterility, 94(6), 2022-2025. https://10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.01.037
17. Mirblouk, F., Asgharnia, D. M., Solimani, R., Fakor, F., Salamat, F., Mansoori, S. (2016). Comparison of sexual dysfunction in women with infertility and without infertility referred to Al-Zahra Hospital in 2013-2014. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine, 14(2), 117-124. Access address: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4869153/
18. Moghaddam, T. F., Feizbakhsh, N., Sheikhi, N., Lak, B. T. (2016). Exposure of infertile women to violence and related factors in women referring to Urmia Infertility Center in 2015. Nursing and Midwifery Journal, 13(10), 853-862. Access address: http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-2766-en.html
19. Onat, G. (2014). Development of a scale for determining violence against infertile women: a scale development study. Reproductive Health, 11(18), 2-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-11-18
20. Ozgoli, G., Sheikhan, Z., Zahiroddin, A., Nasiri, M., Amiri, S., Badr, F. K. (2016). Evaluation of the prevalence and contributing factors of psychological intimate partner violence in infertile women. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 4(1), 571-581. https://doi.org/10.22038/JMRH.2016.6625
21. Ozturk, R., Taner, A., Guneri, S. E., Yilmaz, B. (2017). Another face of violence against women: Infertility. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 33(4), 909-914. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.334.12862
22. Parish, W. L., Wang, T., Laumann, E. O., Pan, S., Luo, Y. (2004). Intimate partner violence in China: national prevalence, risk factors and associated health problems. International Family Planning Perspectives, 30(4), 174-181. Access address: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1566491
23. Pasi, A. L., Hanchate, M. S., Pasha, M. A. (2011). Infertility and domestic violence: Cause, consequence and management in Indian scenario. Biomed Res-India, 22(2), 255-258. https://doi.org/ http://www.indmedica.com/journals.php?journalid=12&issueid=149&articleid=2032&action=article
24. Poornowrooz, N., Jamali, S., Haghbeen, M., Javadpour, S., Sharifi, N., Mosallanezhad, Z. (2019). The comparison of violence and sexual function between fertile and infertile women: A study from Iran. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 13(1), QC09-QC11. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2019/37993.12516
25. Potur, D. C., Onat, G., Merih,Y. D. (2019). An evaluation of the relationship between violence exposure status and personality characteristics among infertile women. Health Care for Women International, 40(11), 1135-1148. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2019.1622704
26. Rahebi, S. M., Rahnavardi, M., Chamani, S. R., Nazari, M., Sabetghadam, S. (2019). Relationship between domestic violence and infertility. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 25(8), 537-542. Access address: http://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-25-2019/volume-25-issue-8/relationship-between-domestic-violence-and-infertility.html
27. Sami, N., Ali, T. S. (2012). Domestic violence against infertile women in Karachi, Pakistan. Asian Review of Social Sciences, 1(1), 15-20. Access address: https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_son/179
28. Sahin, S., Ilcioglu, K., Unsal, A. (2018). Domestic violence and anxiety levels in infertile women. Cukurova Medical Journal, 43(4), 777-784. https://doi.org/0.17826/cumj.331064
29. Tav, A. S., Gultekin, B. K., Arpacıoglu, B. S. (2018). Clinical characteristics, adjustment between the couples and the quality of sexual life of married women who are exposed to physical domestic violence. Turkish Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 21(3), 254-260. https://doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2018.66375
30. Turan, V., Kopuz, A., Ozcan, A., Kocakaya, B., Sahin, C., Solmaz, U. (2014). Sexual dysfunction in infertile Turkish females: prevalence and risk factors. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 182, 128-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.09.013
31. World Health Organization (WHO-2020). Sexual and reproductive health. Available online at https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/infertility/multiple-definitions/en/. Accessed 03 January 2020.
32. Yildizhan, R., Adali, E., Kolusari, A., Kurdoglu, M., Yildizhan, B., Sahin, G. (2009). Domestic violence against infertile women in a Turkish setting. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 104(2), 110-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.10.007
33. Yilmaz, C. A., Eryilmaz, H. Y. (2004). Validity-reliability study of female sexual function index (IFSF). Andrology Bulletin, 8(18), 275-276. Access address: http://file.lookus.net/androlojibulteni/Haziran-2004-18.Say%C4%B1.pdf