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SEPTICSHOCK AND NURSING CARE

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1, 173 - 185, 01.01.2016

Öz

Infections cause serious diseases in today's world in which microorganisms highly diversify and gain resistance. Sepsis and septic shock is an infection issue which threatens life and requires immediate treatment. Despite of all the developments in treatment and care, morbidity and mortality ratios of patience whose septic shock is getting worse are so high. In septic shock, the aim is to provide continuity of the functions of organs and life. To achieve this aim; early diagnosis, rapid and true treatment, effective care play a crucial role. Nurses' scientific and updated knowledge related to septc shock will determine the effectiveness of nursing care. This article is about the definition, psysiopathology, symptom and the patient who is in septic shock

Kaynakça

  • Akyol D A. Yaygın Damar İçi Pıhtılaşma (YDP). Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2010; 26 (2): 83- 100.
  • Amersfoort ESW, Berkel TJCV, Kuiper J. Receptors, Mediators, and Mechanisms Involved in Bacterial Sepsis and Septic Shock. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2003; 16 (3): 379-414.
  • Angus DC, Poll T. Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. The new england Journal O f Medicine 2013; 369 (9)
  • Artero A, Zaragoza R, Nogueira JM. Epidemiology of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. In: Fernandez R, Editor. Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock - Understanding a Serious Killer. Croatia: InTech; 2012. 1- 24.
  • Brierley J, Carcillo JA, Choong K ve ark. Clinical Practice Parameters For Hemodynamic Support Of Pediatric And Neonatal Septic Shock: 2007 Update From The American College of Critical Care Medicine. Crit Care Med 2009; 37(2): 666- 688.
  • Chant C, Mustard M, Thorpe Ke ve ark. Nurse vs Nomogram-Directed Glucose Control in a Cardiovascular intensive Care Unit. Am J Crit Care. 2012;21: 270-278.
  • Char S JL Evans LR, Malvar GL ve ark. A randomized Trial Of Two Methodsto Disclose Prognosis To Surrogate Decision Makers İn intensive Care Units. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182:905-909.
  • Cinel I, Opal SM. Molecular Biology of Inflammation and sepsis: A primer*. Crit Care Med 2009; 37 (1): 291- 304.
  • Comstedt P, Storgaard M, Lassen AT. The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in Acutely Hospitalised Medical Patients: A Cohort Study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2009; 17 (67): 2­ 10.
  • Czarnecka K, Saleh F. Sepsis: A Review of Pathophysiology and Management. MUMJ 2007; 4 (1):3-8.
  • Dellinger RP. Cardiovascular management of septic shock. Crit Care Med 2003 a; 31 (3): 946- 955.
  • Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A ve ark. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for Management Of Severe Sepsis And Septic Shock-2012. Crit Care Med 2013 b;41: 580-637.
  • Dombrovskiy VY, Martin AA, Sunderram J ve ark. Rapid Increase in Hospitalization And Mortality Rates For Severe Sepsis in the United States: A trend analysis from 1993 to 2003. Crit Care Med 2007; 35 (5): 1244- 1250.
  • El-Menyar A, Thani HA, Zakaria ER ve ark. Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS): Is It Preventable or Inevitable?. International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2012; 3: 722-730.
  • Evans LR, Boyd EA, Malvar G ve ark. Surrogate decision-makers’ perspectives on discussing prognosis in the face of uncertainty. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009;179: 48-53.
  • Garvey G, Chong D. Sepsis And Septic Shock 2008. Retrieved: July 01,2014» From http://www.columbia. edu/itc/ hs/medical/ pathophys/id/2008 /sepsis Notes.pdf
  • Gobel BH, Peterson GJ. Sepsis and Septic Shock. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 2006; 14 (6): 793­ 798.
  • Gupta S, Jonas M. Sepsis, Septic Shock And Multiple Organ Failure. Intensive care 2006; 7: 143- 146.
  • Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist Ge ve ark. GRADE: An Emerging Consensus On Rating Quality Of Evidence And Strength of Recommendations. BMJ 2008;336: 924-926.
  • Guyton AC, Hall JE. Tıbbi Fizyoloji. Çevirenler: Çavuşoğlu H, Yeğen BÇ, Aydın Z, Alican İ. İstanbul: Nobel tıp kitabevi; 2007.
  • Hollenberg SM, Ahrens T S, Annane D ve ark. Practice Parameters For Hemodynamic Support of Sepsis in Adult Patients: 2004 update. Crit Care Med 2004; 32 (9): 1928-1948.
  • Karaali R, Tabak F (2009). Sepsis Patogenezi. Klinik Gelişim, 71-76. Retrieved November 30, 2014» From
  • http://www.klinikgelisim.org.tr/kg22_3/12.pdf.
  • Karadakovan A, Aslan FE. Dahili ve Cerrahi hastalıklarda bakım. 2. Baskı. Adana: Nobel kitabevi; 2011.
  • Khwannimit B, Bhurayanontachai R. The epidemiology Of, And Risk Factors For, Mortality From Severe Sepsis And Septic Shock İn A Tertiary- Care University Hospital Setting. Epidemiol. Infect 2009; 137: 1333- 1341.
  • Kleinpell R, Aitken L, Schorr CA. Implications of the New International Sepsis Guidelines for Nursing Care. American Journal of Critical Care 2013; 22 (3): 212-222.
  • Klenzak J, Himmelfarb J. Sepsis and the Kidney. Crit Care Clin 2005; 21: 211-222.
  • Lautrette A, Darmon M, Megarbane B ve ark. A Communication Strategy And Brochure For Relatives Of Patients Dying in the ICU. N Engl J Med 2007;356:469-478.
  • Levinson AT, Casserly BP, Levy MM. Reducing Mortality in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. Crit Care Med 2011; 32(2):195-205.
  • Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC ve ark. 2001 SCCM /ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med 2003; 31 (4): 1250-1256.
  • Miller J. Surviving Sepsis. A review of the latest guidelines. Nursing 2014; 24- 30.
  • Monge FJC, Lareo MM, Gomez SG ve ark. Effectiveness and Safety Of Goal Directed Nurse-Led Blood Glucose Control İn An intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Observational Study. Enferm Intensiva 2012; 23 (1): 11-16.
  • Morrell MR, Micek ST, Kollef MH. The Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. Infect Dis Clin N Am 2009; 23: 485-501.
  • National Clinical Effectiveness Committee (2014). Sepsis Management National Clinical Guideline No: 6. Retrieved March 13, 2015, From http://www. hse.ie/eng/about/Who/ clinical/natclinprog /sepsis/sepsis %20management.pdf
  • Nduka OO, Parrillo JE. The Pathophysiology of Septic Shock. Crit Care Clin 2009; 25: 67 7 - 702.
  • Nesseler N, Launey Y, Aninat C ve ark. Clinical review: The liver in sepsis. Critical Care 2012; 16 (235): 1­ 8.
  • O ’Connor E, Tragen D, Fahey P ve ark. Improving Blood Glucose Control During Critical Illness: A Cohort Study. J Crit Care 2010; 25: 78-83.
  • Pugin J. How Tissue Injury Alarms The Immune System And Causes A Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome. Annals of Intensive Care 2012; 2 (27):2- 6.
  • Rivers EM, Ahrens T. Improving Outcomes for Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: Tools for Early Identification of At-Risk Patients and Treatment Protocol Implementation. Crit Care Clin 2008; 23: 1­ 47.
  • Rosini JM, Srivastava N. The 2012 Guidelines for Severe Sepsis and Septiv Shock: An Update for Emergency Nursing. Journal of Emergency Nursing 2013; 39 (6): 652- 656.
  • Semeraro N, Ammollo CT, Semeraro F ve ark. Sepsis-Associated Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Thromboembolic Disease. Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 2010; 2 (3): 1- 31.
  • Sharma S, Kumar A. Septic Shock. Multiple Organ Failure, And Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 2003; 9: 199-209.
  • Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012. Critical Care Medicine 2013; 41 (2): 580- 637.
  • Vincent JL. Clinical Sepsis And Septic Shock- Definition, Diagnosis And Management Principles. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2008 a; 393:817-824.
  • Vincent JL, Backer DD. Microvascular Dysfunction As A Cause Of Organ Dysfunction In Severe Sepsis. Critical Care 2005 b; 9 (4): 9-12.
  • White DB, Engelberg RA, Wenrich M D ve ark. The Language of Prognostication in the Intensive Care Units. Med Decis Making 2010;30: 76- 83.
  • Yorgancı K, Sayek İ. Sepsis ve İlgili Tanımlamalar. Yoğun Bakım Dergisi 2005; 5(2):7 5-79.

SEPTİK ŞOK VE HEMŞİRELİK BAKIMI

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1, 173 - 185, 01.01.2016

Öz

Mikroorganizmaların oldukça çeşitlendiği ve direnç kazandığı günümüzde enfeksiyonlar ciddi bir sağlık sorunu oluşturmaktadır. Sepsis ve septik şok acil müdahale gerektiren ve hayatı tehdit eden bir enfeksiyon tablosudur. Tedavi ve bakımla ilgili tüm gelişmelere karşın septik şok gelişen hastalarda morbidité ve mortalité oranları oldukça yüksektir. Septik şokta tedavinin amacı organ işlevlerinin ve yaşamın devamının sağlanmasıdır. Bu amaca ulaşmada erken tanı, hızlı ve doğru tedavi ve etkin bakım hayati rol oynamaktadır. Hemşirelerin septik şoka ilişkin bilimsel ve güncel bilgiye sahip olmaları hemşirelik bakımının etkinliğini belirleyecektir. Bu makalede güncel bilgiler doğrultusunda septik şokun; tanımı, fizyopatolojisi, belirtileri ve septik şokta olan hastanın hemşirelik bakımı anlatılmaktadır

Kaynakça

  • Akyol D A. Yaygın Damar İçi Pıhtılaşma (YDP). Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2010; 26 (2): 83- 100.
  • Amersfoort ESW, Berkel TJCV, Kuiper J. Receptors, Mediators, and Mechanisms Involved in Bacterial Sepsis and Septic Shock. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2003; 16 (3): 379-414.
  • Angus DC, Poll T. Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. The new england Journal O f Medicine 2013; 369 (9)
  • Artero A, Zaragoza R, Nogueira JM. Epidemiology of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. In: Fernandez R, Editor. Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock - Understanding a Serious Killer. Croatia: InTech; 2012. 1- 24.
  • Brierley J, Carcillo JA, Choong K ve ark. Clinical Practice Parameters For Hemodynamic Support Of Pediatric And Neonatal Septic Shock: 2007 Update From The American College of Critical Care Medicine. Crit Care Med 2009; 37(2): 666- 688.
  • Chant C, Mustard M, Thorpe Ke ve ark. Nurse vs Nomogram-Directed Glucose Control in a Cardiovascular intensive Care Unit. Am J Crit Care. 2012;21: 270-278.
  • Char S JL Evans LR, Malvar GL ve ark. A randomized Trial Of Two Methodsto Disclose Prognosis To Surrogate Decision Makers İn intensive Care Units. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182:905-909.
  • Cinel I, Opal SM. Molecular Biology of Inflammation and sepsis: A primer*. Crit Care Med 2009; 37 (1): 291- 304.
  • Comstedt P, Storgaard M, Lassen AT. The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in Acutely Hospitalised Medical Patients: A Cohort Study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2009; 17 (67): 2­ 10.
  • Czarnecka K, Saleh F. Sepsis: A Review of Pathophysiology and Management. MUMJ 2007; 4 (1):3-8.
  • Dellinger RP. Cardiovascular management of septic shock. Crit Care Med 2003 a; 31 (3): 946- 955.
  • Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A ve ark. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for Management Of Severe Sepsis And Septic Shock-2012. Crit Care Med 2013 b;41: 580-637.
  • Dombrovskiy VY, Martin AA, Sunderram J ve ark. Rapid Increase in Hospitalization And Mortality Rates For Severe Sepsis in the United States: A trend analysis from 1993 to 2003. Crit Care Med 2007; 35 (5): 1244- 1250.
  • El-Menyar A, Thani HA, Zakaria ER ve ark. Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS): Is It Preventable or Inevitable?. International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2012; 3: 722-730.
  • Evans LR, Boyd EA, Malvar G ve ark. Surrogate decision-makers’ perspectives on discussing prognosis in the face of uncertainty. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009;179: 48-53.
  • Garvey G, Chong D. Sepsis And Septic Shock 2008. Retrieved: July 01,2014» From http://www.columbia. edu/itc/ hs/medical/ pathophys/id/2008 /sepsis Notes.pdf
  • Gobel BH, Peterson GJ. Sepsis and Septic Shock. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 2006; 14 (6): 793­ 798.
  • Gupta S, Jonas M. Sepsis, Septic Shock And Multiple Organ Failure. Intensive care 2006; 7: 143- 146.
  • Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist Ge ve ark. GRADE: An Emerging Consensus On Rating Quality Of Evidence And Strength of Recommendations. BMJ 2008;336: 924-926.
  • Guyton AC, Hall JE. Tıbbi Fizyoloji. Çevirenler: Çavuşoğlu H, Yeğen BÇ, Aydın Z, Alican İ. İstanbul: Nobel tıp kitabevi; 2007.
  • Hollenberg SM, Ahrens T S, Annane D ve ark. Practice Parameters For Hemodynamic Support of Sepsis in Adult Patients: 2004 update. Crit Care Med 2004; 32 (9): 1928-1948.
  • Karaali R, Tabak F (2009). Sepsis Patogenezi. Klinik Gelişim, 71-76. Retrieved November 30, 2014» From
  • http://www.klinikgelisim.org.tr/kg22_3/12.pdf.
  • Karadakovan A, Aslan FE. Dahili ve Cerrahi hastalıklarda bakım. 2. Baskı. Adana: Nobel kitabevi; 2011.
  • Khwannimit B, Bhurayanontachai R. The epidemiology Of, And Risk Factors For, Mortality From Severe Sepsis And Septic Shock İn A Tertiary- Care University Hospital Setting. Epidemiol. Infect 2009; 137: 1333- 1341.
  • Kleinpell R, Aitken L, Schorr CA. Implications of the New International Sepsis Guidelines for Nursing Care. American Journal of Critical Care 2013; 22 (3): 212-222.
  • Klenzak J, Himmelfarb J. Sepsis and the Kidney. Crit Care Clin 2005; 21: 211-222.
  • Lautrette A, Darmon M, Megarbane B ve ark. A Communication Strategy And Brochure For Relatives Of Patients Dying in the ICU. N Engl J Med 2007;356:469-478.
  • Levinson AT, Casserly BP, Levy MM. Reducing Mortality in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. Crit Care Med 2011; 32(2):195-205.
  • Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC ve ark. 2001 SCCM /ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med 2003; 31 (4): 1250-1256.
  • Miller J. Surviving Sepsis. A review of the latest guidelines. Nursing 2014; 24- 30.
  • Monge FJC, Lareo MM, Gomez SG ve ark. Effectiveness and Safety Of Goal Directed Nurse-Led Blood Glucose Control İn An intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Observational Study. Enferm Intensiva 2012; 23 (1): 11-16.
  • Morrell MR, Micek ST, Kollef MH. The Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. Infect Dis Clin N Am 2009; 23: 485-501.
  • National Clinical Effectiveness Committee (2014). Sepsis Management National Clinical Guideline No: 6. Retrieved March 13, 2015, From http://www. hse.ie/eng/about/Who/ clinical/natclinprog /sepsis/sepsis %20management.pdf
  • Nduka OO, Parrillo JE. The Pathophysiology of Septic Shock. Crit Care Clin 2009; 25: 67 7 - 702.
  • Nesseler N, Launey Y, Aninat C ve ark. Clinical review: The liver in sepsis. Critical Care 2012; 16 (235): 1­ 8.
  • O ’Connor E, Tragen D, Fahey P ve ark. Improving Blood Glucose Control During Critical Illness: A Cohort Study. J Crit Care 2010; 25: 78-83.
  • Pugin J. How Tissue Injury Alarms The Immune System And Causes A Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome. Annals of Intensive Care 2012; 2 (27):2- 6.
  • Rivers EM, Ahrens T. Improving Outcomes for Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: Tools for Early Identification of At-Risk Patients and Treatment Protocol Implementation. Crit Care Clin 2008; 23: 1­ 47.
  • Rosini JM, Srivastava N. The 2012 Guidelines for Severe Sepsis and Septiv Shock: An Update for Emergency Nursing. Journal of Emergency Nursing 2013; 39 (6): 652- 656.
  • Semeraro N, Ammollo CT, Semeraro F ve ark. Sepsis-Associated Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Thromboembolic Disease. Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 2010; 2 (3): 1- 31.
  • Sharma S, Kumar A. Septic Shock. Multiple Organ Failure, And Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 2003; 9: 199-209.
  • Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012. Critical Care Medicine 2013; 41 (2): 580- 637.
  • Vincent JL. Clinical Sepsis And Septic Shock- Definition, Diagnosis And Management Principles. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2008 a; 393:817-824.
  • Vincent JL, Backer DD. Microvascular Dysfunction As A Cause Of Organ Dysfunction In Severe Sepsis. Critical Care 2005 b; 9 (4): 9-12.
  • White DB, Engelberg RA, Wenrich M D ve ark. The Language of Prognostication in the Intensive Care Units. Med Decis Making 2010;30: 76- 83.
  • Yorgancı K, Sayek İ. Sepsis ve İlgili Tanımlamalar. Yoğun Bakım Dergisi 2005; 5(2):7 5-79.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Özgün Araştırma
Yazarlar

Sema Koçan Bu kişi benim

Ayla Gürsoy Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Koçan, S., & Gürsoy, A. (2016). SEPTİK ŞOK VE HEMŞİRELİK BAKIMI. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(1), 173-185.